Strain-Mediated Converse Magnetoelectric Coupling in La0.7Sr0

Subscriber access provided by University of South Dakota

Article

Strain-mediated converse magnetoelectric coupling in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/ Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 multiferroic heterostructures Hang Xu, Ming Feng, Mei Liu, Xiaodong Sun, Li Wang, Liyue Jiang, Xue Zhao, Cewen Nan, Aopei Wang, and Haibo Li Cryst. Growth Des., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00702 • Publication Date (Web): 20 Aug 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on August 22, 2018

Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.

is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.

Page 1 of 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Crystal Growth & Design

Strain-Mediated Converse Magnetoelectric Coupling in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 Multiferroic Heterostructures

Hang Xu,a Ming Feng,∗a Mei Liu,a Xiaodong Sun,a Li Wang,a Liyue Jiang,a Xue Zhao,a Cewen Nan,b Aopei Wang,c and Haibo Li*a a

Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China b

State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China

c

Institute for Advanced Ceramics, Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China

ABSTRACT: The converse magnetoelectric (ME) coupling of a La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) thin film, deposited on piezoelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystal substrate by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique was investigated by magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) system. As the piezoelectric nature of the PMN-PT, the strain status of the LSMO thin film is tunable by the electric field applied on the substrate, as well known that the manganite thin film has very strong electron-phonon interaction, thus the magnetic property change as a function of external electric field can be realized. The change of the Kerr signal of LSMO film upon applying direct current (DC) voltage to the PMN-PT single crystal was recorded. In particular, the voltage-induced change of the Kerr signal in the LSMO by applying the alternative current (AC) actuation voltage bias to the PMN-PT single crystal can be in situ recorded without external magnetic fields. The gained Kerr signal versus voltage loop basically tracks the electromechanical strain curve of the PMN-PT single crystal, distinctly certifying a converse ME coupling in

∗

Corresponding author. Tel.: +86-431-81765056; Fax: +86-431-81765055. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Feng) and [email protected] (H. B. Li).

ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Crystal Growth & Design 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

manganite/piezoelectric heterostructures are mediated by strain rather than the interfacial effect.

Keywords: pulse laser deposition; multiferroic heterostructure; Magneto-optical Kerr effect; converse magnetoelectric coupling.

1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, in order to develop materials with new multi-functionality, researchers have much significant interest in multiferroics, which show a coexistence of, and coupling between, magnetic and electric orders.1-7 Although the converse ME coupling effect in single phase materials has been reported,8-10 it is very weak at roomtemperature and/or low electric fields,11-14 which limits the practical applications, and then investigations on ferromagnetic/piezoelectric heterostructures as an alternative scheme have been attracted much attention.15-19 In addition, beyond the simple picture of the correlation between strain and spin in piezoelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructures as a piezoelectric is always ferroelectric, thus interfacial charge and exchange bias mechanisms of converse ME coupling have also been proposed.4, 16, 20 By electric field instead of the conventional current trigger can not only reduce the energy consumption but also increase the efficiency of functional devices.21-27 These features greatly expand the application range of magnetic materials and demonstrate its broad application field of new magnetoelectric storage devices,10, 11, 28 microwave devices, and the logic circuits.29-31 Therefore, great efforts have been dedicated to achieving converse ME coupling via the voltage modulated magnetization without the external magnetic field and study the mechanisms of this coupling in piezoelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructures at room-temperature. The purpose of this


Page 2 of 16

Page 3 of 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60


article aims to realize a purely electric field control of magnetism variation in LSMO/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructures by means of the room-temperature MOKE measurement, which possesses a very high precision, in-situ and non-destructive test.32-34 This work presents the change of magnetic hysteric loops under different DC voltages. Besides, AC voltage measure mode without applying a magnetic field has also been carried out to avert the influence of the magnetic field on the test procedure. 2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION High-quality multiferroic LSMO/PMN-PT heterostructure was prepared by depositing LSMO films on PMN-PT (100) substrates by the PLD technique, which provides a good basis for the in-plane strain transfer between the substrate and the magnetic thin film. The LSMO was selected to be the ferromagnetic based on the high application potential in spintronics, as the LSMO is a 100 % spin-polarized perovskite colossal magnetoresistance material, and owns the highest Curie temperature in manganite. The PMN-PT single crystal (5×4×0.3 mm3) whose electromechanical coupling coefficient k33 and piezoelectric constant d33 of PMN-PT (100) can reach to ~94 % and 2800 pC/N respectively give a considerable compressive strain to LSMO.34-36 In this experiment, the vacuum chamber was pumped down to a base pressure of 3×10-4 Pa. For the LSMO/PMN-PT heterostructures, the purchased and polished PMN-PT (100) single crystal was selected as the substrate. First, LSMO was deposited on PMN-PT (100) substrate under the oxygen pressure of 20 Pa at 690 °C, the KrF excimer laser (λ=248 nm) pulse frequency was 10 Hz and the single pulse energy was 260 mJ/Pulse. Then, the as-prepared films were cooled down to room-temperature directly under the oxygen pressure of 2.0×104 Pa. X-ray diffraction (Rigaku, D/max-2500/PC), the atomic force microscope (AFM,



Asylum Research, MFP-3D Infinity), and the profiler (American Electric Power Co., NanoMap-500LS) were used for the phase analysis, the surface morphology, roughness analysis, and the thickness of LSMO/PMN-PT heterostructure. The polarization-electric field (P-E) and piezo-strain curve (as demonstrated by the Ɛ33-E loop) of the PMN-PT single crystal were measured by the ferroelectric test system (Radiant Technology, Precision Premier II). The magnetic properties of experimental films were measured by the Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID, Quantum Design), and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra were measured by a JES-FA200 at X band (9.2 GHz). The magneto-optical Kerr effect (Durham Magneto Optics Ltd., Nano MOKETM 3) magnetometer with high near-surface sensitivity was used for characterizing the electric field control of the magnetization of the LSMO thin films. The converse ME coupling was severally studied through DC-mode and AC-mode MOKE. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The XRD pattern of the LSMO/PMN-PT heterostructure is shown in Figure 1a, which presents the LSMO reflections appear along with PMN-PT Bragg peaks, and it demonstrates a highly epitaxial (100)-oriented feature of LSMO film at the present thickness (~102 nm). Figure 1b shows the two-dimensional AFM image of the LSMO thin film with a root-mean-square (Rrms) of around 3.2 nm in the range of 2 × 2 µm2.


Page 4 of 16

Page 5 of 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60


Figure 1. (a) The XRD pattern and (b) two-dimensional AFM image of the LSMO/PMN–PT multiferroic heterostructure. In addition, the typical P-E hysteresis and Ɛ33-E loop of PMN-PT (100) substrate are shown in Figure 2. From Figure 2a, it is evident that the hysteresis loop is almost squared, with a remanent polarization Pr of 64.5 µC/cm2 and a coercive field Ec of 2.5 kV/cm under an applied electric field of 10 kV/cm. At the same time, the PMN-PT (100) piezo-strain loop is shown in Figure 2b, which is measured under an electric field perpendicular to the surface. It can be clearly seen that the electric field induced strain curve of PMN-PT (100) is a typical butterfly shape, which shows that the PMN-PT (100) has a good piezoelectric property.

Figure 2. (a) The ferroelectric hysteresis and (b) the piezo-strain curve of PMN-PT (100) single crystal.



Figure 3a shows the magnetization versus temperature curve, and the Curie temperature of LSMO is ~370 K. Besides, the magnetic hysteresis loops of the LSMO film at different temperatures are shown in Figure 3b. The saturation magnetization of the sample reduces as the increase of measure temperature, and the phase of the sample gradually changes from the ferromagnetism to paramagnetism. This is mainly due to that the temperature increment makes the thermal disturbance, influencing the orderly arrangement of the magnetic domain and moment, and the temperature gradient caused strain in the film, and thus a different scale of the coercive field was observed.

Figure 3. (a) The magnetization of LSMO as a function of temperature. (b) Hysteresis loops of LSMO thin film measured at different temperatures. Figure 4a shows the schematic diagram of the EPR measurement configuration in the LSMO/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure, where 0° is that the applied magnetic field parallels to the film plane, and 90° is perpendicular. The angular dependence of the positions and relative intensities of the resonance peak in LSMO/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure at room-temperature is presented in Figure 4b. By rotating the sample, the position and relative intensities of the resonance peak in LSMO/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure changed, the results show that the LSMO/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure has magnetic anisotropy


Page 6 of 16

Page 7 of 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60


caused by lattice strain of substrate. Moreover, when the sample is rotated to 60° direction, the body spin-wave modes can be observed obviously from the ferromagnetic resonance spectrum in LSMO thin film, this is due to the strong spin pinning effect in LSMO/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure. The appearance of this spin wave mode is related to the interface conditions of LSMO/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure.

Figure 4. (a) Schematic illustration of the EPR measurement configuration. (b) The angular dependence of the positions and relative intensities of the resonance peak in LSMO/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure at room-temperature. Figure 5a is the schematic diagram of DC-mode MOKE test in multiferroic LSMO/PMN-PT heterostructure, which shows the direction of the electric and magnetic field, and the laser beam (660 nm in wavelength) was focused on the surface of LSMO films. The in-plane remanent magnetization Mr is directly proportional to the in-plane Kerr signal, and hence the voltage modulation of Mr can be reflected on the relevant change in the Kerr signal. Under an electric field, the lattice constant of the PMN-PT substrate can be significantly changed due to its piezoelectric property, leading to a deformation of the LSMO film, as shown in Figure 5c. Obvious changes in the Kerr hysteresis loops of the LSMO film via applied voltage perpendicular to the surface of the single crystal PMN-PT were shown in Figure 5b and Figure 5d. Upon



the positive or negative voltage, it is obvious that the coercive field and magnetization decrease with the increase of the absolute value of voltage, which is caused by the electric-field-induced strain and then transferred to the LSMO layer, owing to the magnetoelastic effect. It should be informed that this converse ME phenomenon exists in a wide range of LSMO thickness, herein from 102 to 14 nm, indicating a general and robust effect. However, apart from the strain induced ME coupling, a complex interlayer (such as Orange-Peel coupling) and interfacial magnetic interactions are discovered once the LSMO is several tens of nanometer thick, which exhibit a multiple M-H curve coexistence. Although the multi-magnetic couplings at the interface of LSMO and PMN-PT go beyond the scope of the current study, a systemic and in-depth research will be performed in the near future from the fundamental physics point of view.


Page 8 of 16

Page 9 of 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60


Figure

5. (a) Schematic

illustration

of

the

LSMO/PMN-PT multiferroic

heterostructure and the DC-mode MOKE measurement configuration. In-plane Kerr hysteresis loops of the LSMO films via applied (b) positive voltage and (d) negative voltage perpendicular to the single crystal PMN-PT. (c) The lattice strain in LSMO induced by an electric field. Pay attention to the in-plane Kerr hysteresis loop in Figure 6a, it shows a coercive field Hc of about 42 Oe, the value measured by MOKE is consistent with SQUID. The change of the relative Kerr signal ∆Kerr (∝Mr) as a function of AC voltage is shown in Figure 6b. The butterfly-shaped ∆Kerr-V curve is similar to the electromechanical strain loop in Figure 2b, and it can afford explicit proof for the strain-mediated ME coupling in the present LSMO/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure. This manifests that the magnetism of the LSMO films can be modulated by the applied electric field, further revealing the mechanism of strain mediated converse ME coupling in LSMO/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructures.

Figure 6. (a) In-plane Kerr hysteresis loop and (b) the change of the Kerr signal upon low-frequency (i.e. 31 Hz) sinusoidal voltage wave in the LSMO/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure. (Inset: the schematic illustration of AC-mode MOKE measurement configuration). 4. CONCLUSION



Page 10 of 16

The LSMO magnetic thin films have been successfully grown on PMN-PT (100) single crystal substrates, and the LSMO/PMN-PT heterostructures exhibit good piezoelectric and magnetic properties. The in-plane magnetization upon low-frequency voltage has been in-situ detected even without the need of the external magnetic field by the AC-mode MOKE method. Furthermore, an obvious strain-mediated converse ME coupling was demonstrated by applying a voltage to the substrates at room-temperature.

The

result

indicates

a

wide

application

prospect

of

LSMO/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure on novel electric field assisted recording medium.

AUTHOR INFORMATION Corresponding Author * E-mail: [email protected] (M. Feng) and [email protected] (H. B. Li). ORCID H. B. Li：0000-0002-1769-2352

Notes The authors declare no competing financial interest. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the financial support for this work from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51772126 and 11504132), State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing of Tsinghua University (Item No. KF201505), Program for the Development of Science and Technology of Jilin Province (Item No. 20170101062JC), and the 13th Five-Year Program for Science and

Technology

of

Education

Department

of

Jilin

JJKH20170370KJ).


Province

(Item

No.

Page 11 of 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60


REFERENCES (1) Dong, S.; Liu, J. M.; Cheong, S. W.; Ren, Z. Adv. Phys. Multiferroic Materials and Magnetoelectric Physics: Symmetry, Entanglement, Excitation, and Topology. 2015, 64, 519-626. (2) Zhao, S.; Zhou, Z.; Peng, B.; Zhu, M.; Feng, M.; Yang, Q.; Yan, Y.; Ren, W.; Ye, Z.; Liu, Y.; Liu, M. Quantitative Determination on Ionic-Liquid-Gating Control of Interfacial Magnetism. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1606478. (3) Liu, M.; Obi, O.; Lou, J.; Chen, Y.; Cai, Z.; Stoute, S.; Espanol, M.; Lew, M.; Situ, X.; Ziemer, K. S.; Harris, V. G.; Sun, N. X. Giant Electric Field Tuning of Magnetic Properties in Multiferroic Ferrite/Ferroelectric Heterostructures. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 1826-1831. (4) Ramesh, R.; Spaldin, N. A. Multiferroics: Progress and Prospects in Thin Films. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 21–29. (5) Kolhatkar, G.; Ambriz-Vargas, F.; Huber, B.; Thomas, R.; Ruediger, A. Thermionic Emission Based Resistive Memory with Ultra-Thin Ferroelectric BiFe1-xCrxO3

Films

Deposited

by

Mineralizer-Free

Microwave-Assisted

Hydrothermal Synthesis. Cryst. Growth Des. 2018, 18, 1864-1872. (6) Cai, H. L.; Zhang, Y.; Fu, D. W.; Zhang, W.; Liu, T.; Yoshikawa, H.; Awaga, K.; Xiong, R. G. Above-Room-Temperature Magnetodielectric Coupling in a Possible Molecule-Based Multiferroic: Triethylmethylammonium Tetrabromoferrate (III). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 18487-18490. (7) Xu, G. C.; Zhang, W.; Ma, X. M.; Chen, Y. H.; Zhang, L.; Cai, H. L.; Wang, Z. M.; Xiong, R. G.; Gao, S. Coexistence of Magnetic and Electric Orderings in the Metal-Formate Frameworks of [NH4][M(HCOO)3]. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 14948-14951.



Page 12 of 16

(8) Cheong, S. W.; Mostovoy, M. Multiferroics: a Magnetic Twist for Ferroelectricity. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 13-20. (9) Tokura, Y. Multiferroics-Toward Strong Coupling Between Magnetization and Polarization in a Solid. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2007, 310, 1145-1150. (10) Huang, C. Y.; Zhou, J.; Tra, V. T.; White, R.; Trappen, R.; N’Diaye, A. T.; Spencer, M.; Frye, C.; Cabrera, G. B.; Nguyen, V. Imaging Magnetic and Ferroelectric Domains and Interfacial Spins in Magnetoelectric La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 Heterostructures. J. Phys: Condens. Mat. 2015, 27, 504003. (11) Tang, Z.; Xiong, Y.; Tang, M.; Xiao, Y.; W. Zhang.; Yuan, M.; Ouyang, J.; Zhou, Y. Temperature

Dependence

of

Magnetoelectric

Effect

in

Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12-La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 Multiferroic Composite Films Buffered by a LaNiO3 Layer. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2013, 2, 1427-1435. (12) Liu, G. Z.; Yang, Y. Y.; Qiu, J.; Chen, X. X.; Jiang, Y. C.; Yao, J. L.; Zhao, M.; Zhao, R.; Gao, J. Substrate-Related Structural, Electrical, Magnetic and Optical Properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Films. J. Phys D: Appl. Phys. 2016, 49, 075304. (13) Sundararaj, A.; Chandrasekaran, G.; Therese, H. A.; Annamalai, K. Room Temperature Magnetoelectric Coupling in BaTi1−xCrxO3 Multiferroic Thin Films. J. Appl. Phys. 2016, 119, 024107. (14) Liu, M.; Nan, T.; Hu, J. M.; Zhao, S. S.; Zhou, Z.; Wang, C. Y.; Jiang, Z. D.; Ren, W.; Ye, Z. G.; Chen, L. Q.; Sun, N. X. Electrically Controlled Non-Volatile Switching of Magnetism in Multiferroic Heterostructures via Engineered Ferroelastic Domain States. NPG Asia Mater. 2016, 8, e316. (15) Li, Z.; Hu, J.; Shu, L.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, Y.; Shen, Y.; Lin, Y.; Nan, C. W. A Simple Method for Direct Observation of the Converse Magnetoelectric Effect in Magnetic/Ferroelectric Composite Thin Films. J. Appl. Phys. 2011, 110, 096106.


Page 13 of 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60


(16) Guo, Z.; Yang, X.; Deng, J.; Yan, B.; Zheng, J.; Ding, J.; Li, J.; Zhu, B.; Chen, S.; Ou-Yang, J.; Zhang, Y. Electric Field Control of the Exchange Spring Effect in Perpendicularly Magnetized FePt/NiFe Bilayers. J. Alloy. Compd. 2016, 687, 204-210. (17) Rao, S. S.; Prater, J. T.; Wu, F.; Shelton, C. T.; Maria, J. P.; Narayan, J. Interface Magnetism in Epitaxial BiFeO3-La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Heterostructures Integrated on Si(100). Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 5814-5821. (18) Ou, S. L.; Yu, F. P.; Wuu, D. S. Transformation from Film to Nanorod via a Sacrificial Layer: Pulsed Laser Deposition of ZnO for Enhancing Photodetector Performance. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 14251. (19) Li, Z.; Tao, K.; Ma, J.; Gao, Z.; Koval, V.; Jiang, C.; Viola, G.; Zhang, H.; Mahajan, A.; Cao, J.; Cain, M.; Abrahams, I.; Nan, C.; Jia, C.; Yan, H. Bi3.25La0.75Ti2.5Nb0.25(Fe0.5Co0.5)0.25O12, a Single Phase Room Temperature Multiferroic. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2018, 6, 2733-2740. (20) Huang, J. J.; Fu, Y. P.; Wang, J. Y.; Cheng, Y. N.; Lee, S.; Hsu, J. C. Characterization of Fe-Cr Alloy Metallic Interconnects Coated with LSMO Using the Aerosol Deposition Process. Mater. Res. Bull. 2014, 51, 63-68. (21) Luo, J. H.; Li, L. N.; Sun, Z. H.; Wang, P.; Hu, W. D.; Wang, S. S.; Ji, C.; M.; Hong, M. C. Tailored Engineering of an Unusual (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)2Pb3Br10 Two-Dimensional Multilayered Perovskite Ferroelectric for High Performance Photodetectors. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 12150-12154. (22) Sun, Z. H.; Liu, X. T.; Khan, T.; Ji, C. M.; Asghar, M. A.; Zhao, S. G.; Li, L. N.; Hong, M. C.; Luo, J. H. A Photoferroelectric Perovskite-Type Organometallic Halide with Exceptional Anisotropy of Bulk Photovoltaic Effects. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 6545-6550.



Page 14 of 16

(23) Heo, S.; Oh, C.; Eom, M. J.; Kim, J. S.; Ryu, J.; Son, J.; Jang, H. M. Modulation of

Metal-Insulator

Transitions

by

Field-Controlled

Strain

in

NdNiO3/SrTiO3/PMN-PT(001) Heterostructures. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 22228. (24) Brivio, S.; Petti, D.; Bertacco, R.; Cezar, J. Electric Field Control of Magnetic Anisotropies and Magnetic Coercivity in Fe/BaTiO3 (001) Heterostructures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2011, 98, 092505. (25) Zhou, Z.; Peng, B.; Zhu, M.; Liu, M. Voltage Control of Ferromagnetic Resonance. J. Adv. Dielectr. 2016, 6, 1630005. (26) Cui, J.; Hockel, J. L.; Nordeen, P. K.; Pisani, D. M.; Liang, C. Y.; Carman, G. P.; Lynch, C. S. A Method to Control Magnetism in Individual Strain-Mediated Magnetoelectric Islands. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013, 103, 232905. (27) Tian, G.; Zhang, F.; Yao, J.; Fan, H.; Li, P.; Li, Z.; Song, X.; Zhang, X.; Qin, M.; Zeng, M.; Zhang, Z.; Yao, J.; Gao, X.; Liu, J. Magnetoelectric Coupling in Well-Ordered Epitaxial BiFeO3/CoFe2O4/SrRuO3 Heterostructured Nanodot Array. ACS Nano. 2016, 10, 1025-1032. (28) Gao, Y.; Wang, X.; Xie, L.; Hu, Z.; Lin, H.; Zhou, Z.; Nan, T.; Yang, X.; Howe, B. M.; Jones, J. G.; Brown, G. J.; Sun, N. X. Giant Electric Field Control of Magnetism

and

Narrow

Ferromagnetic

Resonance

Linewidth

in

FeCoSiB/Si/SiO2/PMN-PT Multiferroic Heterostructures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2016, 108, 232903. (29) Su, H.; Tang, X.; Zhang, H.; Sun, N. X. Voltage-Impulse-Induced Nonvolatile Tunable Magnetoelectric Inductor Based on Multiferroic Bilayer Structure. Appl. Phys. Expre. 2016, 9, 077301. (30) Khomeriki, R.; Chotorlishvili, L.; Tralle, I.; Berakdar, J. Positive-Negative Birefringence in Multiferroic Layered Metasurfaces. Nano Lett. 2016, 16,


Page 15 of 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60


7290-7294. (31) Zhang, B.; Sun, C. J.; Lü, W.; Venkatesan, T.; Han, M. G.; Zhu, Y.; Chen, J.; Chow, G. M. Electric-Field-Induced Strain Effects on the Magnetization of a Pr0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Film. Phys. Rev. B. 2015, 91, 174431. (32) Mudinepalli, V. R.; Chang, P. C.; Hsu, C. C.; Lo, F. Y.; Chang, H. W.; Lin, W. C. Electric-Field Effects on Magnetism of Fe/NCZF/PZT Composite Thin Film. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2017, 432, 90−95. (33) Gao, Y.; Hu, J. M.; Wu, L.; Nan, C. W. Dynamic in Situ Visualization of Voltage-Driven Magnetic Domain Evolution in Multiferroic Heterostructures. J. Phys. Condens. Mat. 2015, 27, 504005. (34) Zheng, M.; Yang, M. M.; Zhu, Q. X.; Li, X. Y.; Gao, G. Y.; Zheng, R. K.; Wang, Y.; Li, X. M.; Shi, X.; Luo, H. S.; Li, X. G. Tunable Interface Strain Coupling and Its Impact on the Electronic Transport and Magnetic Properties of La0.5Ca0.5Mn O3/Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3

Multiferroic

Heterostructures.

Phys. Rev. B. 2014, 90, 224420. (35) Park, S. E.; Shrout, T. R. Ultrahigh Strain and Piezoelectric Behavior in Relaxor Based Ferroelectric Single Crystals. J. Appl. Phys. 1997, 82, 1804-1811. (36) Zheng, M.; Wang, W. Coupling of Electric Charge and Magnetic Field via Electronic

Phase

Separation

in

(La,Pr,Ca)MnO3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3

Multiferroic Heterostructures. J. Appl. Phys. 2016, 119, 154507.



For Table of Contents Use Only

Strain-Mediated Converse Magnetoelectric Coupling in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 Multiferroic Heterostructures

Hang Xu,a Ming Feng,*a Mei Liu,a Xiaodong Sun,a Li Wang,a Liyue Jiang,a Xue Zhao,a Cewen Nan,b Aopei Wang,c and Haibo Li*a

Synopsis: The in-plane magnetism of a manganite La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 upon low-frequency voltage has been in-situ detected even without the need of external magnetic field. The voltage-induced change of the Kerr signal certifying an obvious converse magnetoelectric coupling in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 multiferroic heterostructure is mediated by strain.


Page 16 of 16

Strain-Mediated Converse Magnetoelectric Coupling in La0.7Sr0

Recommend Documents