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RESEARCH RESULTS . . . immediately auailable All papers listed are being considered for possible publication in I&EC and I&EC Quarterlies. They are available in manuscript form prior to I&EC publication or alternatively for at least three months.

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The Upgrading of Residues by Combinations of Residue Desulfurization and Visbreaking. Combinations of visbreak-

ing and hydrodesulfurization, in either sequence, are advantageous in processing of residues. Each of these processes tends to overcome the disadvantages of the other, and also actually improves the results obtained in the subsequent step.

B. K. Schmid and R. Beuther, Gulf Research t31 Development Company M s . 66-224 Subscribers $3.00 24pages ( I j g u r e s , 9 tables)

Nonsubscribers $6.00

Dehydration of Acelonitrile by Salting-Out in a York-Scheibel Liquid Extraction Column. Salting-out effect applied to in-

dustrial dehydration operations; specific example of dehydrating aqueous acetonitrile solution by countercurrent contact with saturated potassium carbonatewater solution. Mass transfer coefficients correlated with mass velocities of both phases.

Selcuk 0. Ergin and A . G. Oberg, Texas Technological College

MS.66-228 16 pages (4figures, 7 table)

Subscribers $2.00 flonsubscribers $4.00

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Evaporation directly from a hot solution to a cooler condensate through a porous membrane with vapor-filled pores is possible, with liquids excluded by nonwettable surfaces. Pumping and control requirements are less than with conventional multiple-effect flash evaporation. M . E. Findley, University of Missouri Ms. 66-249 Subscribers $3.00 22pages ( 2 j g u r e s , 2 tables) Nonsubscribers $6.00

Vaporization through Porous Membranes.

A Method for Calculating Average Temperature in a Finite Cylinder after Sudden Changes in the Boundary Temperature.

An analytical formula for obtaining average temperature in a thermally conductive finite cylinder after undergoing sudden changes in surface temperature was devised. A new and rapid method for calculating average temperature was developed from this analytical formula. Kan-ichi Hayakawa, Rutgers, the State University Ms. 66-252 Subscribers $3.00 23pages (7figures, 1 table) Nonsubscribers $6.00 Multistage Optimization Using a Discrete Version of the EulerLagrange Equation. Multistage optimization can be achieved using the discrete Euler-Lagrange equation - - A - = 0

a+

Effect of Meon Flow on the Wall Damping of Finite-Amplitude Gas Pulsatlons. Pressure amplitude a t resonance was found

to decrease with increasing Mach number, with the effect most pronounced a t low Mach numbers where flow reversal occurred.

G. E. Klinring and A . 0. Converse, Carnegie Institute of Technology Ms. 66-237 Subscribers $3.00 23pages (5figures)


Vapor liquid Equilibria of Binary Mixtures of Methanol and Carbon Tetrachloride. I t is shown that quasicrystalline rela-

tions empirically applied to binary mixtures of methanol and carbon tetrachloride describe closely the variation of boiling points with liquid and vapor composition. They also predict appearance of the azeotrope of this system.

P. K. Katti and O m Prakash, Indian Institute Khas, N e w Delhi, India

MS.66-238 7 pages ( I figure)

o i Technology, H a u t Subscribers $7 .OO Nonsubscribers 0.00

Holdup and Mass Transfer in Bubble Columns. A correlation is presented for gas holdup in bubble columns that predicts values with a n average absolute deviation of about 11% from the experimental. A recent correlation for mass transfer from single gas bubbles in liquids is found applicable to the swarm data for bubble columns.

Ms. 66-247 7pages (2jgzrres)

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Comparison of Kinetic and Diffusional Models for Packed Bed Absorption. Solutions to the adsorption problem with external

resistance and internal diffusion controlling for linear equilibrium are compared using Fick’s second law and a kinetic model approximation for the internal portion of the resistance. A large deviation between the solutions is found for low values of the bed length parameter. F . X.Stuart and D . T . Camp, Carnegie Institute of Technology MS.66-258 Subscribers $1 .OO 6 pages ( I figure) Nonsubscribers $2.00 Effect of Combustion Time on the Appearance of Vibrating Diffusion Flames. An equation for combustion time of en-

closed butane-air flames vibrating with small amplitude and low frequency has been derived from high speed photographs and extended to flames with larger amplitudes and higher frequencies. An equation has been derived similarly for flames of natural gas and air.

B. E. L. Deckker and R. A . Srinivas, University of Saskatchewan, Canada MS. 66-262

G. A . Hughmark, Ethyl Corporation Subscribers $1.00 Nonsubsnibers $2.00

a+

ax avx for each variable, x. Function is constructed from the objective function J and the state equationf with the Lagrangian Xtf. multipler X by -$ = V J L i n C. Cha, Phillips Petroleum Company MS. 66-254 Subscribers $2.00 17pages (lfigure, 1 table) Nonsubscribers $4.00

Subscribers $2.00

18 pages (6 figures, 1 table)


(Continued on page 1 7 8 ) VOL. 5 8

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SEPTEMBER 1 9 6 6

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RESEARCH RESULTS The Effect of Ultrasonic Sound on Chemical Reaction Rate.

Development of an Equation for Internal Force in Nonpolar Liquids. By processing accurate specific volume data on n-

Hydrolysis of methyl acetate using HC1 as catalyst was studied in a batch reactor under isothermal conditions. Reaction rate increased with increasing sonic amplitude. Ultrasonic vibration contributed a higher frequency factor of rate constant. Applications of ultrasonic energy to batch chemical processing is discussed.

alkanes under pressure, the P-T isochores, the coefficients of thermal pressure, and internal pressures were calculated over broad ranges of molecular weight, temperature, and external pressures. A transcendental equation involving four parameters was derived.

J . W. Chen and Walter M . Kalback, Southern Illinois University MS.6 6 - 2 7 0 Subscribers 82.00

Arthur K. Doolittb, T h e Arcadia Institutefor Scientz& Research, Inc. Ms. 66-265

Subscribers $2.00

15pages (7jigures, 7 table)

78pages (8Jigures)



The Volume, Energy, and Enfropy of Eight Pure n-Alkanes over a Range of Temperatures and Pressures. Tables give values

Thermife Process for the Fixation of High level Radiooctive Wastes. Feed solution is reduced in volume, converted to oxide

of energy and entropy for n-heptane at six levels of temperature and 18 of pressure. T h e equation for internal force is validated for n-heptane. Reliability of energy calculations on higher nalkanes is estimated by comparing with corresponding values obtained by integrating temperature-entropy isochores.

or sulfate form, and reduced to a highly insoluble polysilicate. Both oxide and sulfate routes are described. Absolute control of all radioactive species, including potential volatiles in a single final product, is an outstanding feature.

Arthur K . Doolittle, T h e Arcadia Institute f o r Scientijc Research, Inc.

M . L. Spector, M . W . Kellogg Company, and Ernest0 Suriani and G. L. Stukenbroeker, A'ational Lead Company

Ms. 66-266

Ms. 66-279

Subscribers $2.00

77pages (3 tables)

24pages ( r f g u r e , 3 tables)


When a plate of nickel was clad and welded with aluminum plate like a sandwich, a layer of Ni-A1 alloy was formed on the boundary of these metals. A nickel catalyst was prepared by treating this sandwich with alkali.

Sandwich-Type Raney Niekel Catalyst.

Optimum Allocation of Adsorbent in Stagewise Adsorption Operations. Data confirm the belief that countercurrent opera-

tion is always superior to crossflow, and crossflow with adsorbent split is always better than the alternative in which the solution is split.

Jiro Yasumura and Tomio Yoshino, University of Tokushima, J a j a n , and Satoshi Abe, .Vikki Chemical Company, Ltd., Japan

R. G . Lerch and D . A. Ratkowsky, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

MS.66-267

MS. 6 6 - 2 7 3

Subscribers 81.00

10pages ( 4 f g u r e s )

Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers 86.00

9 p a g e s ( 3 f g u r e s , 1 table)


Nonsubscribers $2.50 Mechanism of Pellef Growth in Wet Pellefisation. Presents evidence that the coalescing or clumping mechanism proposed

by Kapur and Fuerstenau holds only during initial stages, after which growth occurs by crushing of smaller pellets and layering of the fragments onto the larger pellets.

NOW A LOW COST METERING PUMP

C. E. Capes, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada 15 pages ( 4 f g u r e s )

Describes a new method of electrostatic precipitation with several distinct advantages over present techniques. Analytical results and laboratory experiments show efficiencies competitive with ordinary electrostatic precipitators a t reduced capital costs.

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E. L. Collier, M . C. Gourdine, and D . H. Malcolm, Gourdine Systems, Inc.

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special formulation of Hypalon makes the dependable SIGMAMOTOR Pump applicable for metering sulphuric acid or other strong oxidizing agents. Liquid is forced through Hypalon tubing by wave-like action of steel fingers. Never contacts metal. Model TGSH opens t o permit change of tubing easily

h'onsubscribers 84.00

Electrogasdynamics and Fume Precipitation.

FOR

STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS

Subscribers 82.00

Ms. 6 6 - 2 7 4

- quickly.

MS. 66-275 99 pages ( 7 f g u r e )

Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00

The breakthrough pressure of mercury into random sphere packings is evaluated from the distribution function of interparticle separations and the penetration pressure of mercury between four individual spheres in contact. Breakthrough Pressure for Random Sphere Packings.

Raymond P. Icrkowski, Allis-Chalmers

Ms. 66-277 70pages ( 3 f g u r e s )


Momentum Transfer Studies in Ejector. I. Correlations for Single-Phase and Two Phose Systems. Correlations were

developed for air-air and air-liquid systems relating mass ratio of entrained fluid to motive fluid. Data and correlations will be used in designing and incorporating ejectors in slurry-type chemical reactors and in allied process operations.

G. S. Dauies, A. K. iMitra, and A . N. Roy, Indian Institute of Technology 67 N O R T H M A I N S T R E E T

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M I D D L E P O R T , N E W YORK

Circle No. 20 on Readers' Service Card 118

INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

MS. 66-278 2 2 p a g e s (7figures, 4 tables)


RESEARCH RESULTS Momentum Transfer Studies in Eiector. Three-phase (Air-Liquid-Solid) System.

II.

Correlation for

Studies in ejector for three-phase systems with air as the motive fluid, and slurries composed of finely divided solid particles suspended in liquid as the entrained fluid.

G. S. Dauies, A. K . Mitia, and A . N . Roy, Indian Institute of Technology

MS. 66-279

Subscribers 81.00

10 pages (3figures, 2 tables)

Nonsubscribers 82.00

Steady Diffusion or Conduction with a Variable CoeMcienf.

Presents some theorems concerning steady-state concentration or temperature distribution and rate of diffusion of mass or heat in a fixed medium of any shape in which the flux is given by Fick's or Fourier's Law with a coefficient which depends on concentration or temperature only.

H. L. Toor, Carnegic Institute of Technology MS. 66-28 1

Subscribers 87.00

10pages


Topological Aspecls of Fitting Heterogeneous Kinetic Models.

Presents techniques for obtaining and assessing reliability of parameter estimates in nonlinear Hougen-Watson models. Three examples indicate several pitfalls that can be avoided in parameter estimation.

J. R. Kittrell and R . Mezaki, University of Wisconsin MS. 66-282

Subscribers 84.00

35pages (7figures, 5 tables)


Discusses general techniques of batch distillation where packed towers are ideal and work well over wide ranges of reflux ratios, providing low pressure drop per theoretical plate, especially in vacuum processes. Comparisons are made with continuous processing. Batch Distillotion in Packed Towers.

John S. Eckert, The United States Stomware, Inc. Ms. 66-283 29 pages ( 1 1 figures, 1 table)

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Help yourself to 500 companies! There they are in the i700 meaty pages o f CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CATALOG. No need to look anywhere else for the product literature and detailed information you need. Equipment- materials o f constructionspecialized services. All the facts are there organized by process men for process men and placed i n t h e palm o f your hand. USE it it's yours! R.

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CATALOG 430 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10022 Circle

REINHOLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION

No. 9 on Readers' Service Card

Subscribers 83.00


Baichwise Processing Using Carbonyl Chloride. Reviews physical properties of carbonyl chloride, suggests safety factors in batch processing, and discusses some of the many uses and potential uses of this basic organic chemical in specialty chemicals such as isocyanates, polycarbonates, insecticides, and herbicides.

Robert E. Jones, Ott Chemical Company

MS. 66-286

Subscribers 83.00

21 pages (gfigurrs, 2 tables)

Nonsubsmibers 86.00

l o w Temperature Thermodynamic Functions for n-Halogenated Hydrocarbons. Calculations were made with a digital com-

puter program for the series from methyl to n-propyl (GI-*). Thermodynamic functions for the next higher member nhalogenated hydrocarbons were determined using calculated, low temperature, incremental values of the methylene group. Agreement between computed results and available experimental values was satisfactory.

H. Kennedy and J . Lielmezs, Uniuersity of British Columbia

MS. 66-291

Subscribers 82.00

13 pages ( 6 figures, 4 tables)


Fluidization by Power-law Fluids. Equations have been developed for predicting the minimum fluidization velocity and the fluidized bed expansion using power-law fluids in the laminar flow region. These equations are compared with the experimental data.

Y.H. Yu, C. Y , Wen, and R . C. Bailie, West Virginia University

'

IOHF FullJet

with 10" flange

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'/G FullJet with %'' NPT inlet connection

Choice of capacities from 0.14 to 2130 GPM a t 20 psi. Choice of spray angles from 15" injector FullJet t o wide angle 120" FullJet. Choice of such materials as brass, steel, stainless steel, hard rubber and PVC. Other materials on special order. I

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Everything for spraying nozzles, spray guns strainers and accessories. For cornplet; information write f o r CATALOG 25.

SPRAYING

SYSTEMS

CO.

M S . 66-294 20pages (7figures, 4 tables)

Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubsmibers $4.00 (Continued on page 120) Circle No. 18

VOL. 5 8

on Readers'

NO. 9

Servics Card SEPTEMBER

1966

119

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RESEARCH R E S U L T S Nylon-Platinum Catalysts with Unusual Geometric and Selective Characteristics. Platinum was reacted with several

types of nylon, and activities and selectivities for hydrogenation of benzene were compared with platinum on an inert support. The striking differences are interpreted in terms of the geometric factor.

Douglas P. Harrison and Howard F. Rase, Uniaersily o j Texas

MS. 66-296

Subscribers $5.00

4 3 p a g e s ( J f g u r e s , 5 tables)


Reactions at 1000' to l2OO0 C. 1. Free Radical Combination Reactions Involving the Methyl Radical. Methyl radicals,

formed by pyrolysis of acetone or propane, combine with other free radicals at about 1000' C. With vinyl radicals, propylene is formed; with allyl radicals, butene-I ; with methallyl radicals, 2-methylbutene-1 ; and with benzyl radicals, ethylbenzene.

Eric J . Y . Scott, Mobil Oil Corporation

MS. 66-297

Subscribers 53.00

2 4 p a g e s ( 3 j g u r e s , 5 tables)

Nonsubscribers 96.0

Reactions at 1000°to 1200' C. 11. The Reaction of Alkanes with Toluene. Above 800' C., the main aromatic products

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CHECK THESE FEATURES b Wide choice of materials including Stellite ball and carbide jou rna I bearings.

b Standard cantilever construction assures easy insertion and positive alignment of rotor assemblies.

b Service-proved sustained accuracy i n measuring,

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b a t c h i n g , blending, a n d c o n t r o l l i n g flows of liquids or gases. Hermetically sealed pick-off coils for high relia. bility. Rotor assemblies are hydro-dynamically balanced (no thrust bearings),

from a propane-toluene mixture are ethylbenzene, formed initially by mutual combination of methyl and benzyl radicals, and styrene, from subsequent dehydrogenation. Methane, n-butane, and isobutane may be used instead of propane as sources of methyl radicals.

Eric J . Y. Scott, Mobil Oil Corporation

Ms. 66-298

Subscribers 53.00

25pages ($jgures, 5 tables)

~Vonsubscribers$6.00

Errors in published correlations and methods of estimating the actual coefficients are discussed. Calculations for two fluidized bed reactions show that particle-to-gas temperature difference is nearly always negligible, but significant temperature differences may exist between gas bubbles and the dense bed. Heat Transfer in Fluidized Beds.

Peter Harriott, Cornell University, and Leonard Barnstone, Esso Research and Engineering Company Ms. 66-299

Subscribers $1.00

lopages

h'onsubscribers $2.00

The reac2 Fe+2 4 H + ---t M n + 2 2 Fe+3 2 H20 tion M n 0 2 is shown to be diffusion-controlled; activation energy is 5.5 kcal. per mole. The reaction, very fast a t room temperature, is largely dependent on stirring speed. Rate depends on HzS04 concentration only at low concentration, and increases with FeS04 concentration. The Dissolution of MnOg in Waste Pickle Solution.

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F. Habashi, R. Beers, and G. A . Thurston, Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology

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Ms. 66-301

Brooks also offers a line of economical pulse totalizers and converters with various outputs. Model 4400 Pulse Totalizer is shown here.

l o p a g e s (4JTgures, I table)


The Effect of Dissolved Oxygen an the Redox Method for the Measurement of Mass Transfer Coefficients. With certain

precautions the electrochemical technique can be used to measure transfer coefficients in the presence of air. Coefficients measured with a 1-inch electrode at oxygen saturations below 50% are within l . G % of correct values for an operating time of 175 minutes.

A . M . Sutey and J . G. Knudsen, Oregon State University

MS.66-304 28 pages ( I 7 jgures, 7 table) Circle NOS. 50, 61

120

on Readers'

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