with migration of the indole moiety to any appreciable extent, then should be represented by 15.
to acknowledge stimulating discussions with Professor G. Buchi and Dr. F. A. Hochstein.
Acknowledgments.--\~e are greatly indebted to Professor K. Biemann for the determination and interpretation of the mass spectra. \Ye also wish
MEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES M. SCIIACH VOX \\’ITTESAU CHAS. P F I Z E R AND C O , INC. HANSELS GROTON, COSNECTICUT RECEIVEDSEPTEXBER 18, 1961
BOOK REVIEWS -______. -
properties is very readable; t h a t 011 semi-conductors is superior t o other parts of the book, doubtless because of t h e personal early involvemeiit of one of t h e authors; the pmctical problems associated with uranium are interestingly tliscussed. Honever, in general, one gathers the impres.;ioii (heightened by such justapositioiis as the tre:ittnent of radiation-affected silica gel catal>.st at the eiitl o f :I ch:il)tcr on alloys) t h a t thc authors have unselectively presented :ill they know. In cases where this reviewer has some personal acquaintance with details of the suhject n u t t e r , he is impressed by the errors, by the manner of their presentation and by strange omissions. Some startling statements include an o b i f e i dictum 011 radiation effects in organic solids ( p . S2), a curious presentation of the mechaiii.;xn of the Fricke dositneter (11. 9 l ) , ail extensive miscoiicepFion of the early history ot radiation damage studies ( p p . a, 395, 390), a n erroneous discussion 01 the application of heavy-charged-particle :iccelerators “in the early dal-s of t h e Manhattan Project” ( p . S S ) , and the expressed notion (11. 5 ) t h a t t h e terms “IX’igncr effect” and “discomposition,” both originally suggested b y this reviewer, are \vho~lysynonyinous. In view of the fact t h a t t h e book is couceriicd about tecliiiological niatters and does mention radiation-induced energy storage, o~nissionof all reference t o a possible thermal catastrophe, predictcti by Szilard and unhappily demonstrated a t lTindscale, is rather notable. The typography is excepticiiially good, with only minor examples of bad usage ( c f . 11. 225) and but very feir errors of spelling. It is unfortunate t h a t the name of \’an d e Graaff is misspelled in its only three appenrances in two different ways. Doubtless a second edition of this book !rill ultimately appear. When i t does, it will be iniproved by inany second thoughts of t h e authors. RADIATIOSLABORATORY V. BOEKELHEIDE UNIVERSITYOF XOTREDAXE XILTOS BCRTOS XOTREDAME,ISDIASA
Pyridine and its Derivatives. P a r t Two. Edited by ERWIN KLINGSBERG,American Cyanamid Company, Bound Brook, New Jersey. Interscience Publishers, Inc., 250 Fifth Avenue, New York 1, N. Y . 1961. x 576 pp. 1G.d X 23,5 cm. Price, $37.50; subscription price, 832.50. This is the second of a four volume series on pyridine in tlie over-all series on the “Chemistry of Heterocyclic C o n pounds” edited by Arnold TVeissberger. The pyridine volumes are edited by Erwin Klingsberg and t h e present volume contains chapters on Quaternary Pyridinium Conipounds and Pyridine N-Oxides by Elliot Shaw, Alkylpyridines and Arylpyridines by Leon Tenenbaum, Halopyridines by Holly Mertel, Organometallic Compounds of Pyridine by Harry Yale, arid Nitropyridines and Their Reduction Products b y Renat Mizzoni. T h e literature appears t o have been reviewed carefully through about 1957 with occasional references to work a s recent a s 1960. Xs indicated in Professor Lauer’s review of the first roluine, recently published in this Journal, the literature covering heterocyclic chemistry is expanding at such a Kite t h a t exhaustive revieir s of this nature are especially valuable and are gratefully received b y the practicing organic cheinist, even though gratitude is tempered by the high price tags attached to the volunics. Volume one in the pyridine series \vas especially impressive by the imaginative i r a y in which t h e over-all chemistry of pyridine and pyridine S-oxide iras handled. Xlthough t h e reviews in Volui~ietiro :ippear to have been prepared iii a thorough and competent fashion, the originality of approach present In volume one is missing. Se\-ertheless volume two is n valuable addition t o the reference library of anyone interested in pyridine chemistry.
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DEPARTXENT OF CHEMISTRY UNIVERSITY OF OREGON EUGESE, OREGOS
Radiation Damage in Solids. By DOUGLAS S.BILLINGTON and JAXES H. CRAWFORD,JR. Princeton University Press, Princeton, liew Jersey. 1961. xi 450 pp. 16 X 24 cm Price, $12.50. This book is a desirable addition t o any general library which contains much material on radiation effects. The suitability of its inclusion in a more limited, personal library is a matter of some question. The favorable features, a s well as inaiiy of the unfavorable, are summed up in the authors’ own preface. However, t h e unfavorable features do not appcar t o be recognized as such by t h e authors. After an introductory chapter, a theoretical survey prescnts in very condensed form the content and conclusions of several review articles. In its present position t h e theoretical presentation is insufficiently detailed for value (although it is a good guide t o t h e literature) and so terse as t o prove a stumhling block for t h e reader possessed of t h e tiotion t h a t it is desirable t o understauding of the remainder of t h e text. The balance of the book is rather spotty. Good, short essays of variable length are interspersed with material remindful of a class of annual review xhich attempts coverage of tlie suhject matter xvithout undue commitment by its autlior. T h e clinlitcr mi rclatioii b e t w e n structure arid
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Technique of Organic Chemistry. Volume I. Physical Methods of Organic Chemistry. P a r t 111. Third Cornpletely Revised and .4ugmented Edition. ARSOLDT’V’EISSBERGER, EDITOR.Interscience Publishers, Inc., 250 Fifth Avenue, New Uork 1, S. Y. 1960. xii 8-19 pp. 16 X 23 ctn. Price, 821.50.
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It is a striking indication of tlie growing dependence of organic chemistry upon tnr~re and more exotic physical techniques t h a t a new aud completely re-organized edition of this work should follow so soon the earlier edition. T h e volume a t hand is Part I11 of a new Volume I ; i t deals with some topics covered in the earlier Volume I, Parts I1 and 111, published in 1949 and 1954, respectively, together with some topics t h a t have come into prominence, with respect t o organic applications, in the intervening time. T h e various branches of optical spectroscopy are IIOW given expanded treatment in four clinpters entitled, Spectroscopy arid Spectrophotometry i l l ilie T-isible and Ultrariolct (West), Infrared Spectroscopy (Aiidersoii, \Yuodall nilti West), Colorimetry and Photoinetric A~iaIy.,is(IVest), a n d Determination of Fluorescence and Phosphorescencc (Wotherspoon and Oster). It is n question as to whetlicr in these rhapterq the nuthors 1i:ivc not effectrd rmiipronii.;e>
BOOKREVIEWS
s o v . 20, 1981
with respect t o rigor of t h e theoretical treatment, up-todateness of instrument design, or practical interpretation of d a t a t h a t fall short of achieving a minimum level of sophistication. The subject, Light Scattering, appears in wholly new form as a separate chapter (Oster). F o r organic chemists, the timeliness of the chapter, Optical Rotatory Dispersion (Klyne and Parker), will be a focal point of interest. T h e general discussion is very brief; most of the chapter is taken up with a survey of d a t a . The chapters Polarimetry (Heller and Fitts) and Streaming Birefringence (Scheraga and Signer) have been extensively revised and new chapters have been added on the Kerr Effect (Lefevre and Lefevre) and Determination of the Faraday Effect (W’aring and Custer). Altogether these five chapters provide more information on applications of polarized light than is available to the organic chemist in any other single source. T h e two concluding chapters, Measurement of Dielectric Constant and Loss (Powles and S m y t h ) arid Dipole Moments (Smyth), have changed little since the earlier edition. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY UXIVERSITY OF CHICAGO W. G. BROWN CHICAGO 37, ILLISOIS
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but little on microscopical methods), Resinography (12 pages) and on General and Industrial Microscopy. Chemical Microscopy occupies over 50 pages, with major reference t o precipitation reactions for a variety of drugs. The portion on morphology and birefringence avoids the correlation between these which is essential for intelligent and reliable description. For those who like t o read encyclopedias this oue should be fascinating, but the alphabet is a poor guide for systematic study. Eveu much digging about in t h e table of contents may lead t o very spotty information, as compared with what is accessible in fewer words, in more prosaic and orderly books. If the niicroscopist has studied these in his own field, then lie may find the “Encyclopedia” a valuable supplement on selected topics, and a suggestive sampling or preview of what is new or “far out” in the ever-expanding horizons of techniques applied t o ever-decreasing details of structure. SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL A N D ~IETALLURGICAL EXGINEERING C. N’. MASON CORNELL USIVERSITY ITHACA, NEW YORK
Proceedings of the Symposium on Active Networks and FeedbackSystems. New York, N. Y., April 19,20,21,1960. Microwave Research Institute Symposia Series. Volume X. Edited by JEROMEF o x Assistant Editor, MARTHA Les Reactions entre Ions Positifs et Molecules en Phase CROWELL Interscience Publishers, Inc., 250 Fifth Gazeuse. Application B la Chimie des Rayonnements. Avenue, S e w York 1, X Y. 1961. xxiv 658 pp. By J . ~ U R U P ,Docteur 6s Sciences. Gauthier-Yillars, 5.5, 15 5 X 23 cm Price, $8.00. quai des Grands Augustins, Paris VI, France. 1960. T8 pp. 15.5 X 24 cm. Price, broch6, 14 N f ; c a r t . , 17 S F It is a treat indeed t o find a nostalgic paper reminiscing ($3.75). about the early thoughts and developments in the field of I n this short monograph, the reader will find an interesting feedback amplifiers theory. It is especially welcome if it is authored by one of the communication field’s pioneering introduction t o the subject of ion-mclecule reactions. T h e theoreticians, H . LY. Bode. This article and two others early work, the experimental approaches and the quantum constitute a presentation of the state of the a r t and future and classical theories are revieived briefly. The bibliography extends t o the end of 1959. The available informa- trends in the proceedings of the symposium on Active Kettion concerning about two hundred reactions is summarized works and Feedback Systems. Bode’s article, “Feedback-The History of an Idea” and classified in a n extensive table. Applications to radiation chemistry are discussed in the last chapter. takes us back t o 1923 and discusses the need for distortionAbout one third of the book deals with theoretical confree repeaters which had existed in the telephone industry siderations mainly about energies and mechanisms. Endoat t h a t time and described Black’s early invention of feedback amplifiers which helped satisfy the need. The author thermic or highly exothermic processes are shown t o have low probabilities. The authnr develops interesting ideas then discusses the work of Nyquist and MacColl and others of his own without confusing his contributions with those of and views t h e wartime marriage of feedback amplifier others. theory and automatic control. He states t h a t “This marriage has lasted 20 years; perhaps a n amical divorce is in DEPARTMEST DE CHIMIE UNIVERSITELAVAL C. OUELLET order.” T h e remainder of the articles on Feedback Setworks a n d QUEBEC,CASADA Systems, however, do not indicate t h a t this divorce is imminent. I n fact, t h e only paper on the subject of adaptive control “ALT Appraisal and Critique of a Class of Adaptive T h e Encyclopedia of Microscopy. Edited by GEORGEL. Systems” by I. M. Horowitz seems t o indicate t h a t there CLARK, Research Professor of Analytical Chemistry, are a few cases where ordinary feedback is not just as effecEmeritus, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. Rein- tive as a much more costly and complex computer controlled hold Publishing Corporation, 430 Park Avenue, S e w or adaptive system. York 22, K,Y . 1961. xii 693 pp. 18 X 26 cm. Price, Some of Bode’s original work on multiloop feedback $25.00. amplifiers is very lucidly explained by J . H . Xuligan, J r . , This book is arranged in encyclopedia style, in double in terms of transistor amplifier models and general matrix parameters. I n the simple analysis of feedbac.k systems columns with 26 large topics and numerous subtopics in the unilateral “block box” is used. However. t u r a more alphabetic order, and with cross references under most of realistic approach non-reciprocal bilateral elements should these, but n-ith no index. be used. I n his article on “Signal Transniiisioli in S o n It reminds one of a gigantic symposium of symposia, with papers t h a t include reviews, some systematic and corre- reciprocal Systems,” he treats t h e concepts of return ratio and returii difference for a general system matrix and sliorvs lated developments in textbook style, and highly specialized reports on personal researches or novel instruments. As is the great utility of these ideas. Since many prows, control systems are multivariable, there is no doubt of the fruitinevitable in symposia, the level and scope of the papers fulness of applying these concepts in the analysis and s!mvary widely, and the allocation of space is certainly open t o question; for example, kidney ultrastructure gets as much as thesis of the control of multivariable systenis. Procehs control systems usually have ‘‘plants” which are distributed electron opsics! and 4 pages are devoted t o the ultrasonic in nature so t h a t non-rational transfer functions develop. absorption microscope,” a device which can detect a 2 5 p energy-absorbing discontinuity b u t is hardly a n image- I n particular, there is usually a distance velocity or dead former. period lag. A. Papoulis briefly treats this subject and gives T o a considerable degrec, the general emphasis is on stability limits. He apparently has ignored the great quan“appreciation” or potential application, rather t h a n cont i t y of material on this subject, since 110 bibliography npcrete techniques t h a t might be followed by the user. On t h e pears. other hand, there are many striking illustrations of microSince t h e introduction of the tuuiiel diode, negativc resistradiography and electron microscopy, somewhat slanted ance has become another basic active circuit element. in t h e direction of biology. T h e editor contributes about 15 Reports of research in this area constitute the main interpages on various topics. est of t h e group of papers concerning active networks. Clieinists will be interested in sections o n Lyophobic ColNon linear and time-varying systems constitute the l u i t l i (20 piges), Refmcto~nctry(40 pages, 247 refereiices, rcinaiiider of this collection of paper.;. The control engineer
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