Oct.,
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M l S T R Y .
1911
and pancreatin 0.25 gram, and digesting a t a temp. of 104' F. until one cc. of the digested fluid mixed with forty cc. water upon the addition of one cc. nitric acid conc. no longer gave any precipitate, within five minutes after addition of the acid. .4lbumin Pancreatin test commacerated pletely in acid. digested 1 hr. Per cent. in hrs. Hrs. 0.05 13/, . 0.15 13./4 . 0.25 13,' 0.30 0.35 UESTRUCTIVE .%CTIUN 'THE
4 hrs. IIrs,
...
... ,, ,
. .
3','&
24 hrs. i d a s s . 15 days. 4 u k s . 10 wks Hrs. Iirs. Hrs. Hrs. Hrs. lJ,'d
. . . .
lJ/4
2
id,,
21/~
6
5'/2
13/, 21,'*
3 3
5
3'/2
31/2
ACIDS .4SD ALKALIES U P O N THE PANCREATIN IN \ v A T E R S O L U T I O N .
13/&
. 4 M Y L O P S l N Ob
.........
100 cc.
.........
2 1 j 2 grams
A
ly destroyed Amylopsin completely destroyed
Hydrochloric acid 0.038 per cent. absolute 100 cc. Pancreatin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21/? grams 1/2 hour a t 100' F'. 1 hour a t 100' F 24 hours a t 70' F.
Required 4 hours for U. S . P . test Required 12 hours for U S.P. test Destroyed in 24 hours
Hydrochloric acid 0.095 per cent. absolute 100 cc. Pancreatin, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 / z grams 70' I hour a t 70' 1V2 hour a t 100' 1 hour a t 100' 1/2 hour a t
F. F. F. F.
Retained full activity Retained full activity Completely destroyed Completely destroyed
Hydrochloric acid 0.12i per cent. absolute Pancreatin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 / 2 hour a t
70' F .
1/2 hour a t 100' F.
100 cc. 21/2 grams
Nearly destroyed. Does not stand L-, S. P. test after 24 hours Completely destroyed
Hydrochloric acid 1.90 per cent. absolute Pancreatin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
100 cc. grams
21/2
Destroyed in 2 minutes Sodium carbonate anhydrous. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 gram Water., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 cc. 2'/? grams Pancreatin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 hour a t 70' F. 1 hour a t l o o o F.
Retained full activity Required 1/2 hour for U. S. P . test
Sodium carbonate anhydrous. . . . . . . . . . . . 0.125 gram Water.. .............................. 100 cc. Pancreatin.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21/? grams 1/2 hour a t 100' F. 1 hour a t 110' F. 1 hour a t 70' F.
Required 1/2 hour for U. S. P. test Required l ' / ~hours for U.S. P . test Required 20 minutes for U. S. P. test
Sodium carbonate anhydrous. Water. . . . . . . . . . . I hour a t 70' 1'. 1 hour a t 100' F.
. . . . . . . . . . . 0.25 gram . . . . . . . . . 100 cc.
Required 3./4 hour for U. S. P . test Completely destroyed
Sodium bicarbonate. . . . . . . . . Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pancreatin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 hour a t i o o F. Retained i t s f u l l activity Retained its full activity 1 hour a t 100' F.
...
...
4
OF
Acetic acid 8 . Pancreatin.. 1/2 hour a t 7 0 ° F 1/2 hour a t 100' F.
.,
41i2
lZ/,
. .
. . 2'/, grams
Sodium bicarbonate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.25 gram Water.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 cc. Pancreatin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,'? grams 1 hour a t 70' F. Retained i t s full activity 1/2 hour at 100' F. Required 112 hour for L: S. P. test
753
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.50 gram Water.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 cc. Pancreatin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21/2 grams 1 hour a t 70' F. Required 3/4 hour for r.S . I' t e s t 1 hour a t 100' 1.'. Completely destroyed Sodium bicarbonate..
Sodium bicarbonate.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, granis Water.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 cc. Pancreatin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71/? grams Kept a t 100' F. for 24 hours dmylopsin completely destroyed Trypsin actk-ity reduced a half Caustic soda " V 1 solution.. .
.......... 3
........................... Pancreatin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
cc
17 cc 0.25 grani
Destroyed trypsin and amylopsin in 15 minutcs a t 104' 1:. Hydrochloric acid 0.05per cent. . . . . . . . . 25 cc Pancreatin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 hours a t 70' F. Required BROOKLYN, N. Y., November, 1910.
41/2
hours to stand 1..S P. test
---_--
THE ASH CONTENT OF CAPSICUM. B y HARRYE. SINDALL.
Received July 25. 1911.
Since the Food and Drugs Act has become a law, Circular KO. 19, Office of the Secretary of Agriculture, on the Standards of Purity for Food Products, previously published, has received an added interest and importance, since i t serves as a guide t o the officials in charge of the enforcement of the law, as well as t o the manufactures of food products. I n view of this fact, and in fairness to all concerned, it is important that these standards be stringent enough t o exclude wilful adulteration or careless manufacture, and still not be too exacting to discriminate against pure products. Standards for manufactured articles are necessarily more or less arbitrary, as they must be based on honest commercial practice and custom, but standards for natural products are based on the analysis made of a great number of samples of the article in question, the more the better. The author does not intend t o criticize these standards, for, as a whole, they seem fair and just, b u t in some instances they seem hardly possible of attainment with the natural products in the market to-day. The spice grinders in particular have had many difficulties with the total and acid-insoluble ash of capsicum or red pepper. I n order to establish fair standards, i t is important t h a t all available data on undoubtedly pure samples should be published, and with this in view, the writer contributes the data tabulated below. The first five tables represent samples of large lots of capsicum, cleaned and ground in the factory, under the personal supervision of the writer, arranged by years to show annual variations. These samples are composites taken a t frequent intervals during grinding, and each one represents, as near as possible, the composition of about five hundred pounds of ground capsicum. The peppers in the first four tables contained practically no stems, while Table V is self-explanatory in this respect. The American Cayenne of Table VI was not sifted before grinding, to the knowledge of the author. In addition t o the above are given analyses of ground capsicum pur-
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y .
754
chased in open market during the present year. Although the writer cannot vouch for the care taken in cleaning the pods before grinding, it may be said t h a t these samples represent reputable houses only, and show the character of the better grade of ground capsicum on the Eastern market to-day. As a matter of interest are included a few analyses to show t h e nature of the refuse which is sifted from the pods in the millroom before grinding. The A. 0 . A. C. methods of analysis were used.
TABLE VII.-cOMMERCIAL SAMPLES PURCHASED I N 1911 .+cid-insoluAcid-insolu ble ash. Total ash ble a s h Total ash Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. 7.67 7 .70 6.15 6.30 6.48 6.46 5.47 7 .06
TABLEI.--GROUND I N 1909. Total ash Per cent 5.65 5.70 5.44 5.50 5.88 5 70 5.70 6.12 6.08 6.38 Aver.,
Acid- insoluble ash. Per cent
Total ash Per cent.
0.73 0.81 0.69 0.7.3 0.80 0.93 0.86 0.72 0.82 0.95
6.51 6.37 6.20 h .48 6 30 .6.20 6.28 6.59 7.14 7 .OO
~
~
5.81
0.80
TABLEII.-GROEND
Totdl ash. Per cent. 6.20 6.48 6.12 6.52 6.96 6.95 6.53 6.39 6.09 7.78
*
Acid-insolu. ble ash. Per cent. 0 65 0.68 0 75 0.73 0.64 0.70 0.72 0.67 0.73 0.60
6.60
IN
Aver..
6.96
0.92 0.89 0.75 0.81 0.77 0.77
5.86 5.91 6.52 5.64 6.22
Acid-insoluble ash. Per cent. 0.52 0.61 0.70 0.70 0.59
TABLEIV.-SxALL
0.87 Acid-insolit. blc ash. T'rr ccnt. 0.78 0.71 0.73 0.83 0.54 0.52 0.62 0 64 0.67 0.60 0.66
Total ash Per cent. 8 .os 7.95 'CABLE
V.-LARGE AFRICAN
POD
Acid-insoluble ash. Per cent.
6.30 6 .OO 5.93 5.79 5.85
0.56 0.63 0.55 0.45 0.52
'I'otal ash. Per cent. 6.54 6.51
(ABOUT
\Vith stems.
--
Total ash. Per cent. 7.84 7.88
Total ash. Per cent.
AFRICAS CHILLIES. G R O U N IDN 1911.
Acid-insoluble ash. Per cent. 2.17 2.21
Acid-insoluble ash. Per cent. 0.55 0.57
-
hcid-insoluble ash. Per cent. 0.82 0.86
2" LONG). GROUNDI N 1911.
XVithout stems.
Total ash. Per cent 6.04 6.20 6.10 6 20
-
Acid-insoluble ash. Per cent 0.96 1.10 0.44 0 51
TABLE vI.-.%hlSRICAN CAYENNE. Total ash. Per cent. 8.33 9 37 8.98 9.11 9.17
Acid-insoluble ash. Per cent 0.94 1.83 1.83 1.61 1.56
Total ash Per cent. 7.18 7.08 7 40 7 .37
0.56 0.69 0.66 0.54
__
6.72
Total a s h Per cent. 47.23 52.86
TABLEI I I . - G R o u N D I N 191 1 Total ash. Per cent.
0.Y6
7 .27
0.80
Aver,
TABLEV I I I . ---REFUSES w r m
-
0.68
L Y 6
I .OR
1910
'I'otal ash. Per cent. 6.55 6.66 6.94 6.70 6 64 6.73 6.58 6.80 8.43 7.60
~
Aver.,
Aver,
~
Aver., 6 . 5 0
0.82 0.78 0.90 0.94 1.11 1.14 0.79 0.63
5.45 7.01 7.46
hcid-insoluble ash. Per cent. 1.08 0.81 0.88
Acid-insoltible ash. Per cent. 1.33 1.52 0.58 0.57
Oct., 1 9 1 1
Acid-insoluble ash Per cent
36.97 39,57
FROM
7.33 6.35 8.86 6.88 7.35 7.26 7.43 6.25 6.87 7 .55 8.87 7.33 7.55
0.63 0.82 1.06 0.99 0.76 0.53 1.48 (1.72 1.04
.-
.-
7.37
0.89
0.76 1 ,n.?
0.49 1.36
PODSBEPORI; GRIXUINC:
*
