with the field will probably find aomething new; the reviewer was particularly intrigued with the estimation of the density of t,he mosquito population by isotope dilution of radioactive mosquitas, bred in P* and released to mix with wild ones. Besides the extensive discussions of the usual &tope techniques (with heavy emphasis on the tracing of genetic material, protein biosynthesis and metabolic pathways in general) there are sections on the chemistry and physics of isotopes, their methods of preparation, units of measure (curies, roentgens, atom percent excess), health hazards, and separation methods. Every single section of the book is highly recommended. Excellent references for further reading are appended to each chapter, and the material is right up-to-dateat least one reference to 1964, and many from 1962 were noted. Only one minor typographical error was observed. PETEROESPER Hahnemann Medieal College Philadelphia, Penmylvania
enoyclopedia particularly valuable since information of this type is difficult to find in the usual pure chemistry or chemical engineering literature. The topies range from scientific discussions of chromatography, colorimetry, and color photography to process descriptions of chlorine and industrial coatings to the mechanism of blood coagulation. The international flavor is retained, for example, in the extensive review of the properties and production of coal by a British author. Thus, the encyclopedia has continued its high standards of presenting valuable reference material and should he a standard item in a chemical library.
KBNNETE B. BISCHOFF University of Tezas Austin
Amperomelric Titralions
will save the researcher in the field many hours of literature searching. While this book was probrtbly not written primarily for use as s. college text, it is of sufficient value to be constant reference material, pmticularly on the graduate level. The rewewer feels that this work, especially section I, should be a part of the required readings for all advanced students of chemist,ry and should indeed be in the library of all chemists involved in analytical chemistry. From a nontechnical viewpoint, the book is well written with very few errata noted. While the latter section of the book is necessarily a compihtion of amperometric titration methods, and is not, therefore, the type of material which one sits down to read casually, the first section is a pleasure to read hoth casually and in depth. The aut,hor is to be commended for his contribution to the literature in the field of electroanalytied chemistry
John T . Stoek, University of Connecticut, Storm. Interscience Publishers (a division of John Wiley and Sans, Inc.), 730 pp. Figs. New York, 1965. xiv and tables. 16 X 23.5 em. 525.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee
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Stability Constants of Metal-Ion Complexes
Section 1, Inorganic Ligands, compiled by Lars G u n w Sill&, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. Section 2, Organic Ligands, compiled by Arthur E. Martell, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago. Special Publication, No. 17. The Chemical Society, Lon754 pp. Tables. don, 1964. xviii 19 X 25.5 cm. $23.
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This compilation of tables presents the stability constants of both inorganic and organic ligands as they are reported in the literature through 1960. A table for each ligmd lists the constant for each metallic ion, along with the method of determination, the temperature, the medium, and the original reference. An index of inorganic and organic ligands by name and an index of metals are included. An earlier version of this work was published in two volumes during 1957-58. This edition has been expanded to include some alder data omitted in the first publication and includes redox equilibria. and the extraction of inorganic ligands into nonbqueous solvents.
J. V. D.
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Volume 5, Chlorine to Colors F D and C
Anthony Standen, executive editor. Interscience Publishers ( a division of John Wiley and Sans, Inc.), New York, 1964. xiv 884 pp. Figs. and tables 19 X 27 cm. $35 (subscription); $45 (single copy).
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The present volume continues the puhlication of the second edition of this extensive encyclopedia. The topical coverage is even wider than in the first edition although the main emphasis is still on chemical processes. The emphasis makes the
John Stock has produced a volume filling the gap which has existed for some time in the literature covering electroanalytical chemistry. The fields of polarography and potentiometry have been well covered in the various excellent books available in these fields. However, until the present volume, the field of amperometry in this country has lacked a single comprehensive source book covering hoth the theory and applications of this widely used and often underrated analytical tool. Dr. St,ock has succeeded in plvducing a hook which will be considered a "must" on the bookshelf of all analytical chemist,^. The book is divided into essentially two sections. Section I deals with t,he principles, apparatus and general techniques requisite to the intelligent use of amperometry. The aut,hor has succeeded in presenting the subject matt,er in a fashion understandable to the neophyte and yet in enough depth to make it of interest to the "pro" in the field. Of special interest is the presentation of amperometry in all its various f o r m and the manner in which the relationship of amperometry to its close cousins, pobrography and potentiometry, is shown both mathematically and dkscriptively. The second section of the book is devoted to the applications of this technique to analytical chemistry problems, divided somewhat arbitrarily into two parts; the first dealing with the various precipitation and eomplexometric reactions and the second with the oxidation-reduction re-
most comprehensive and thorough review of amperometric methods published to date. Pasta of this will be of special interest to organic and biochemists since techniques are described for the amperometric titration of s. variety of organic compounds. The bibliography is especially good with world-wide coverage up to and including 1963. This feature alone
The Solvent Exlmction of Metal Chelates
Ji?i Star$, University of Prague. Edited by H. Irving, University of Leeds, England. MacmiUan Co. (8. Pergmnon Press book), New York, 1964. xiv 240 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. 98.50.
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Dr. Star$ has providedus with a volume on the liquid-liquid distribution of neutral metal chelate compounds and the factors influencing the formation and partition of these substances. The first of t,he six chapters is a very brief introduction to the Nernst distribution law and the properties of neutral metal chelates which make them subject to extraction. The second chapter treats the general association m d partition equilibria involved in chelate solvent, extraction, the treatment being patterned largely after the approaches of Rydberg and Irvins. The third chaoter discusses the influence of extraction system variables on the character of the extrsetions. Included artre the influences of acidity, of chelating agent concentration, acid dissociation constant, and partition coefficient, of the metal chelate diaeaciation constant and partition coefficient, of masking agents, of the organicsolvent, and of kinetic faotors. The fourth chapter describes severel analytical applications of the solvent extraet,ian of metal chelates. And the fifth chspter sets out the metal extracting charaeterist,ics of about 100 different chelating agents, some of them having been investigated with as many as 55 metsl ions. The sixth and final chapter claims to present the most selective prvcedures for the metal chelate solvent extraction isoletiom of 48 met,als. I n addition, there is an appendix giving acid dissociation constants and distribution eoefficjents for 51 ehelating agents. Over 1100 references are cited and the literature
Volume 42, Number
9, September 1965
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hut the major works are almost all ineluded. The index appears to be well done. This volume should be useful to analytical, iinorganio, and nuclear chemists who are interested in m e t d analysis, metal seoa~trations.and inormnic solution chemtsrry. In ~d,lition, the I*,ok will 1.c. v3lunItle fur supplrnwnrarv rr.ding a d rvfrrence in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in analytical and cuordination chemistry. The format, printing, binding, and paper of the volume are all quite acceptable. There donot seem to he many places where the proofreader has failed, hul a. few are evident (for example, on pages 106 and 101). Theauthor has correlated his material quite well and has dune a good job of indicating specific conditions in most. instances, s. very important thing in a. work of this sort. Only rarely does he slip up, one instance being his failure to indicate the reagent eoneent,ration in Figures 44 and 4.5. The theoretical treatment in the second chapter carries over some of the amhiguit,ies which t,he original papers of Rydherp contained. Also, having treated extractions theoretically in terms of plots of the logarithm of the total metal distribution coefficient. Star4 switches to plats of percenl metal extracted and uses them throughout most of the work. This makes the volume Less useful to a number of workers, particularly t,hose who are interested more in the theory than in specific applications. I n a compilative work of this sort, it is dmost inevit,ahle that there will appear wide variations in the aeeurncies of the many data presented. From the experience of the reviewer, however, it is felt that Star$ too often gives t,he impreasion of greater accuracy than is warranted by carrying too many apparently significant. figures. In too many cases, he cit,espH values to hundredths of a pH unit, and does likewise with certain equilibrium constanla. There are some things omitted by the author which the reviewer would like to have seen in the hook. One of these is the topicof d d u c t formstion by intentionellyintroduced addueting agents. Numerous separations are made possible by such procedures, theoretical insights regarding the character of extracting species are often yielded up, and a considerable literature on t,he subject exists. Another notable omission is the class of chelating agents consisting of the monobasic orgsnophosphittes, although the author may have excluded t,hese because of their somewhat unique combined dimerizrttion-chelation act,ion. Undoubtedly, there will be disagreements with Star4 concerning his choices in chapter six of t,he "most" selective procedures for many of the metals. Even so, he has provided some of the "more" selective ones. None of the above comments is meant to detract from the general value of the volome. They are only to alert the prospective reader and user. Dr. Star9 has supplied a very useful work by compiling and correlating s. vast amount of data. The reviewer recommends it to d l workers in the area. and to instructors in advanced
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Journol o f Chemicol Education
equations and oxidstion number. This chapter, while traditional in most aspects, introduces the oxidation number concept for the purpose of being "useful for predirtGEORGEK. SCEWEITZER ing the formulas for the products of CJninive~sityof Tanessee chemical reactions." This new use of the Knomille oxidation number concept d o n g with electrolysis is presented before oxidationreduction is considered. The chapter on Mole Concept and Stoichiometry has the following s e h o n headings in order: Moles of Atoms, The Elements of Chemistry Moles of Molecules, Moles of Ions, Lawraee P . Eblin, Ohio University, Molality, Effect of the Solute on the Athens. Harcourt, Brace, and World, Freeeing Point of the Solvent, Electro401 pp. Ino., New York, 1965. xi lytes, Charges of Ions and Formulas for Figs. and tables. 17 X 23.5 cm. $7.95. Ionic Compounds, Faradsy's Law of Electrolvsis. Avocadro's Number. Weicht The Elements of Chemistry in the ~ e l a t i o k ;n ~ i e m i c a l Reactions, InLabormtory complete Resotions, and Molmity. This assortment of topics is supposed to give vi 38 pp. Figures. 16 X 23 em bhe student an understanding of the conPaperbound. $3.50. cept of the mole. The freezing-pointr This text is intended primarily for s, onelowering experiment is used to determine semester or two-quarter, non-major course. t,he molalit,y before the liquid state is disThe author states "I have attempted to cussed and t,itratian of acids and bases is write in a style that the uninitiated can used to determine the molarity before understand and yet to deal adequately solutions are discussed. with the fundamentals." He further A chapter headed The Periodic Table states "The sequence of chapters has been lists with details many of the periodic carefullv olanned. as has the seauenee of relationships and how they correlate with t o p n wi;hirt &il I . h ~ p ~ , .'r . \ktrh this the table. A description is given of y r f n w , 1,111. s l ~ l l dq l e , I H d r v ~ l o p m e ~ ~electronic ~ energy levels, orbital notation, ~~iiuwrnuwt~titl nmcrln. whivla are uliliml and eleet,ronie configuration of the eleover and aver t,o give t,he student not only ments in eaeh of the seven oeriods. Howa feeling for chemistry but also an elementary working knowledge of how things happen in nabwe. chemical properties and no further use is The first two chapters attempt, using made in the book of the table or any of x historical approach, to give the student, t,he notation brought forth in this chapter. an introduction to the classical laws of Several of the new terms defined s l the ~.hemicalcombination, empirical formulas, end of this chapter illustrate the lack of molecular formulas, and chemical equam e of this new notation, for example, tions. The author's introduction and "Transition elements: theelements in the explanation of these concepts, including fourt,h and succeeding periods of the isotopes, without atomic structure results periodic table that have no counterparts in in a series of faet,ursl st,atements which the ser:ond and third periods." are not likely to lead to understanding. A complete analysis of this text would For example, the mass spectrograph is result in further evidence in support of the described as an instrument into which conclusions of this reviewer, which are: molecules "are admitted, given electrical the order of the chapters and their concharge, and these ions emerge into a tents, the order and selection of iopirs magnetic field which deflects heavy ions within a chapter, and the use of a new least." From his explanation of the mass terms secbion still leave a great deal for !he spectrograph the mthor concludes teacher to do before the student will "Atomic weight,: the weight of an average appreciate and understand chemistry. atom of an element on the scale C'a = 12 Most tearhers will want more help from a exactly." t,ext,book. I cannot recommend this text. Chapter 3, with the title Atoms, Ions and Subatomic Particles, consists of a Butler University ~eriesof topics ranging from Dobereiner's Indianapolis, Indiana Triads to electronegativity and types of chemical bonding. These topics may be connected in a way whieh promotes student understanding but it is not obvious The Discovery of Radioactivity to t,his reviewer. At the end of eaeh and Transmutation chapter is a list of new terms with their definitions, which do lit,tle to clear up the Edited and with commentary by dlfwd confusion. For example, a t the end of Rorner, St. Lawrence University, Chapter 3 there appears the following: Canton, New Yark. Classics of Science, "Ionization: the formation of ions; Volume 2. Dover Publications, Inc., the process of removing an electron from 233 DD. Fies. New York. 1964. xi an atom. (When cert,ain covalent camand tables. 13.5 x 21.5 ~4.'paperpounds are dissolved in appropriate bound. $1.65. solvents, ionization occurs through I n this second volume of Dover's chemical reactions)" and "Ionization Classice of Science series Alfred Fbmer has potential: the voltage required to remove an electron from an atom." gathered together 16 of the key papem in the search for the explanation of radioChapter 4 discusses acids, bases, and salts and includes, also, the topics of ionic a h v i t y . Together, they constitute as analytical and inorganic courses which include material on solvent extraction theory and procedures.
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