Β.T.U.
i&ec reports
digest T H R O W I N G LIGHT O N
HEAT TRANSFER PROBLEMS
The output of the few small scattered feed yeast producers in the United States usually goes to rural millers for mixing with ani mal feed. Recently, however, the Albers Milling Company, a forward-looking feed manufacturer and subsidiary of the Carna tion Company, has installed fermentation units at its Oakland and Los Angeles plants for growing torula yeast on sugar cane molasses. These are believed to be the only coimtiercial installa tions of their kind in the West, and possibly in the entire country.
Prepared b y THE WHITLOCK M A N U F A C T U R I N G
COMPANY
8 4 South St., E l m w o o d , H a r t f o r d 2 , C o n n . NEW YORK · C H I C A G O · BOSTON · P H I L A D E L P H I A · DETROIT · R I C H M O N D In Canada:
D A R L I N G BROS., LTD., Montreal
WHITLOCK Standardizes for Economy Flowmeter for Measuring Cul ture into Continuous Feed Mixer
A s an example o f W h i t l o c k Standard ization the construction of the ST H e a t Exchanger w i l l b e o f interest. A g o o d bit o f our engineering effort has been d e v o t e d t o standardization for the purpose of avoiding costly " s p e c i a l s " wherever possible. O n e o f the results o f this p r o gram is illustrated b y the w i d e range of Standard T y p e ST H e a t Exchangers now avai lable. The W h i t l o c k T y p e ST is a straighttube Heating head (split ring design) exchanger. Units are available i n 1 50 and 3 0 0 design pressures and can b e fur nished o f all-steel construction or w i t h steel shell a n d n o n ferrous tube b u n d l e construction, replacing many special, more costly unite.
Hawaiian cane molasses is pumped to a 500-gallon dairy pas teurizing vat along with a metered quantity of water. The mix ture is pasteurized at 150° F . for 20 minutes, then ammonium sulfate and phosphoric acid are added for yeast nutriment and pH adjustment. This wort passes through strainers but is not clari fied as in the production of baker's and food yeasts. The wort is metered into a fermentor which contains a pure culture of Torulopsis utilis. One hundred gallons of seed yeast culture (equivalent to 25 pounds of dry yeast) are used to inocu late the 400 gallons of wort in the fermentor. During several hours of vigorous aeration, molasses wort of high specific gravity is added periodically. Aqua ammonia is added to supply nitrogen and keep the pH at 5.0. Periodically, the wort is measured for yeast cell volume. When a predetermined value has been attained, the so-called continuous operation begins. At the end of each hour, 100 to 125 gallons of yeast culture are withdrawn, equivalent to the wort that has been added. The withdrawn culture goes to a storage tank where it is mixed with other microbiological products. Without further processing the liquid mixture can be added to poultry and rabbit feeds as a valuable vitamin and growth factor supplement. I t is possible that yeast need not be added to the feed of ruminants who syn thesize many of their own vitamins [IND. ENG. CHEM., 40, 7 A (March 1948)]. However, Albers is conducting feeding tests to see what benefits might result from a yeast enriched diet. Fortification of feeds with products of microbiological origin will probably develop far beyond its present limits. I t offers a means of supplying growth-promoting feed supplements which cannot be obtained economically or practically from other sources and which enhance the nutritional value of even the highest quality proprietary feeds. F.G.S.
T o d a y the reduction o f manufacturing costs is o f vital concern to a l l manufacturers, and standardization — whether partial or full — is a b i g step i n the direction of e c o n o m y . Standardiza t i o n helps reduce engineering costs, and also permits quantity purchasing — resulting in reduced material costs. Partial or w h o l e pre-fabrication o f major subassemblies, even with heavy weight heat exchangers, likewise means lower p r o d u c t i o n costs. Standardization o f the W h i t l o c k ST H e a t Exchanger now allows the a p p l i c a t i o n of l o w cost standard unite t o special and i n d i vidual operating c o n d i t i o n s , and greatly expedites deliveries. This is very important t o the customer since single unite, series of units, and replacement parts as w e l l , are available f o r early shipment. A P P L I C A T I O N S : The W h i t l o c k T y p e ST H e a t Exchanger of straight tube floating head design (split-ring assembly) has large scale a p p l i c a t i o n t o the t y p i c a l process heat transfer p r o b l e m . Whether t h e service calls for heating, c o o l i n g or condensing a n d whether the process Fluids have viscosity characteristics o f a light fraction or of a heavy tar, the unit has application because of its fundamental consideration o f thermal design details, mechanical characteristics a n d maintenance requirements.
WΗITLOCK DESIGNS end BUILDS Sonde • Coik · Condensers « C o o l e r s · H e e l exchangers H e a t » » * Piping * Pressure V**seU > Receiver· ». Rebefler*
18 A
