book reviews
"Radio Exploration of the Sun" by Alex 159 pages, $1.95; "MagG. Smith, viii netahydrodynilmics" by Noel C. Little, 122 pages, $1.95. vi
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revealed by the use of a polarizing microscope. The figures and diagrams are excellent. The Discovery of the Electron by David L. Anderson, vi 138 pages, 51.50. The ease history approach is used very effectively. I t starts with the earliest observations and models (theories), tells the cathode ray story completely and involves X rays and radioactivity. The chapter, The Atomicity of Electric Charge, reads like a good detective story. (Where else can one readily find tables of Milliken's original data?) The case is still left open-ended with comments on Dirac's ideas. The ample list of references is particularly well chosen.
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The Structure of Atomic'Nuclei by C. Sharp Cook, 142 pages, $1.50. Elementary Particles by David If. Frisch 153 pages, and Alan M. Thorndike, vi 51.75. These two are mentioned together because they will provide not only a very readable, but quite complete account of modern nuclear theory. In spite of the almost complete absence of quantum mechanics jargon, the various models of the nucleus and the forces that operate within it are not oversimplified to the point of distortion. It must have heen a. real challenge to the authors to write thus, and they met the challenge admirably. Both are 1964 copyrights, so the big events such as the overthrow of parity are described with a sense of excitement and the anticipation of constant refinement topresent theory.
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The Freezing of Supercooled Liquids by 145 pages, $1.95. Charles A. Knight, vi The t.it,le reallv means the formation of
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than a nod to the necessary thermodynamic arguments, the experiments and speculations of nucleation are clearly set forth. A final chapter suggests simple experiments and should open everyone's eyes to the fascination to be found in the freeaing of weter in nature. Other hooks in the present series are: "Infared Radiation" by Ivsn Simon, 119 pages, $1.50; "Polarized Light" by William A. Shorcliff and Stanley S. Ballard, 144 pages, $1.50; "Plasmas-l,ahoratory and Cosmic" by Forrest I. Boley, 1.54 pages, $1.75; "Radioactivity and It's Measurement" by Wilfrid B. Mann and S. B. Garfinkel, 168 pages, $1.75; "The World of High Pressure'' by John W. Stew197 pages, $1.95; "Waves and art, vi 135 Oscillations" by R. A. Waldron, vii pages, $1.75; "Radio Exploration of t,he Planetary System" by Alex G. Smith and 148 pages, $1.50; Thomas D. Cam, vi 152 "Magnets" hy L. W. McKeehan, vi pages, $1.75; "An Introduction to the Special Theory of Relativity" by Robert Kate, 132 pages, $1.50; "The Winds-The Origins and Behavior of Atmospheric Mo174 pages, tion" by George M. Hidy, vi 51.95; "The Physics of Musical Sound" by 165 pxges, $1.75; Jess J. Josephs, viii
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A436
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lournal of Chemical Education
WFK
Inorganic Syntheses, Volume 10
Earl L. Muelte~ties, Editor-&Chief. E. I. du Font de Nemours & Co. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, September, 1967. xiii 218pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $9.95.
vlrtuully uuiqur R,9H,..9-, w c r9i the most iymrnrtriral innI~rul,!rrryglcKalcs known. The rlrird and 1x.r d.w!,rcr .Gpp. j describes compounds of group V elements (N, P, and As). Highlighting the section on nitrogen compounds is 8. discussion of amino and imino derivatives of metals and metalloids, which features a number of boron-nitrogen ring compounds, including rt substance containing an eight-membered ring of alternating B and N atoms and
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f i e new annual publication policy of Inorganic Syntheses, Inc. is off to a flying start. This volume is the second to appear this year in the well-known series intended to "present the best independently tested methods for the synthes~sof inorganic compounds-made available by contributors from all over the world." The international character of this journal in hook form is no idle boast, for fully onefourth of the 24 contributions describing 58 compounds originate from countries other than the United States. The general argenization of the series is described in reviews of previous 38, A552 volumes [see J. CHEM.EDUC., (1961); 40, A530 (1963); 44, A354, 624 (1967)l. Precautions, always clearly indicated in the past by italics, are now rendered even more prominent by a special The practice of dividing the symbol volume into chapters based on the Mendeleev periodic classification is followed "in spirit but not in detail." The present volume consists of only three long chapters dealing with three main areas of inorganic chemistry that are of considerable current researehinterest. The first and longest chapter (79 pp.) describes syntheses of hoth simple and coordination compounds of the metals, with special emphasis on transition metals (Ti, Zr, Cr, Mo, Re, Co, Ni, Rh, Pd, Pt, and Eu). Included here are the newly discovered dithiolato metal complexes, whose trigonal prismetic structures have challenged the monopoly on hexacoordinate complexes previously held for seventy years by the octahedral configuration. Another compound of widespread interest is tris(triphenylphosphine)halorhodium(I), used es a catalyst for the homogeneous hydrogenation of olefins and acetylenes under subatmospheric pressures and at ambient temperatures. In addition to this compound, unusual oxidation states are also represented by chromium(I1) compounds, cesium cohalt(II1) durn, molyhdenum(1V) bromide, and europium(I1) sulfide. New syntheses of metal halides include those for Till (applicable to other iodides as well), MoBr4 (in which liquid bromine is hoth solvent and reactant), and Re3Bre (an interestingmotal cluster compound). The second chapter (47 pp.) deals extensively with the rapidly growing field of boron chemistry and provides for the first time efficient syntheses for relatively new and novel compounds of unusual structures. I n the longest contribution in the hook (28 pp.) we find icosshedrsl earboranes and carhametallic boron hydride sandwich compounds. The contribution on horme anions describes procedures for the synthesis of B3H8-, BltHa-, and the
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tetr&atktraho&ne. Phosphorus is represented by substituted difluoro- and dichlorophosphines and triphenylphosphine selenide, the latter being 8. compound of unknown toxicity. Arsenic is represented by arapid, twostep synthesis of the versatile bidentate ligand o-phenylenebis(dimethylamine). A variety of preparative techniques SIC employed, such as the use of non-aqueous solvents, vacuum systems, dry boxes, controlled inert atmospheres, low or high temperatures, electric discharge, electrolytic oxidation, dehydration by addoct formation, powerful reducing agents (LiAlH6, NaBH,, and NaH), and the Grignerd reaction. Almost d l the syntheses are new to the series; notable exceptions are improved methods .for the preparation of ehramium(I1) compounds and chromium(111)-amines. Many of the procedures are general methods applicable to related compounds. who are inReaders of THIS JOURNAL th~ip wrcirrrl primarily i n the st~irnld~ryof sy~1lie+.5ior ~nclwgrduareand grdtmte laboratory courses in inorganic chemistry should he warned that the majority of the procedures require elaborate equipment and the products or starting materials, particularly those in the lest two chapters, w e toxio. flammable. exolosive. ovrolower level courses with inexperienced students and limited facilities will not find many experiments suitable for their needs. Inasmuch as "Inorganic Syntheses" is not intended primarily for instructional use, this deficiency should not he construed as criticism of what is undoubtedly a. significant contribution to a most useful series. Dr. Muetterties, the first, editor-in:chief from an industrial rather than an academic laboratory, deserves especial kudos for his additional active roles as contributor and' checker:
B.KAUFFM.~N GEORGE California Slate College
Thermal Properties of Mower. Volume 2, Thermodynamics and Statistics: With Applications to Gases
Walter Kauzmann, Princeton University. W. A. Benjamin, Inc., New 327 pp. Yark, August 1967. xi Figs. and tables. 14.5 X 22 em. Clothbound, $8.50; paperbound, 53.95.
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This is a fine book. I t is the second volume in Professor Kausmann's pro(Continued a page A4S8)
book reviews jected three-volume series of "text-monographs" a n the thermal properties of ma& ter for modern, one-year introductory physical chemistry courses. "Thermodynamics and Statistics" has many excellent scientific and heuristic features. These are lucidly presented, in a style sometimes epigrammatic, sometimes chatty, but always unobtrusive and nicely suited to the purpose a t hand. The presentation is controlled and balanced, but never rigid. General derivations alternate with numerous interesting and illuminating specific examples. Important paints-the Second Law, Boltzmlann's distribution, chemical equilibrium, and Gihbs' paradox-are discussed from several points of view. Mathematics and well-designed figures re-enforce effectively the printed text. The book's physical layout expertly reflects the general plan of the work. Clear identification of important results and generous repetition of important equations add t o the pleasure and ease with which the book can be studied. An outstanding feature of the book is the large number of topics covered, comfortably, in depth, in relatively brief compass. In five chapters (Mathematical Background, The First Law, The Second Law, The Molecular Interpretation of Entropy, and The Free Energies and Their Application to Chemical Reactions Involving Gases) the author presents most of the high points of classical and statistical thermodynamics. Solutions are not covered in the present volume. I noticed no errors and would question, only, the practice in this country of suggesting that, unlike thermal and hydrostatic equilibrium, there am two conditions for chemical equilibrium, depending on whether the volume and temperature or the pressure and temperature of the system are held constant, when, in fact, far a system in thermal and hvdrostatie equilibrium with its wrnmndir~gs,I he r-i~psof rhnngr of the Helrnhnlr, a d G i l h rnergics with respcrr ro rlre dcgrcc of ndvat.ccnwnt of u chemical change in the system are equal. I s it not misleading, also, to represent this quantity, which has the units "calories per male," and the different quantity G (some final state) - G (some initial state), which has the units "calories," by the same symbol, AGf This question is not intended as a criticism peculiar to the present volume. Most wrlters on chemical thermodynamics, the reviewer included, have allowed the symbol "A" to assume two functions, without comment. Two special sections of relatively advanced-and optional, hut valuable-material not found in other texts a t this level are a n eighteen-page discussion near the beginning of the book on sound and shock waves and 8 section of similar length near the end on the development of classical and quantum statistics. Both sections are well-supplied-as are other sections of the hook-with graded, carefdly integrated exercises and problems. Altogether, the book contains over two hundred problems. These alone are worth the price of the book. Much useful information and many interesting ideas are
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Journal o f Chemical Education
packed into them. They are intellectually challenging yet algebraically usually relatively simple. Hints and answers are often given. Thus, the hook should find good use, not only in regular classroom courses but, also, in seminars and programs of independent study. Throughout, the author encourages the reader to develop an intuitive feeling for, as well as manip~dativefacility with, the equations of classical and statistical thermodynamics. Motivations, explanations, and justifications are sprinkled liberally through the text. Several strategically placed, carefully written passages on the genetic development of thermodynamics serve to stimulate the imagination while reason rests, momentarily. This hook should delight many students-and teaohers-f physical ehemistry. HENRYA. BENT Universitg of Minnesota Minneapolis
Mass Spectrometry of Olganic Compounds
Herbert Budrikiewicz, Technische Hachschule, Braunschweig; Carl Djermsi, Stanford University; and Dudley H. Williams, University Chemical Laboratory, Cambridge University. HoldenDay, Inc., San Francisco, August 1967. xv 690 pp. Figs. and tables. 19.5 X 26 cm. $17.95.
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"This hook brings together in remarkably clear and concise form essentially everything that is known about the ways in which organio molecules break up under electron impact. The material is presented in the language of the organic chemist. I t is carefully organized around functional groups for easy reference, and the pieces are tied together by numerous beautiful examples in which a well-defined reaction sequence is shown to operate in many classes of compounds containing similar controlling structural elements." The preceding paragraph is quoted from a review (S. Meyerson, Chem Eng. News, August 10, 1964, p. 54) of "Interpretation of Mass Spectra, of Organic Compounds," by the authors of the present volume, to which i t is every bit as applicable. The authors started out to revise the earlier book hut quickly discovered, in view of the huge growth of the literature in three and a half " v e m ., that revision meant nearlv total rewriting. Hence the change in title. This hook is the result of a remarkable feat of compilation and organization of results from a highly active field of research %Imost up to the very date of publication. The authors are in a particularly good position to ~ e r f a r mthis task hv virtue of direct. pipelines, largely througg their students and their students' students, to a substantial proportion of all the laboratories in the world with active programs in the field. A 4Bpage introduction defines in clear, simple language the state of the art: the questions involved in predicting spectra from structures and inferring structural features from spectra; useful, broad gen(Continued on page A440)
