book reviews rations of approximately 3000 molecules, usually illustrated with Fischer-type projection formulas (that use dashed- and wedge-bonds). Each page shows the configurational relationship of from 15-25 compounds and indicates the method used to establish the absolute configuration. The compounds are arranged in eight groups of tables: A, Fundamental Chiral Compounds; C, Carbohydrates; T, Terpenes (including Steroids); K, Alkaloids; Y, Miscellaneous Natural Products (not under T or K); D, Compounds with Chirality due to Isotopic Substitution (D-, T-, or O1s-suhstituted); X, Compounds Containing Chiral Axes, Planes, etc.; and Z, Compounds containing Chiral atoms other than Carbon (Si, Ge, N, P, As, S). The first group is subclassified depending on the number of carbon atoms directly attached to the chiral center. To illustrate, the first page contains 25 one-center compounds such as glyceraldehyde, lactic acid, alanine, and 2-butanol. The absolute configurations of most of the compounds have been established by chemical methods, hut can be related to tartaric acid (on a later page) whose configuration has been established by the absolute X-ray method. References to the methods are usually taken from the most recent literature (the coverage is through 1971). It is interesting to note, however, that the configurational relationship of (+)-tartaric acid to (+)-malic acid and (-)-glyceraldehyde cites the early studies of K. Freudenherg and A. Wohl who used their results to assign (+I-
A474 / Journal of Chemical Education
tartaric acid as a member of the D- and Lseries, respectively. It is doubtful that chemists will wish t o invest in this work for their own use (althounh ~f offered in paperback 11 mlght he conarderedj, but rt certamly can be rernmmended for llbrary purchase. Those who are engaged in research or teaching courses concerned with stereochemistry will find i t a useful reference. For instructional purposes, for example, the supplementary tables that indicate the sign of rotation of s series of hydrocarbons, RIRzRBCH, or alcohols, R,R&H(OH), might be consulted when discussing the effect of the nature of the substituents ahout the c h i d carbon on the optical rotation. The book also might serve as an outline guide to recent developments in stereachemistty. Section X, for example, not only indicates the absolute configuration of a number of metallocene compounds, hut also discusses how the (R,S)-system is applied t o these comoounds. The h i i k eoneludes with Formulae, Author, and Subject Indexes. ~~~~~~
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0. BBRrand Ramsay Eastern Michigan University Ypsiianti,Michigan 48197
Toplcs In Carbon-13 NMR SpactroscoPY
1.m). Gwrpe C., Florida State University, Tallahassee. Florida. .John Wiley & Sons, Inr., Sew York, 1974. x 292 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $17.50
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This is the fvst volume in a series devoted to various aspects of earhon-13 nuclear
magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy, and it includes six chapters written by individuals who have made important contributions to thisarea of nmr spectroscopy. Because ofthe rapid developments in 13Cnmr spectroscopy in recent years, this series will complement the two existing monographs which emphasize organic structural elucidations. In the first volume the chapters cover the gamut of topics and level of mathematical sophistication, ranging from a high-level theoretical discussion of 13Cchemical shielding to the use of '3C nmr as a probe of reaction mechanisms. The first chapter, which was written by R. Ditchfield and P. D. Ellis, presents the theory of chemical shielding with emphasis an W. Special attention is given t o a b initio calculations by finite perturbation theory and gauge invariant atomic orbitals. The results are compared with the experimental data. The second chapter by G. E. Maciel presents a qualitative description of substituent effects on '3C chemical shifts. The subsequent chapter by J. R. Lyerla, Jr. and G. C. Levy on 1% nuclear spin relaxation includes a brief review of the relaxation theory formalism,but i t is most useful for its emphasis on many recent applications of 13C relaxation measurements. The fourth chapter was written by J. Schaefer and treats the subject of carhon-13 nmr analysis of synthetic high polymers. This is an authoritative review of the applications of 13Cnmr techniques to the study of polymer configuration, sequence distribution, and dynamics. With a view to the future in this area the author includes a brief description of '3C moss-polarization experiments. In the
next chapter F. A. L. Anet presentsan interestlng dtscuaaion of the advantages and drsadvantages of high-fdd nmr. Of parrtcular merest is thedetakd exdanatlon ofwhv ''C nmr a t three-times the maenetic fielddoes " not necessarily give better results. The final chapter in this volume was written by J. B. Stathers and presents a detailed description of 'T nmr studies of reaction mechanisms and reactive intermediates Mlchael Barfield University of Arizona Tucson. Arirona 85721
Environmental Chemistry, Volume I
G.E g l i n l ~ n Seniur , Reporter A Specialist Repm fm thechemical Society. published by University Press, Belfast, North Ireland, 1975. 196 pp. xii. $7.
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This volume is the first of a series of hiennial reports on Environmental Chemistry prepared by a group of eleven reporters and a senior reporter. It attempts to summarize the published literature on this topic. The summaries are grouped in logical topics and presented in a ct,mprehenui\e and cohesive report. The toptea rowred include. "Stablr I w o n e Studies and Bldaeiral Cvclina," on^ chaoter. 22 oaeesl-an &count of Tsotooe disiributians of C, S, N, H, and 0 in various organic and mineral sources and their use in identifying pollution sources. Three chapters (85 pages) are devoted to the environmental
organic chemistry of major sources of water. The sources include rivers, lakes, marshes, swamps, oceans, and fjords. The major organic components, both dissolved and psrticulate are described together with decomposition pathways and products. One chapter (26 pages) describes the origin, fate, and reactions of hydrocarbons in the marine environment. A chapter (23 pages) is devoted t o the fate of DDT and PCB's in the oceans and the final chapter (31 pages) to the enviranmental organic chemistry of 2.4 dichlorophenaxyacetic acid. The book is well written and covers a numher of important topin well, introducing a subdrantial amount of hard science into the field. I t isdedicatedalmaot entirely touater pollution and completely ignores by design air pollution environmental problems. Numerous analytical techniques are described, which in themselves would also be valuable in the research lab. The book would be useful as a text for a course on environmental chemistry a t a graduate or senior level. Also it would provide a useful book for background information in environmental research. In summary, although the book is somewhat limited in scorn and occasionallv in depth, it provldes anarnple blbl~ograph;Ots P I connects the mfor o r ~ g ~ n nO l~ ~ W ~ I Yand l revoalmg format. mntum m n l o ~ , r aand J. W. Robinson Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
Energy. Volume I. Demands, Resources. Impact, Technology, and Pollcy (One of a Three-Volume Set of Lecture Notes). S. S. Penner and L. Icerrnan, University of California a t San Diego, La Jalla, California 92037. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, Massachusetts, 01867, 1974. xx 373 pp. Figs. and tables. 21.2 X 23.5 cm. Cloth, $14.50. Paperback, $8.50. This is an extraordinary book-not in the sense of beinga bookabout chemistry, which it is certainly not, hut of being a book that has more facts and figures per page than the Guinness Book of World Records. A more accurate title for this first volume of "lecture notes" in a planned trilogy would be "Energy-Facts and Figures," for of the 350 pages (soft cover edition) there are 120 tables and 90 figures, some of which extend over five pages, or an average of three tables or figures on every five pages. Indeed, only 150 pages are free from tables or figures; and with only 23 lines per page (direct photocopy reproduction) there is precious little critical discussion of any topic. Perhaps this is intentional. Thls iirst volume covers energy demands (Chapter 11in great detail tabout one.quanm of the hook, usin{: Jan Diego county a i an illustration, energy resources (Chapter 2) in almost as much detail, with further coverage intended in future volumes, and much shorter chapters on energy consumption, economics. utilization efficiencies.. eeoohvs.. , ioal mplicati
