Trace Inorganics In Water

INDEX A Absolute abundances of lanthanides 312 scandium 313 ytterbium 313 Acetylene—nitrous oxide 205 A1C1 , reaction of N a H P 0 with . 121 A. C. system, single beam 195 A. C. system, double beam 195 Activation energy 70,73,76,86-7 Adsorption, differential 42 Aging of ice 68 Air-acetylene burner 188 Alkaline hypobromite procedure . . 258 Alkalis 216 Aluminon 116 method 257 Aluminum 174,254,257,290 aluminon color development . . . 121 with fluoride, complexes of . . . . 110 hydroxide complex species 103 ion, aquo99 ion, dimeric aquo 100 phosphate complexes, soluble . . 122 and phosphate, interaction be tween 115 phosphate precipitate, composi tion of 119 polymers, hydroxy 117 solute complexes, structure of . . 99 species in water 98 with sulfate, complexes of . . . . 112 in water 134 Aminonaphtholsulfonic acid method 260 Ammonia analysis 164 Ammonia nitrogen 254,262,266-7 Ammonium chloropalladite 285 Ammonium pyrrofidene dithiocarbamate 248 Amplification reaction 22 Analysis of forms of nitrogen . . . . 269 Analysis of forms of phosphorus . . 274 Analysis of industrial waters by atomic absorption 247 Analysis of inorganics in water . . 253 Animal-feed water, iodide in . . . . 178 Anions in aqueous solution 18 Anodic stripping polarography . . . 176 Antimony 289 Apparent distribution coefficient . . 54 Apparent molar volume 13 Aquarium water 177 Aquo-aluminum ion 99

Downloaded by 37.230.212.75 on July 7, 2016 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: June 1, 1968 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1968-0073.ix001

3

2

4

Argon 208 Arsenic 174,254,289 Atlantic Ocean, lanthanides in the Central 322 Atomic absorption 20,183 analysis of industrial waters by . 247 extraction techniques for the de termination of cobalt, nickel, and lead in fresh water by 230 vs.flameemission 222 detection limit in 191 procedure 257 sensitivity in 191 spectral interferences in 186 spectroscopy, water analysis by . 236 Atomic fluorescence 216,223 flame spectrometry 326 Auto analyzer method 260 Automated microanalyses for total inorganic fixed nitrogen and for sulfate ion in water 164 Β

Bandpasses 218 Barium 205 content of sea water 296 Bathocuproine procedure 257 Bayerite, standard free energy for 109 Beer s law 225 Beryllium 254,289 Biological studies of manganese so lution 143 Biotite 131,139 Bismuth 174,289 Boron 254 Bromine 174 Brucine method, modified 260 Brucine techniques for nitrate de termination 271 Bulk interferences 190 Burner air-acetylene 188 diffusion 198 heated chamber 206 nitrous oxide and acetylene . . . . 188 Perkin-Elmer 201 premix 198,204,237 system criteria 198 total consumption 198,237 Cadmium

174,207,216, 223,248, 254,258,289

391

Baker; Trace Inorganics In Water Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1968.


392

T R A C E

Calcium 174,205 magnesium hollow cathode lamp 197 Carbonates 35, 82 Carbon dioxide 35 Cascade freeze concentration . . . . 157 Cathode-ray polarography 175 Cationic concentration by freezing 149 Cesium 217 Charge generator 38 Chemical interferences 189 Chemical shift 14 Chemical weathering of silicates . . 128 Chloranilic acid, salts of 21 Chloride ion 21,139 Chlorine 174 Chromium 205, 254, 259, 289 Chromotropic acid method 260 Clays, manganese and iron oxide content of 357 Cobalt 174,290,337 in fresh water by atomic absorp tion, extraction techniques for the determination of . . . 230 Colored double complex 23 Colorimetric molybdosilicate method 260 Colorimetric procedure using persulfate 258 Complexes of aluminum with fluo ride 110 Complexes of aluminum with sul fate 112 Concentration dependence of the distribution coefficient 55 Concentration readout 226 Conductivity in ice 67 Constitutional supercooling . . .57, 61, 63 Contact electrification 45 Contact potential 38 Conventional polarography 173 Copper . . . . 174, 247, 254, 257, 289, 337 zinc alloy reduction 164 Curcumin procedure 259 Curve straighteners, working . . . . 226 Cyanide 175 ion 20

D Damping 225 Debye dispersion 68 Desorption rates 376 Detection limits in atomic absorption 191 for different flame methods . . . . 333 Dielectric relaxation time 72 Differential adsorption 42 diffusion 57 ion incorporation .42, 51, 61, 70, 74, 81 Diffusion burner 198 Diffusion coefficient 50 of H F 83 Dimeric aquo aluminum ion 100

I N O R G A N I C S

I N

W A T E R

Dissociation constant 71 Dissolved load 140 Distilled water 179 Distribution coefficient 45,60,78 concentration dependence of the 55 of ionic solutes 52,61 orientation dependence of the . . 63 Dithizone method 258 Dorn effect 43 Double beam a.c. system 195 Double layer 36, 50

Ε Ebert-Fastie

220

146

E. coli

Effective distribution coefficient . . 46 Eh 338,353 Electric dispersion in ice 67 Electrical polarity of ice 36 Electrode contact resistance 82 Electrode resistance 83 Electrolytes, transport properties of 1 Electrostrictive structure-makers . . 9 Emission spectrographs methods . 281 Energy levels in ice 67 Erbium 174 Estuarine waters 265 Exchange reagents, solid phase ion 20 Excitation sources 329 Extraction techniques for the de termination of cobalt, nickel, and lead in fresh water by atomic absorption 230

F Falkenhagen equation Fixation mechanism Fixation rates Fixed nitrogen in water, automated microanalyses for total inor ganic Flame emission vs. atomic absorption spectroscopy, water analysis by Flame methods detection limits for different . . interferences with Flame spectrometry, atomic fluo rescence Flashback Fluorescence method Fluoride, complexes of aluminum with Fluoride ion Fluorine Formaldoxime procedure Free energy of Gibbsite Freeze concentration of inorganics Freezing, cationic concentration by Freezing currents


7 339 376 164 220 222 236 333 333 326 205 20 110 20 174 145 108 149 149 30

393

INDEX Freezing potential 28, 55 Fresh water by atomic absorption, extraction techniques for the determination of cobalt, nickel, and lead in 230

G Gallium Gibbsite crystal lattice Gibbsite, free energy of

174 101 108


H Hall-effect 89 Heated chamber burner 206 Heavy metals 338 HF, diffusion coefficient of 83 Hydrogen-ion distribution curves . 56 Hydroxyaluminum polymers 117 Heteropoly blue method 260 High-brightness lamps 215 Hollow cathode lamp 184,237 calcium-magnesium 197 Hollow cathodes, single element . . 208 Hydrochloric acid by anodic strip ping, analysis of 180 Hydrogen-air 237 Hydrogen—entrained-air flames, limits of detection in 330 Hydrous Mn and Fe oxides, sig nificant role of 337 Hydrophobic structure-makers . . . 10 Hydrous oxide control model 342 Hypolimnion 143

I Ice conductivity in dielectric dispersion in electrical polarity of energy levels in ionic defects in ionic mobility in lattice defects in liquid system, pH of the mechanical relaxation in NMR measurements in proton transfer in self-diffusion of water molecules in proton semiconductor model of structure interfacial valence defects in -water system Illite Indian Ocean, lanthanides in the . . Indium Indo-phenol ammonia test Inorganic fixed nitrogen in water, automated microanalyses for total

67 67 36 67 66 70 65 153 87 67 65 66 67 64 37 66 27 131 322 174 165 164

Inorganics freeze concentration of 149 in water analysis of 253 polarographic methods for trace 172 Interaction between aluminum and phosphate 115 Interface concentration 43, 56 distribution coefficient 45 morphology 44,47,63 potential 38 resistance 35, 43 states 39 Interfacial ice structure 37 Interferences 202 bulk 190 with flame methods 333 ionization 189 matrix 190 Interstitial migration of water 67 Iodide in animal-feed water 178 Iodide ion 20 Iodine 174 Ion association compounds, solvent extraction of 21 Ion conductivity 71 Ion exchange separation of lantha nides 312 Ionic crystals 46 Ionic defects in ice 66 Ionic distribution curves 46 Ionic mobilities 1 in ice 70 Ionic solutes, distribution coeffi cient of 61 Ion incorporation 33 Ionization interference 189 Ionized solutes, distribution coeffi cient 52 Ion mobility 82 Ion separation 61 Iron . . . 289,174, 209,247, 254, 257, 337 oxide content of clays, soils, sedi ments, and water 357 oxides, significant role of hy drous manganese and 337 J

Jones-Dole equation

6

Κ

Kaolinite Kemula-type electrode

L

131 180

Lamp calcium-magnesium hollow cath ode 197 hollow cathode 184, 237



394

T R A C E

Lamp (Continued) high-brightness 215 multi-element 210 Osram 216 vapor discharge 216 Lantnanide elements in sea water, neutron activation analysis of 308 Lanthanides absolute abundances of 312 in the Central Atlantic Ocean . . 322 in the Indian Ocean 322 ion exchange separation of 312 Lanthanum 290 Lattice defects 89 in ice 65 Lattice penetration . . . . . . . . . 339 Lead . . 174,207,209,247,254,259,289 in fresh water by atomic absorp tion, extraction techniques for the determination of . . 230 Ligand exchange reagents 20 Limits of detection in hydrogen—entrained-air flames 330 in oxyhydrogen flames 330 Liquid anion exchanger 22 Liquid system, p H of the i c e - . . . 153 Lithium 174 Littrow 220 M

Manganese 174,254,258,290,337 dioxide 143 and iron oxides, significant role of hydrous 337 oxide content of clays, soils, sedi ments and water 357 solution, biological studies of . . 143 Magnesium 174,254 Mass transport 140 Matrix interferences 190 Mechanical relaxation in ice 87 Mechanism of aluminum precipita tion 117 Melting potential 28 Mercury 216 Metallic element concentrations, de termination of 183 Methyl isobutyl ketone 248 Micronutrients 338 Microstructure in ice 64 Migration of water, interstitial . . . 67 Migration, vacancy 67 Mineral-water interaction 128 Modified brucine method 260 Molybdenum 205,290 blue 116 Monochromators 217 Multi-element lamps 210 Muscovite 131

I N O R G A N I C S

I N

W A T E R

Ν Natural waters, nitrogen and phos phorus i n 265 Neon 208 Nesslerization 261 Neutron activation analysis of lanthanide elements in sea water 308 Nickel 290 in fresh water by atomic absorp tion, extraction techniques for the determination of . . 230 Nickel 174,209,290,337 Nitrate 175,262,266 determination, brucine tech niques for 271 nitrogen 254,267,270 Nitrite 266 Nitrogen 267,269 Nitrogen ammonia 266 analysis of forms of 269 forms 267 preservation of 277 in natural waters 265 nitrate 270 nitrite 269 organic 266 soluble unoxidized 269 suspended organic 267 total kjeldahl 268 total unoxidized 267 in water, automated microanaly ses for total inorganic fixed 164 Nitrous oxide and acetylene burner 188 Nitrous oxide-acetylene 205 N M R measurements in ice 67 Nonabsorbable lines 217 Nonionized solutes 52 Nonpolarizing electrodes 83 Nonuniform freezing rates 54 Nutrients 265

Ο Oligoclase 131,139 Organic nitrogen 254,263,266 Orientation dependence of the dis tribution coefficient 63 Orthophosphate 272 Osram lamps 216 Oxyhydrogen flames, limits of de tection in 330 Oxide content of soils 376 Oxygen 174 Ρ

Palladium Particle size, growth in Perchlorate ion Perchloric acid digestions Periodate Perkin-Elmer burner Permanganate procedure P. fluorescens


288 119 21 276 22 201 258 146

395


INDEX

1,10-Phenanthroline procedure . . . 257 pH effects 371 pH of the ice-liquid system 153 Phosphate 21,261 Phosphate complexes, soluble aluminum 122 Phosphate, interaction between aluminum and 115 Phosphates 254 Phosphorus analysis, general scheme of . . . . 271 analysis of forms of 274 forms 271 preservation of 277 in natural waters 265 soluble 271 condensed 271 organic 271 ortho 271 suspended 271 total insoluble 276 total soluble 274 Photomultipliers 220 Polarograpnic methods for trace inorganics in water 172 Polarography anodic stripping 176 cathode-ray 175 conventional 173 pulse 173 Polynuclear complexing 103 Precision 237 Premix burner 198,204,237 Preservation methods 277 Preservation of nitrogen and phosphorus forms 277 Proton mobility 79 Proton semiconductor model of ice 67 Proton transfer in ice 65 Pulse polarography 173

Q Quartz

131

R Readout devices Reciprocal linear dispersion Relaxation time Resonance detectors Reverse solvent extraction Rubidium

225 219 77 221 22 217

S Sandwich electrodes 74, 83 Scandium, absolute abundances of 313 Sea water, neutron activation analysis of lanthanide elements in . . 308 Sea water, strontium and barium content of 296 Secondary double layer 43 Sediments, manganese and iron oxide content of 357

Selective electrodes 20 Selenium 20,175,207,254 Self-diffusion coefficient of H2O 84 of water molecules in ice 66 Sensitivity 237 in atomic absorption 191 Significant role or hydrous manganese and iron oxides 337 Silica 142,260 Silicate minerals 128 Silicates 254 chemical weathering of 128 Silver 207,254,258,290 Single beam a.c. system 195 Single element hollow cathodes . . 208 Slit width 219 Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate . . 248 Sodium and potassium 174 Soils, manganese and iron oxide content of 357 Soils, oxide content of 376 Solid phase ion exchange reagents 20 Soluble aluminum phosphate complexes 122 Soluble condensed phosphorus . . . 271 Soluble orthophosphate 266 Soluble orthophosphorus 271 Soluble organic pnosphorus 271 Soluble phosphorus 266,271 Soluble unoxidized nitrogen . . .267, 269 Solute partition 45 Solvent extraction 22 of ion association compounds . . 21 Sorption rates 376 Sources, excitation 329 Space charges 68 Specific conductance 154 Spectral interferences in atomic adsorption 186 Spectrographs method 257 emission 281 Standard free energy for bayerite 109 Stannous chloride method 260 Static dielectric constant 71 Staurolite 131 Stokes law 3 Strontium 205 content of sea water 296 Structured medium, water as a . . 1, 7 Structure breakers 10 Structure makers, electrostrictive . . 9 Structure makers, hydrophobic . . 10 Structure of aluminum solute complexes 99 Structure of water 61 Sulfate 175 complexes of aluminum with . . 112 ion 20 determination 168 in water, automated microanalyses for 164 Sulfur 174 Supercooled solutions 86


396

T R A C E

Surface conductivity Suspended load Suspended phosphorus Suspended organic nitrogen

84 140 271 267


Tellurium 180 Tetraalkylammonium cations . . . . 3 Tetraethanolammonium ion 13 Thallium 216 Thermodielectric effect 28,42 Thermoelectric effects in ice 89 Thioacetamide-precipitation proce dure for trace elements in water 281 Tin 174,205 Titanium 289 Total consumption burner 198, 237 Total insoluble phosphorus 276 Total kjeldahl nitrogen 268 Total soluble phosphorus 274 Total unoxidized nitrogen 267 Total phosphorus 266 Trace elements 259 in water, thioacetamide precipi tation procedure for 281 Trace inorganics in water, polarographic methods for 172 Transport properties of electrolytes 1

Vanadium Vapor discharge lamps Viscosity Β coefficient

W A T E R

174,254 216 6

Water analysis by atomic absorption and flame emission spectroscopy 236 analysis of inorganics in 253 composition 133 interaction, mineral128 manganese and iron oxide con tent of 357 as a structured medium 1,7 Watershed 129 Water-silicate reactions 136 Waters by atomic absorption, anal ysis of industrial 247 Water structure 1 Water, thioacetamide precipitation procedure for trace elements in 281 Weathering model 140 Weathering of silicates, chemical.. 128 Weathering reactions 138 Working curve straighteners 226 Workman-Reynolds effect 28,159

Y Yttrium, absolute abundances of . .

U 55 175

V Vacancy migration Valence defect in ice

I N

W

Τ

Uniform freezing rates Uranium

I N O R G A N I C S

67 70 66

313

Ζ Zeta potential Zinc

43 174,207,216,223, 247,254,289, 337 dibenzyl dithiocarbamate proce dure 257 Zirconium 174


Trace Inorganics In Water

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