JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION evidence and its clear delineation of the particular flaws and Radiation, in Neon; XIV. The Condensation and Evapolimitations thereof the student is spared the ez cathedra approach ration of Gas Molecules; XV. The Evaporation, Condensation, 80 often encountered, realizes more than is usually possible the and Reflection of Molecules and the Mechanism of Adsorption; tme validity of our information and concepts, and may even be XVI. The Evaporation of Atoms, Ions, and Electrons from stimulated to independent thought. I t is bard to read certain Caesium Films on Tungsten; XVII. The Mobility of Caesium portions of Pmfessor Wheland's book without trying to elaborate Atoms Adsorbed on Tungsten; and XVIII. Types of Valence. experimental solutions to some of the problems he indicates as A s may be seen from the list of chapter headings, some macurrently unanswered. Hisis unquestionably a more penetrating terial is included from nearly every one of the author's various and hence more stimulatine book thzn most of its tvne. Interest lines of researoh. This book is valuable for the reason, then, that " is heiehtened bv" freauent historical ~ mat,erial. ~ ~ r ~ r - ~mic . .~ - - many . ~ of these classic papers are collected under the same cover, ,- and nonulnr conceptions of historical priority are clarified in several instances. even though some of them are very well-known, and others conPossible criticisms of the book are for the most part trivial. tain disewsions which are now obsolete. The usual lucidity of the writing sometimes approaches verbosity, In spite of the rather flamboyant title, this book should he a and inconsequential meterid is occasionally developed in too valuable (if rather expensive) addition to the library of anyone painstaking detail. Considerable space is wasted in printing interested in a representative collection of papers by a leading and designating with Roman numerals the fomulas for simple scientific figure of our day. oraanic com~oundswhen the name alone would suffice. In some se&ons of the hook the number of illustrative examnles is P X P ~ siw, with nothing new a d d d i y the repetition. The owadonal use of It.trer~orher than X to dr4wstc nlkyl groups might prime confusing, nnd the use of simple hexngms, rlther than 1it.kule structures, to designate aromatic rings seems unfortunate since it requires the use of more cumbersome structural formulas for 0 VACUUM EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES cycloalhne derivatives. Remaining criticism is more from the A. Guthrie, Radiation Laboratory, University of CaliEdited by viewpoint of omission. The qualitative molecular orbital treab ment might profitably have been included in the chapter on fornia, Berkeley, California, and R. K. Wakeding. McGrawresonance which, incidentally, gives a somewhat over-optimistic Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1949. mii 264 pp. 102 figs. impression of the applicability of quantum mechanics to organic 25 tables. 16 X 24 om. $2.50. chemistry. More recent examples of steric effectsand s. discusTms book is Volume I, Division I, of the Nationd Nuclear sion of the steric inhibition of resonance might have added to the Engineering Series of the Manhattan Project Technical Section. treatment of steric phenomena. The question of orientation in It makes available the rather extensive experience gathered at the aromatic substitutions is largely ignored, as are, explicity a t least, University of California Radiation Laboratory in the course of the topics of structure and oolor, ultraviolet and mfrared spec- developing high vacuum equipment for use in the electro-magtroscopy, and detailed treatments of most modem physical meth- netic separation plants. The material presented by several auods of structural investigation. thors is arranged in an orderly fashion and will be of practical Organic chemistry is currently so broad that perhaps no single value to laboratory workers who are making use of this increaspoint of departure is adequate for a completely satisfactory treittr ing field of vacuum technology. Since a great deal of the dem a t . Thus, omissions and differences of opinion regarding scriptive practical material pertains to the larger scale vacuum desirable emphasis are probably inevitable in any text. It is systems, persons interested in industrial vacuum engineering will therefore to the author's credit that he has produced so logical find the book of great use also. and adequate a book from the classioal viewpoint of structure. I n the initial chapter by R. Loevinger, the basic theory of The excellence of Pmfessor Wheland's book is certain to insure vacuum practice is presented and the quantities which cbmacterits widespread use ns a single-volume advanced text.bmk of or- ize vacuum systems sre d e h e d snd related to one another. ganic chemistry. The elementary parts of a vscuum system are described and diso w e d by W. E. Bush in Chapter 2. Chapter 3, by K. M. WILLIAM A. BONNER Simpson, gives in detail the methods for measuring low pressures while materials and equipment for construction of vacuum s p tems are discussed by W. E. Bush in Chapter V. The final c h a p ter by R. Loevinger and A. Guthrie describes the methods for 0 PHENOMENA, ATOMS, AND MOLECULES trouble-shooting and maintaining vacuum systems. Appendices Inring Longmuir, General Eleotric Corparation, New York. contain a list of symbols, a summary of formulas useful in design of vacuum systems, physical properties of gases and vapors, a list Philosophical Library, Inc., New York, 1948. xi 436:pp. ing of mechanical m d diffusionpump oils together with their prop Dlustrated. IS X 23 cm. $10. erties, data on cold traps and drying agents, and miscelTHISbook is a collection of twenty papers which were published laneous vacuum materials and same solids and liquids encounby Langmuir since 1909. They have been assembled, in eighteen tered in vacuum practice. The selcctian of materials, its arrangement, and the many chapters, to f o m this very interesting volume. These chapters figures and tables will make this book very useful as a reference are: I. Science, Common Sense, and Decency; 11. Discussion of volume. Because of the background for the book, metal vacuum Science Legislation; 111. World Control of Atomic Energy; systems are emphasieed, as me fasbpumping systems. While IV. Surface Chemistry; V. The Constitution of Liquids; such systems comprise the largest bulk of the modern vscuum VI. The Distribution and Orientation of Molecules; VII. work, laboratory workers using small scale glass equipment may Atomic Hydrogen and an Aid to Industrial Research; VIII. not find much material that is of specific value. The book does Flames of Atomic Hydrogen; IX. The Dissociation of H y d m not have much to say about the various applications of vacuum gen into Atoms; X. Forces near the Surfaces of Molecules; practice but the many references, if used, will accomplish this end. XI. Isomorphism, Isosterism, and Covaleuce; XII. The JOHN P. HOWE Effects of Molecular DDissymmetry on Properties of Matter; GENWC ELBCIWC CO. XIII. Metastable Atoms and Electrons Produced by Resonance Kaoms A~olarcPowxa L~sosmonr.Scanrwr*o~.N e w Yonr
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