JOURNRL OF
Chemical Education: Software Abstract for Volume 7 C, Number 2 A Window on the Solid State I: Structures of Metals, 11: Unit Cells of Metals William R. Robinson Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907-1393 Christopher P. Saari Project SERAPHIM, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706-1396
A Window on the Solid State for Macintosh is a translation of a Windows program previously published by JCE: Softwan (1).Part I: Structures of Metals introduces the fourbasic structural types found in metals: hexagonal closest-packed, cubic closesbpacked, body-centered cubic, and simple cubic structures. These are introduced as stacks of close-packed planes of atoms in the hexagonal and cubic closest-packed structures, and stacks of less efficiently packed planes in the other two structures. In addition, Part I also introduces Laves's principle, wordination number, stackingof planes, efficiencyof packing, and how to draw the structures usingtwodimensional representations.
Comparison of layers in hexagonal close-packed and cubic closepacked structures from A Window on the Solid State. the undergraduate level. These programs emphasize the qualitative and geometric aspects of the structures presented. Although no numerical calculations are requested in these programs, students will be well prepared to tackle quantitative exercises by the information presented.
Videodisc Player Utility Programs Videodisc Browser 2.0 Jerrold J. Jacobsen Univeffiity of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706-1396
I1 Jstratlon snowlng tne numoeC of a t u m ucc-p) r q a ooo/-centered u n ~ ce t fromA W naorr, on me Su u Slaw
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Part II: Unit Cells of Metals discusses how to use a unit cell to describe a two-dimensional structure, then extends the concept to metals using the four basicunit cellsofthe metals. The relationships between radii ofthe metal atoms in the cubic structures A d the cell dimensions are developed. Students are also introduced to counting the number of atoms in a unit cell. Pseudo-animation is particularly effectivein illnstrating the fractions of atoms that lie in the various unit cells. Two venions of each part are provided. One is a student tutorial that allows a student to work through the material a t herhis own pace. This version requires students to identify or predict structural features and includes pop-up boxes that confirm or correct choices. Hot words are used to link ideas and provide definitions. The other version is designed to he used in lecture demonstration; it contains all graphics and summary statements from the tutorial nroeram. but is less interactive. ~ i t vkrsious h are intended as supplements to a n introductory mesentation. either a t the general chemistry level or a t the first introdktion of the h c t u r e s of metals a t 814
Journal of Chemical Education
The great strength of videodiscs for education is that they provide quick, random access to a large number of short video clips and images. However, the amount of material available can make it difficult to find the particular video clip or image that is needed. Computer control of the videodisc player can help by providing more convenient search capabilities and controlling video playback with the click of an on-screen button. Videodisc Browser 2.0 takes computerized videodisc control one step further by providing manv descri~tionsand wints of view of a videodisc. each design& for a'different way you can use video. It e& he used with any videodisc for which descriptive data are available and can he customized to meet individual needs. Videodisc Browser 2.0 automatically recognizes three JCE: Software videodiscs, The Periodic Table, ChemDemos, and Titration Techniques (2,3, 4). As new videodiscs are released by JCE: Software, text files allowing similar control capabilities will be developed for them.
Lesson Manager for Demonstrations in Organic Chemistry Videodisc Gary L. Trammell Scott Grlssom Sangarnon State Univerrity Springfield, lL 62794-9243 Lesson Manager for Demonstrations in Organic Chemistry Videodisc is a Hypercard (5)stack designed to enable high school and college chemistry teachers to have easy access to selections from.the Demonstrations in Organic Chemistry Videodisc (6). It enables selection of video seg-
ments by chapter title or topic. A unique feature of this stack is a lesson manager that allows a related group of demonstrations to be stored for easy access during a lecture. A study of teachers and students using software to control videodisc players revealed that some users were confused by the large number of small buttons and said they bad problems using the software in the classroom. To solve this problem, controls have been designed to be easy to use in low lighting situations. Advanced features that are seldom used and might create confusion for occasional users are intentionally not provided. Description cards give a summary of each demonstration with appropriate equations. Frame numbers, remote controls and barcode readers are no longer necessarv in the classroom because demonstrations are selected by &king on titles. Boldfaced phrases within each demonstration description are clicked to play specific subsections. This is especially useful when the entire demonstration is not desired.
Lesson Planner for Demonstrations in Organic Chemistry Videodisc Todd Surovell Project SERAPHIM, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706-1396 ~~~
Lesson Planner is a Microsoft Excel (7)macro that eenerates barcodes for video included on the ~ e m o n s t r a c o n s in Organic Chemistry videodisc (6).I t allows instructors who do not have computer control capability for their videodisc player, but do have a barcode reader, to prepare customized lessons for use in the classroom or laboratory. There is no need to flip through pages in the documentaof barcodes and physically tion manual or photocopy cut and paste them to follow your lecture notes. Lesson Planner includes a complete list of the demonstrations and all sections and subsections included on the videodisc. You simply select the entire demos, sections, or subsections of demos you want to include in your presentation and add them to a lesson list with a mouse click. Lesson Planner generates a list of your selections with barcodes to access the correct video frames. Simnlv . "nrint a c o ~ vof the lesson on a laser printer and you are ready to go. A
About This lssue John W. Moore, Editor Nancy S. Gettys, Technical Editor University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wi 53706 This issue contains four programs, A Window on the Solid State for Macintosh, Videodisc Browser 2.0, Lesson Manager, and Lesson Planner. The first is a Macintosh translation of a popular Windows program. A Window on the Solid State provides interactive graphics to illustrate the fundamental principles of a n essential area of chemistry. Understanding the extended structures of solids is fundamental to understanding the behavior of matter. Most everyday substances are solids with extended structures: metals, ionic compounds in rocks and minerals, and semiconductors, for example. The presentation of the structural features of solids with extended structures challenges even the experienced instructor. A Window on the Solid State makes it easv for instructors to nresent and students to interact with the principles of solid-'state structure. Three videodisc utility programs are also in this issue. Xdeodisc Browser can be used to provide computer controlled access to any videodisc with the proper data file. I t is s u p
Dlied with data to allow vou to control three JCE: S o h a r e hdeodises: The Periodic "'hble, ChemDemos, and ~ i i r a t i o n Techniques (2, 3, 4).Data will be supplied with future videodiscs to allow computer control. A Windows version of this program will be available in Volume 3 D, Number 2 of JCE: Software, to be published in late 1995.Lesson Manager and Lesson Planner, which work only with the Demonstrations in Organic Chemistry videodisc (61, can be used very effectivelyin combination. If you do not have computer control capability, you can use Lesson Manager to scan the contents of the disk, reading about each demonstration. You can saguse this information to decide what demonstrations - or ments of demonstrations you want to include in your lesson, and then construct the barcode list with Lesson Planner.
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Hardware Reauirements Software in Series C of JCE: Software requires an Apple 2 MB RAM. a hard drive. and a Macintosh c o m ~ u t ewith r SuperDrive floppy disk drive. system software "ersion 6.0.7 or later is required. If you are running System 7 or MultiFinder, a t least 4 MB of RAM is required. There are additional requirements a s noted below: A window on the Solid State Mae I1 or better; 13 in. or larger color monitor; 2 MB RAM in excess of system requirements; System 7 Videodisc Browser 2.0 Macintosh with 13 in. or larger monitor Lesson Manager Hypercard or Hypercard Player 2.0or higher Lesson Planner MS Excel 3.0 or higher; 13 in. or larger monitor; laser printer; videodisc player with barcode scanner and TV monitor For comauter control of a videodisc olaver A ~evef3.CAV videodisc laver connected v k r cornnutfir
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and LD-V8000;Sony LDP series players. A monitor, such as a television set, to view the video
Citations 1. Robinson, W. R, "A Wmdow on the Solid State",J C b m Educ: S o h , 1994.2 D, (1). 2. B a h . A J.The Penodic Table Videodisc, 2nd ed.,J. CChm Educ: Sopwarn, 1199. SP-l.2add. 3. ChemDemos V~deodiac,J. Chem. Educ:So,Qworn, 1995, SP.8. 4. Titration 'kchniques Videodisc, J C k m . Educ: Sofilunm, 1895, SP-9: in press. 5. HyperCard. Clsrir Corporation, Santa Clara, CA95062. 6. Demonstration8 in Organic Chemistry, J. CChm Educ.: S o f b o n , I W , SP.6. 7 . MiuosoR Exeel, MiuosoP. Corporation, One MicroaoR Way, Redmond, WA98052.
Acknowledgment A Window on the Solid State was written while the author was on sabbatical leave a s a 1992-93 SERAPHIM Fellow with Project SERAPHIM a t the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The support of Purdue University and the National Science Foundation through g r a n t # MDR9154099 is greatly appreciated.
To Orcler This lssue Journal of Chemical Education: Somare (oflen called JCE: Software)is a publication of the Journal of Chemical Education. There is an Order Form card on the inside back cover of this issue. If this card is not available, contact: JCE: Software, University Of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1396;Phone: 6081262-5153;FAX: 608R62-0381;E-mail:
[email protected].
Electronic Delivery of Information Information about any of our issues (including abstracts, descriptions, updates, etc.) is also available on Internet Gopher: jchemed.chem.wisc.edu and on our World Wide Web site using a browser such a s Netscape or Mosaic at: http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu.: Volume 72 Number 9 September 1995
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