196
T H E J 0 L - R - T A L OF I h ' D U S T R I A L AiVD E N G I , V E E R I S G C H E J I I S T R Y .
estimated a t thirteen million dollars U. S.gold, and the flour mills a t eight million dollars. Consul A. A. Winslow, of Valparaiso, reports that much a t tention is being given to the production of wood pulp in Chili, and it is understood that the Government is ready to encourage theydevelopment of the industry, which seems likely to be of considerable commercial importance as there is an abundance of the raw material suitable for production of wood pulp. Consul Augustus Ingram, of Bradford, Eng., reports that the City Council in Bradford has authorized the expenditure of $155,000 for the installation of vertical retorts in the city gas works. The verical retorts have been widely adopted in Germany during the last few years, but Bradford is one of the first cities in England to adopt the system. The S'avanger Electro-Staalverk Co. is being organized, capital $~zo,ooo,to establish a plant for making high-grade steel electrically, using a process similar to thqt now used in Dommarfvet, Sweden, and elsewhere. The new company plans to take over the plant of the Stavanger Skibs-Ophugnings Co., and continue purchasing and breaking up old steel and iron vessels. The company will also secure raw materials from other sources and instal modern machinery for making fine quality steel. The new plant is being located a t the near-by village of Jorpeland, where electric power has been secured a t $6.70 per horse-power per year for the first 1,500horse-power and $5.35 for 1,000 more horse-power delivered a t the power shaft; 10,000 horse-power will be available when needed. The full yearly capacity of the plant will be 1,400 tons highgrade steel billets, 600 tons steel castings, 300 tons hammered steel, and j o o tons refuse for smelting.
;oo,ooo rubber trees are growing on the island of Trinidad, and the number will be greatly increased during the next few years.
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. Mar., 191 r
mated. The annual export of manufactures of cotton, valued a t approximately $500,000,000,constitute nearly one-fourth of the entire $~,~80,000,000exports of the Kingdom. I n addition to the exports the mills supply for home consumption cloths to the value of approximately $1oo,o00,000annually.
WAGES OF UNSKILLED LABOR I N GERMANY. According to a report published by the Imperial 0,4;cial Journal, the average daily wages paid unskilled adult male laborers during the year 1910in the following cities, each having a present population of ~00,000 or more, as compared with t h e average wages paid during the year 1893, were as follows: Cities
1893.
.......................... ..........................
Charlo ttenburg ...................... Rixdorf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.......................
.......................
Stuttgart . . . . . . . . . . . Hamburg. . . . . . . . . . Frankfort. . , . . , , , , . . . . . . Nurnberg ............................. Essen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dresden. . . . . . .
.
Cologne. ............................. Duisburg ............................. Bre .... ....... Kie ....................... Bre ....................... Hanover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magdeburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.......................
Chemnitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stettin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4verage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$0,547 0.643 0.595 0.571 0.476 0.571 0.595 0.619 0.596 0.524, 0.571 0,595 0.476 0.595 0.571 0.714 0.643 0.476 0.571 0.476 0,595 0.524 0,536
__
0.596
1910.
s 0,880 0.857 0.857 0.857 0.833 0.833 0.833 0.809 0.809 0.809 0.809 0,785 0.785 0.774 0.774 0.762 0.762 0.714 0.714 0.714 0.655 0.595 0.595
0.774
WORLD'S TIN SUPPLY. (From advance chapters of Geological Survey publications.)
Recovery of tin from tin scrap, used tin cans, old tin pipe, worn driving-box linings, drosses, old solder, bronze, sweepings, etc., in the United States is increasing. From these materials the recovery of tin is commonplace and expected except from used tin cans; in them the loss of tin is enormous. The tin recovered during 1909 as tin amounted to 2,423 short tons; i n Consul C. A. Miller reports a shipment of 30,000 barrels of the form of alloys, such as solder, babbit metal, bronze, etc., asphalt from Tampilto to Canada. 3,092 tons; a total of 5,515 tons, equal to more than one-ninth I n the annual financial survey published by the Toronto of the tin imported into the United States and worth $3,281,425. (Canada) Globe, Mr. Alexander Gray estimates the silver shipped Besides the money value involved, the world's tin resources b y the mines in the cobalt district of Ontario in 1910a t 28,- were increased by so puch-a very real conservation. 5oo,000 ounces, valued a t $14,500,000. I n 1909 the oufput was The world's supply of tin for the years 1907, 1908,and 1909, 25,897,825 ounces, worth $12,461,576,and in 1908 the proas shown by total shipments and sales from various countries, duction amounted to 19,437,875ounces, valued a t $9,133,378. was approximately as follows: 1907. 1908. 1909. Total shipments: 'Tons. Tons. Tons. The quantity of asphalt taken from Pitch Lake, which covers Straits Settlements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,800 67,760 65,459 a n area of IOO acres, during 1910 exceeded that of any previous Austria, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,112 6,552 5,992 year. At the present rate of 'operation the surface level is Bolivia.. ....................... 17,136 19,040 23,523 lowered about 6 inches a year. The depth of the deposit of South Africa.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,904 916 China. . . . . . . . . . . 224 ... ... asphalt over the center of the lake is unknown, as it cannot .. 12,197 12,880 12,992 be sounded by rods, but the supply is supposed to equal the Bank sales in Holland 2,408 2,465 2 465 demand for many years; possibly i t is inexhaustible. Production in Cornwa ....... 5,488 6,048 5,802 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,365 116,649 117,149 The cotton spindles of the world number roundly 134,000,0oo, of which about 54,000,ooo are in the United Kingdom, and a INCREASING GUAYULE RUBBER SHIPMENTS FROM large proportion of these are in Lancastershire and sections MEXICO. immediately adjacent. The magnitude of England's cotton Consul Wilbert I,. Bonney reports that the declared exports industry is amazing and its importance to the maintenance of her commercial supremacy and to the great prosperity and wel- of Mexican products aia San Luis Potosi to the United States amounted to $4,395,384in 1910,a n increase of 29 per cent. fare of the people of the entire Kingdom can not be overestiThe importation of foreign sugar into India for the first ten months of 1910 amounted to 6,182,570pounds compared with 4,540,292pounds for the same period in 1909.
