ACS
NEWS
SYMPOSIUM ON DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL ATTITUDES
Educating for Professional Responsibility Dr. William A. Wosher, chairman of the department of chemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Del. Educating for responsibility and its problems may be resolved through an educational process. The biggest problem is to know what is expected of the chemist, but even that does not tell the professor exactly how the job should be done. If there is anything peculiar to the professor, it is his complete insistence on independence. He will not accept from anyone any dictation as to exactly what he shall teach. He does, however, want to know as much as he can about the demands which are going to be placed upon those whom he teaches. You might say, in essence, that the employer is concerned with someone who can do a job right now, a particular type of job, whereas the professor, who considers himself somewhat the guardian of the future as well as the purveyor of the past, is concerned with somewhat broader horizons. We see a conflict of this sort quite frequently in discussions of American Chemical Society publications. I am sure there are many who abhor the great amount of detail which accumulates monthly in our scientific journals. You say, "This is of no importance to me. Why can't this sort of thing be relegated to some other type of publication, or why can't it be eliminated entirely?" The editor of a journal has a responsibility not only of giving information for today, but he also has the responsibility of safeguarding information for the future. So it is with our universities. In the communist countries education has become the chief tool of the communist system. This, of course, is something that we must not allow to happen in this country. When education becomes a service of the community or of a particular occupation or profession, then we may lose some 98
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of our freedoms. It is much better that our educational process continue with a great degree of independence. On the other hand, there must be some attempt at coordination, some attempt to fit the product to the actual job as well as possible. U.S. Education. Education in the U.S. is a rather remarkable thing. It certainly is the reason we have come to our present state. Public education is one of the greatest factors in our present economy and our present prosperity. American education is an extremely broad education. It covers a great spectrum. If we compare the product of the American system with the product of the European system, we usually find that whereas the European system runs from superior down to very good, the product of the American system runs from superior down to plain lousy. Some of you as professional chemists deplore the fact that people can graduate from American colleges and universities who are not professionally competent or whose professional competence is at a very low level. This is the nature of our system. In the European system where the number of spots in the university are very limited with respect to the number of people in the community, there is a very high degree of selection through competitive examinations. The American picture is that every child should have as much education as he can possible assimilate. Of course, we come into the question of status again, the fact that there is a great deal of status now associated with having gone to college. It is sort of like having loved and lost—to go to college and get thrown out is still better than having not gone to college at all. Most of us in our universities do not
have complete control. We can't very well tell a student, "You shouldn't be a chemist. We are not going to let you be a chemist. We are going to throw you out because we don't think you have the proper professional attitude. We don't think you will workout well in a chemical environment." If the boy takes the courses laid down by the faculty and gets the prescribed grades, which is a "C" average, there isn't a thing we can do about it. At the master's level and at the doctor's level this is, of course, a different question. Many universities, however, will graduate a number of Ph.D.'s every year that personnel men may turn up their nose at and say, "We don't like this boy. He may be very smart but we don't think he is going to fit very well into our organization." Again, we don't give Ph.D.'s on the basis of the personality of the individual or the way he parts his hair. We give a Ph.D. on the basis of the quality of work which the individual has been able to do in examinations, in courses, and in his individual research effort. This, of course, gives a somewhat different character to the American chemical profession than you find in certain other parts of the world. This again has been a great advantage When you go to many European countries you find that they have a very small, very select, highly professional, highly scientifically-motivated group of people in the chemical profession. There are laboratory aides and there are superior scientists. In our country \vc have the superior scientists, we have the laboratory aides, and we have a great spectrum of abilities, personalities, and characteristics which lie in between. I suspect the great advances of our chemical industry have been due to the fact that we have
had this great spectrum, so that many types of jobs could be filled for very efficient operation. American Chemists. The American chemist at the present time is trained in primarily a liberal arts environment. Of course, there are some schools of technology where chemistry might be looked at in a somewhat more professional way. Generally speaking, chemistry falls in a school of arts, in a school of science, or in a school of arts and science. We operate in a bureaucratic situation which also exists in industry and government. The university of today is a big business undertaking, a real market place. We are in competition for students. Some of you, I know, say, "Why should you graduate as many chemists as you do? If you graduated fewer chemists, then the demand for chemists would be much greater, and as a result the pay that industry gives chemists would go up, and this would be a substantial improvement in our professional status." If we were to graduate only the superior chemists who come to us, we wouldn't be able to do a very good job on them and we would soon find ourselves out of business, because the administrations of our universities will not provide buildings, funds, and faculties for very small programs. If many of the graduating students, who are not in the top echelon, became hopeless failures and were not able to make a contribution in our industrial society I might agree with that particular argument; but I have already indicated there is a great demand for this rather broad spectrum of people. The ACS Committee on Professional Training has laid down certain minimum courses and certain minimum qualifications for the training of chemists. These amount to something like 40 hours of chemistry, a reading knowledge of German, physics, mathematics through calculus, English composition, and a certain number of hours which must be taken in the so-called humanistic, fields. I personally feel that science is just as humanistic as anything else but that, of course, is a matter of semantics and you might want to argue with me. Curricula. Where can we put into such curricula some instruction which will help the student learn more about what is expected of him as a professional, and how can we do this? I know of some universities and colleges where, on the surface, this may very well appear to be impossible because
of curricular restrictions. At the University of Delaware we handle it through a seminar. Our seminar is a combination of presentation of scientific material, various types of research problems, new work, and approaches to the solution of scientific problems in the laboratory and in the library. Also a reasonable number of lectures and discussions concerned primarily with the student and his relationship to the job and his relationship to the chemical profession and society as a whole are presented. When do we start this sort of thing? What sort of motivation is involved? We start out with a fairly large number of potential chemistry students, as is true in most universities. That number dwindles. After qualitative analysis, it comes down appreciably, and after quantitative analysis it takes another very sharp dip. Once a student gets through quantitative analysis, he will probably go all the way. You can see that in the early stages there is not too much need to go into great detail. First of all, the student doesn't have enough chemical background to know what you are talking about. Secondly, you might be wasting your effort on a lot of people who are not going to go far enough for this really to do them any good. At the early stages you do, however, need to provide a certain type of professional motivation. I indicated we are in competition. If a student came to us and said, "I am the putty, I am the clay, mold me master," and did exactly what we said, we could turn out a really fine product. We would be able to get in every sort of thing he needed. But we are in competition with many other areas. Many people think, perhaps, that the American chemical training does not involve enough experience in English and writing, because of course, reports are so important. If we were to increase the requirement in our curricula foi English composition by another six hours, I am sure we would lose at least 20% of our chemistry students to engineering. The incoming student will hold the chemistry curricula in one hand and the engineering curricula in the other hand and say, "Now, if I take this I am going to have to take some English literature and some history and I don't like literature or history, so I'm going to go into engineering where they are not required." Of course, the solution is to make the engineer take the courses also because
they will help him just the same, but that solution is in the future. The fact that we require German drives many students out of chemistry, because language in general is a highly subjective subject and science basically is a highly objective subject. The scientist should be a man of great objectivity, and to force him to take courses which are completely subjective is sometimes contrary to his makeup. He may do poorly in them, he hates them, and they pull down his record; therefore, he will frequently try to find a way of dodging courses of this particular sort entirely. Motivation. I must say that motivation is a very important thing, and financial motivation today is quite serious. When I first started teaching right after the war, one of my students came up to me and said, "Doc, this carbonium ion stuff you're giving us is fine, but when are you going to teach us how to make a fast buck?" In the early years of the instruction of the chemist we work through informal meetings, largely through the student affiliate chapter of the ACS; we try to let the younger group, those in their first and second year, know something about the challenge of chemistry, the fascinating things it does, and the contribution that it makes, because I think there is a great amount of altruism at that stage of the game. They want to get paid, but if you get paid for doing something that's good then that takes some of the curse off of the financial ambitions which you might have. Letting the chemist know what the financial rewards of the profession are at a fairly early stage is valuable. The operations of the Committee on Professional Relations and Status have been responsible for giving us the information we need on starting salaries, how chemists salaries advance through the years, and what some of these advancements in salary seem to depend upon. Once the student has reached the senior year, he begins to develop some anxieties. First of all, many of them would like to have this title of "Doctor," simply because the title of "Doctor" exists; it seems to be a good thing to have because people look up to it. Many students want to go into graduate work who are not qualified for it. This sometimes can be handled better in personal discussions with the student, but it can be handled through these seminar lectures as well by indicating those types of qualifications MARCH
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necessary for further study in chemistry and by showing that a Ph.D. is not necessary for a highly creative and highly successful career. I even point out to my students that there are some areas of chemical undertakings, which they hope to go into, where they may very well find a Ph.D. a handicap rather than an advantage. Specific Topics. Now let us consider some of the more specific topics that should be discussed: the types of companies, the types of jobs, the personal relationships that exist with the individual and his supervisor, the individual and his colleagues. This is very, very important. If there is anything wrong with the chemical profession it is the fact that we work so closely with our colleagues that we can be extremely critical of them and of their personalities and the quality of their work. I think we should be much more charitable toward our colleagues in this particular respect. This is something that most of the other professions have which we do not, largely, of course, because they do not work in quite such close proximity as the job progresses, as is the case of our particular profession. How to communicate orally and in writing? Just because a student has an "A" in English does not mean he is going to write a good report. The real secret of communication, the student must be told, is the evaluation of his audience. The composition which might get him an "A" in English might get him nothing but abuse from a supervisor who perhaps does not have quite the level of literacy as his instructor in freshman composition. You must design your communication, whether it is oral or whether it is written, to the needs of the audience to whom you are speaking. Chemists and Management. The chemist's relationship with management is a controversial subject and I may be entirely wrong, but I still feel that the young chemist, when he enters the chemical profession, has the right to feel that he is or will be a part of management; that management leans very heavily upon him; that he is concerned with the future development of this particular organization; and that the management of the company will be far more concerned with him and the output of his work than it will be with the day-to-day operations of its production end. If the company is in business, its production and sales operations are 100
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probably going relatively smoothly. The top management of the company is primarily concerned not with today but with tomorrow. Here is where the chemist comes into the picture. The young chemist needs to know how he grows on the job. He needs to know that his job is not necessarily working at a chemical bench all day long and that within a period of years he may find that he has moved from the bench entirely. This comes to many of them as rather a great shock though many of them have known about this sort of thing and feel that this is a desirable situation. The next question is the routes of advancement. How does a chemist advance in an organization? How should he look upon the changing of jobs? How should he look upon going from one company to another? What routes within an organization are open to him? What can be the ultimate type of job which he may have? Then he needs to know something about the basic relationships of our science to the culture of our times and the need for his own social and scientific development as he goes along. Qualified Teachers. These are real problems. Who can teach such a course? There is not any one of us who has had the breadth of experience to be able to do the really top job that this sort of thing demands. Many
Dr. William A. Mosher is professor of chemistry and chairman of the department of chemistry at University of Delaware. He received his Ph.D. from Venn State in 1940, and went to Hercules Powder as a research chemist. Later he was technical assistant to the director of research. Dr. Mosher accepted his present position at Delaware in 1945. During 1952-53 he was a Fulbright professor in Austria. He also was a member of the U.S. delegation of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council to three international congresses. He has served as a member of the ACS's Committee on Professional and Economic Status and was chairman of the Council Committee on Professional Relations and Status,
schools operate by bringing in outsiders to talk on some of these particular topics. That, however, can be rather dangerous because, as you know, there are many different points of view on these particular subjects. The young student is very much impressed by the man who is brought in from industry and who is introduced in glowing terms by the professor. He will believe what the industrial man says perhaps more than he will believe what the professor says. Unless the man who makes the talk is conscious that great weight may be placed upon his words, and has discussed the things he is going to say with the professor and with others so that these things can be kept in balance, there may be some problems. Of course, the other thing is to have enough outside speakers so that the student is able to develop a critical attitude. If the professor is on his toes, he will be able to get the students to discuss later what the industrial visitors have said and straighten these things out and put them into proper perspective, considering the fact that there are different points of view and different companies. I think many of these things, however, can be handled in a fairly adequate manner by any professor, if he will make serious effort to discuss these things with industrial chemists. The practice that many companies have developed of hiring university professors for summer jobs is an extremely valuable thing, because then the professor is in a position to give something from his own experience in this particular area. Industry's Responsibility. Industry, however, has a great responsibility in this question of training for professional responsibility. Education has become both a panacea and a scapegoat depending upon how you want to look at it. Industry criticizes universities for not giving them exactly the product that they need and want. In the universities we produce a very flexible product, and industry must go on from there. I am sure that the young chemist's first supervisor on his new job, or his director of research, can do as much in molding sound professional principles, sound respect, and sound responsibilities as the university can. These two agencies together, one preparing and the other continuing the process, should be able in the future to greatly improve the professional responsibility of our young chemists.
Needed: A Realistic Self-Image for Chemists Dr. Sidney M. Cantor Sidney M. Cantor Associates The psychological characteristics of the chemist can be described in broad general terms as being more oriented toward things and less oriented toward people. He m a y therefore have more than usual problems in interpersonal relations. It would appear also from the statements in this series of articles that the social system in which the chemist works is highly complicated and distinguished by a bureaucracy probably quite necessary for its successful functioning, that is, the bureaucracy evolved to keep the system working. Therefore, one can perhaps only modify and not eliminate the bureaucracy. It can also be said that the selfimage which the chemist carries with him, particularly into the industrial practice of his discipline, is quite likely oriented more toward the chemistscientist and his struggle with nature and less toward the chemist-bureaucrat functioning efficiently in an industrial setting.
Further, it would appear from the discussion that our chemical education system, except in a few isolated instances, does little to help the individual chemist establish for himself a more realistic self-image adapted to the particular practice of chemistry he has chosen for a career. To relate to our subject in its original terms, what we refer to as professional attitudes are in a large measure the outward manifestations of the regard the individual chemist has for himself and his work—in a sense his self acceptance. If the dis-
Dr.
Sidney
M.
Cantor is an independent consultant in Philadelphia, the head of Sidney M. Cantor Associates. He was educated at Reed College and Northwestern University. His industrial positions included research chemist and assistant director of research at Corn Products Refining and director of research and development at American Sugar Refining.
parity between what he is and what he thinks he is or what he thinks he should be is great, then he will seek other ways to bolster this self-esteem. Thus he may be overly concerned about his status and his prerogatives and may even seek to identify himself with an image which doesn't truly belong to his profession. The need, it appears clear, is for educational aids either in or associated with the chemistry curriculum which will provide, on the basis of extended discussion between student and teacher, information on how the chemist functions and how his personal objectives may be modified by the particular practice of the science he chooses. Moreover, what is more important, is what this modification may mean in terms of changing his self-image to a more comfortable one and his professional attitudes accordingly. Both this approach and the concomitant one of upgrading the public image of the chemist are required, but the former is of greater consequence to the individual. This need for instruction in how chemists function would seem to be particularly great for the large number of chemists who choose an industrial career.
PM & PA FINANCES Professional Training Committee Profession and Government Relations Educational and Student Activities
INCOME
BALANCE
FROM
FOR
DUES
PM & PA
Regional Employment Clearing House Local Section Services Membership Admissions, Promotion, Communications» and other
LESS ALLOCATIONS TO: LOCAL SECTIONS
Services
ACS News Service (25%)
MEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS TO C&EN
General Administrative Expense
JOURNALS FUND WRONG PROPORTIONS. C&EN figured the proportions incorrectly in showing the breakdown of PM & PA finances in
this chart, which appeared in C&EN, Feb. 29, page 68. The blocks on the right should have been larger, as shown here MARCH
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REVISED ACS FINANCIAL SYSTEM
The Chemical Abstracts Service The Chemical Abstracts Service category of the American Chemical Society budget embraces several different kinds of accounts. The Chemical Abstracts account is the only one that is on an annual income-expense basis. The only source of income to this account is subscription sales. To avoid annual repricing, the surplus of one year is used to meet the deficit of another.
Chemical Abstracts Fund For a long period up to and including 1955, $2.00 was allocated from each member's dues to help pay CA deficits. From 1953 to 1956, the corporation associates also helped. Both of these sources of income were eliminated when CA was repriced in 1956 to break even. At the same time, the surpluses from earlier years were set up as the Chemical Abstracts
Fund. This fund is a reservoir to receive any surpluses which occurred in 1956-57, and to meet deficits, which have occurred and grown larger each year since then. It was planned to retain the principle of the Fund for emergency situations. One has occurred this year. The $2.4 million income from Chemical Abstracts is estimated to fall $300,000 short of covering expenses, which will more than deplete present reserves in the Chemical Abstracts Fund. It is necessary to restore the principle of the Fund to meet emergencies in the future.
Collective Indexes The Collective Indexes are long term projects which accrue expenses over many years and concentrate income in a few years. And more than one collective index can be in some stage
of preparation simultaneously. The Fifth Decennial Index, for instance, started incurring editorial expenses as early as 1950; its first income was received in 1957. The expenses were met from the Collective Index Fund which had been established to meet this need. Printing of the Fifth Decennial Index got under way in 1958 and will not be completed until 1962. Even now, however, editorial work is being charged against the Sixth Decennial Index which, until it is produced, will be supported by the Fund. All income is credited to the Fund and all expense charged to it.
Building Fund The third account is the Chemical Abstracts building fund which is a landlord account. It maintains the Chemical Abstracts building jn Columbus, Ohio, and pays construction costs —such as that for the addition of the fourth floor to this building, now in progress. Income to this account is the rent that it charges Chemical Abstracts Service.
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE CA Research Subsidy Chemical Abstracts Subscriptions
CA Fund
CA Research
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GAE and Nomenclature Rent to Publications Activities and CA Research and Special Building Development Publications Fund
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Nomenclature Pamphlets & Special Publications Sales
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CA Collective Indexes Subscriptions
CA Collective Indexes Production
Society Will Honor 71 for 50-Year Membership This year, 71 members hold the distinction of 50 years of membership in the ACS. They will be honored at a ceremony on April 9 at the General Meeting to be held during the 137th ACS National Meeting in Cleveland this spring. Those attending the meeting will be given 50-year membership certificates. Those who cannot be present will receive their certificates by mail. The following pictured members, with their present or last affiliation and present city of residence, will be honored: W. G. Abbott, Jr., Hillsbrought Mills, Wilton, N.H. Dr. J. Allen Baker, retired, Iowa Dept. of Agriculture, Indianola, Iowa. Stanley D. Beard, retired, American Cyanamid, Pearl River, N.Y. Dr. Paul C. Bowers, retired, Du Pont, Penns Grove, N.J. Dr. Charles A. Brautlecht, retired, University of Maine, Winter Park, Fla. Dr. R. K. Brodie, retired, Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Dr. James Brown, retired, American Cyanamid, Bradenton, Fla. Fred W. Bruckmiller, retired, Standard Oil (Ind.), Lawrence, Kan. Dr. Howard N. Calderwood, Jr., consultant, Madison, Wis. Dr. Robert H. Clark, retired, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. Dr. Harry P. Corson, district supervisor of Delaware for the 1960 census, Wilmington, Del. Rev. Roysel J. Cowan, Free Methodist Church, Bowling Green, Ohio. Dr. M. L. Crossley, Rutgers University, Plainfield, N.J. Dr. Harry A. Curtis, consultant, Knoxville, Tenn. Walter S. Davis, retired, New York State Health Dept., Albany, N.Y. Etinne de Meeus, Centre de Perfectionnement Technique, Paris, France. Dr. Bradley Dewey, W. R. Grace & Co., Cambridge, Mass. W. H. Eastlake, retired, Mount Royal, Quebec, Can.
W. G. Abbott, Jr.
Dr. J. A. Baker
S. D. Beard
Dr. P. C. Bowers
F. W. Bruckmiller
Dr. Calderwood
Dr. R. H. Clark
Dr. H. P. Corson
W. S. Davis
Etinne de Meeus Dr. Bradley Dewey
W. H. Eastlake
Dr. Harold W. Elley, National Association for Mental Health, Wilmington, Del. Dr. Elmer E. Fickett, retired, Lowell Technological Institute, Lowell, Mass. Dr. Harry L. Fisher, Ocean Minerals, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. Dr. E. B. Forbes, retired, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pa. Howard T. Graber, retired, Difco Laboratories, Los Angeles, Calif. Dr. Edward L. Griffin, retired, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Lawrence, Kan. Arthur Guillaudeu, consultant, Chicago, Ill . John M. Harney, retired, Frank Tea & Spice, Joliet, Ill. George W. Heise, consultant, National Carbon Research Labs., Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. Harold L. Higgins, consultant, Newton, Mass. Dr. Charles S. Hollander, retired, Rohm & Haas, Philadelphia, Pa.
Dr. Brautlecht
Dr. R. K. Brodie
Rev. R. J. Cowan Dr. M. L. Crossley
Dr. H. W. Elley
Dr. E. E. Fickett
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Dr. H. A. Curtis
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Dr. E. B. Forbes
H. T. Graber
Dr. E. L. Griffin
Arthur Guillaudeu
J. M. Harney
G. W. Heise
Dr. H. L. Higgins
Dr. Hollander
Dr. C. H. Hunt
C. F. Hutchison
J. E. Jacob
Dr. F. G. Keyes
W. E. Kirby
T. C. Law
B. E. Long
Dr. J. F. Lyman
Dr. J. W. Marden
L. A. Maynard
W. T. McGeorge
Dr. W. S. Murray
Joseph Rosin
J. McE. Sanderson
H. A. Schuette
Dr. L. I. Shaw
Dr. Sherwood
Dr. O. J. Sieplein
H. E. Slocum
E. C. Smith
Dr. H. D. Smith
E. C. Thompson
L. V. Walker
A. L. D. Warner
A. D. Whealdon
Dr. Charles H. Hunt, retired, Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster, Ohio. Mr. Charles F . Hutchison, retired, Eastman Kodak, Rochester, N.Y. James E. Jacob, retired, Health Dept. of the Panama Canal, Balboa, C.Z. Dr. Frederick G. Keyes, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cam104
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bridge, Mass. Walter E. Kirby, retired, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, New York, N.Y. Thomas C. Law, Law & Co., Atlanta, Ga. B. E. Long, consultant, San Gabriel, Calif. Dr. John F. Lyman, retired, Ohio State University, Indianapolis, Ind.
Dr. J. E. Wildish Dr. J. A. Wilkinson
Dr. J. W. Marden, retired, Malt Diastase Co., Chester, N.J. L. A. Maynard, Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Ithaca, N.Y. William T. McGeorge, retired, University of Arizona, Palo Alto, Calif. Dr. William S. Murray, Indium Corp. of America, Utica, N.Y.
Joseph Rosin, retired, Merck & Co., Plainfield, N.J. John McE. Sanderson, consultant, West Islip, N.Y. Henry A. Schuette, retired, Univer sity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Dr. L. I. Shaw, consultant, Santa Monica, Calif. Dr. F . W. Sherwood, retired, North Carolina State College, Raleigh, N.C. Dr. Otto J. Sieplein, retired, Sun Tests, Miami, Fla. Harry E. Slocum, retired, Jones & Laughlin Steel, Miami, Fla. Edward C. Smith, retired, National Carbon, Lakewood, Ohio. Dr. Howard D. Smith, Father John's Medicine Co., Chelmsford, Mass. Ernest C. Thompson, retired, Borden Co., Brooklyn, Ν. Υ. Lester V. Walker, Luma, Inc., Yonkers, N.Y. Arthur L. D. Warner, retired, Malt Diastase Co., Los Angeles, Calif. A. D. Whealdon, retired, Wisconsin State College, Superior, Wis. Dr. James E. Wildish, retired, Kansas City Junior College, Kansas City, Mo. Dr. John A. Wilkinson, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa.
Also to be honored are: B.
F . Brann, retired, University of Maine, Winthrop, Me. Zoltan de Horvath, retired, Eagle Picher, Western Springs, 111. Dr. Charles P. Gates, retired, Univer sity of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis. Josiah Gorham, retired, Colorado Fuel & Iron, Champaign, 111. Dr. I. Grageroff, retired, Liberty Pow der, New York, N.Y. Irvin W. Humphrey, retired, Hercules Powder, Lakeside, Calif. Dr. Alfred L. Kammerer, retired, Von Schrenk & Kammerer, Clayton, Mo. Dr. R. P. Kennedy, retired, Richmond, Ind. Charles P. Moat, retired, Burlington, Vt. Frank H. Ronk, retired, Olympic Port land Cement Co., San Francisco, Calif. Dr. James K. Senior, retired, Univer sity of Chicago, Chicago, 111. Philip McG. Shuey, Shuey & Co., Savannah, Ga. Dr. Ethel M. Terry, retired, Los An geles, Calif. Dr. Emanuel G. Zies, Carnegie Insti tution of Washington, Chevy Chase, Md.
Amendment of ACS Constitution and Bylaws The agenda for the Council meeting in Cleveland contains proposals for fourteen amendments to the ACS Con stitution and Bylaws. All have been considered by the Standing Commit tee on Constitution and Bylaws and favorable action recommended for all but one (Bylaw I, Sec. 6).
Increase In Section Apportion ments and In Society Dues Article XIV, Sec. 3 now reads as follows: There shall be an apportionment of funds to Local Sections upon a slid ing scale based upon the total paid membership of each as of December 1 of the preceding year, as follows: 1. Each Section, irrespective of size, shall receive an allotment of $80.00 per year. 2. Each Section having not more than 300 members, in addition to said
allotment of $80.00 per year, shall receive $2.00 per member for each member enrolled therein. 3. Each Section having more than 300 members, in addition to said allot ment of $80.00 per year, shall receive $2.00 per member for each member enrolled therein not to exceed 300 members, and $1.50 per member for each member enrolled therein in ex cess of 300 members. Forty-two councilors have peti tioned that Article XIV, Sec. 3 be amended as follows: In paragraph 1, change $80.00 to $200.00. In paragraph 2, change $80.00 to $200.00, and change $2.00 to $2.75. In paragraph 3, change $80.00 to $200.00, change $2.00 to $2.75, and change $1.50 to $2.25. They petition that this amendment be effective for the calendar year 1961. Explanation. Like the Society it-
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self, most local sections are in need of additional funds to conduct or maintain a program at the local section level which meets the needs of the average member. Much time and effort have been spent discussing this problem and attempting to sense membership opinion. It seems desirable to increase the amount of membership dues allotted to local sections by about $1.00 per member. The above proposals are designed to do this. Forty-three councilors have petitioned that Bylaw IX, Sec. 3 be amended by substituting "sixteen dollars ($16.00) per year" for "twelve dollars ($12.00) per year" in the first sentence after which the Section will read as follows: Membership dues shall be sixteen dollars ($16.00) per year, of which three dollars ($3.00) shall be for a subscription to the official organ of the SOCIETY and of which two dollars ($2.00) shall be deposited in a special fund made up wholly of MEMBERS' payments, from which fund allocations shall be made by the Board of Directors when necessary to supplement MEMBERS' subscription payments provided that the balance of the fund be used only to meet publishing deficits. For an initial 18 months' membership, dues and allocations shall be one and one-half times the foregoing. The subscription term for the official organ shall correspond to the membership period. Should this membership period cover a change in rates, the dues and allocations shall be calculated from the old and new rates in proportion to that part of the 18-month period which each covers. The petitioners suggest that this amendment be effective for the calendar year 1961. Explanation. Careful study has shown that an increase in yearly dues of $3.00 per member is necessary to maintain the Society in a sound financial condition. This has been adequately discussed elsewhere. It is believed that the portion of membership dues allotted to local sections should be increased by about $1.00 per member. A separate petition has been submitted to effect this change. The above proposal will increase membership dues by the $4.00 per year necessary to accomplish these two objectives. Recommendation. The Committee 106
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on Constitution and Bylaws suggests that a minor editorial change be made to improve clarity; in the last part of the first paragraph, place a semicolon after the words "MEMBERS' subscription payments," delete the following two words, and add the word "shall" so that this portion of the Bylaw will read " . . . from which fund allocations shall be made by the Board of Directors when necessary to supplement MEMBERS' subscription payments; the balance of the fund shall be used only to meet publishing deficits." Thirteen directors have petitioned that Bylaw I, Sec. 4 be amended by striking out "one-third" and substituting "one-half" after which the Bylaw will read as follows: A MEMBER who is a regularly matriculated student, graduate or undergraduate, majoring in chemistry, chemical engineering, or related scientific field, shall be entitled to a discount of one-half of his membership dues so long as he certifies that he is registered for at least six credit hours per week or its equivalent, provided that the total number of years during which such discount is allowed shall not exceed five, of which no more than four years may be allotted to postgraduate study. A student whose membership begins on July 1 and continues for 18 months shall be entitled to the foregoing discount only if he matriculates for the college year next following the initial date of his membership. Explanation. Under present provisions and with dues of $12.00, the "student discount" is $4.00 and payment is $8.00. If dues of $16.00 are approved and no change is made, the discount would be $5.33 and payment $10.67, an awkward amount. The petitioners wish to assist students to join their professional society. Accordingly, they favor continuance of the same dollar payment. This is accomplished by the amendment proposed.
Reinstatement To Society Membership Bylaw I, Sec. 6 now reads as follows: Except as provided in Sec. 7 of this Bylaw, membership in the SOCIETY and the obligation for dues continue from year to year unless a MEMBER'S resignation, signed by the
MEMBER, is received by the Executive Secretary of the SOCIETY prior to the end of the calendar year for which dues have been paid. Any person in arrears for dues for one year shall cease to be a MEMBER of the SOCIETY, provided that at least two weeks before his name is removed from the rolls, the Executive Secretary shall send him a written notice of his delinquency, together with a copy of the Bylaws pertaining to the subject. Such a person may be reinstated as a MEMBER by the Admissions Committee provided his arrears have been paid, application has been made, and the requirements of membership at the time of reinstatement have been met. (Sec. 7 provides for expulsion under charges of injurious conduct.) The eleven petitioners suggest that the following replace the final sentence: Such a person may be reinstated as a MEMBER by the Admissions Committee provided that: (a) his application has been made and the requirements of membership at the time of reinstatement have been met, (b) a reinstatement fee of ten dollars ($10.00) has been paid, (c) the current year's dues and the one year of dues in arrears have been paid, and (d) the cost of any journals mailed to him during the period in which he did not pay dues has been paid. A MEMBER who has resigned in good standing may be reinstated as a MEMBER provided that he has paid the reinstatement fee of ten dollars ($10.00) in addition to the current year's dues. Explanation. There has been some confusion in the minds of a good many members concerning the requirements for readmission to the Society for a member who has been dropped for nonpayment of dues. The present Bylaw states that a member who has been "in arrears for dues for one year shall cease to be a MEMBER of the SOCIETY." It also states that payment of his arrears in dues must be made before reinstatement. When the period of nonmembership extended for a few years, it has been understood by some that the reinstated person was liable for all of these years' dues. The present proposal seeks to spell out clearly that the liability is only one year's dues.
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The Society has also required that a reinstated member pay for any journals that were delivered to him during the first two months of the year before he was dropped from the journal mailing list on March 1. The present Bylaw does not state this; the proposed amendment does. The office of the Society in Washington has additional expense in processing a member in arrears and in finally separating him. When he applies for reinstatement, additional paper work expense is incurred. A reasonable estimate of this total cost is about ten dollars. This expense has been carried by the entire active membership. The present proposal is to make the reinstated member bear the burden for his own separation and reinstatement. Since a resigning member also generates the need for the extra expense of separation and reinstatement, it is proposed that he also pay the reinstatement fee.
Publications Thirteen directors have petitioned that Bylaw IV, Section 1, be amended as follows: In phrase ( b ) , delete "and" before "THE JOURNAL O F ORGANIC CHEMISTRY" and add ", JOURNAL O F CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, and CHEMICAL REVIEWS"; and in phrase (d) delete "and Chemical Reviews", after which the Section will read as follows: The publications authorized in the Constitution, Article IX, shall be (a) those of the Chemical Abstracts Service, including CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS and collective indexes thereto; (b) the SOCIETY'S journals, including' JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING NEWS, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, THE JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, and CHEMICAL REVIEWS; (c) other SOCIETY publications, including Abstracts of Meetings Papers and directory of MEMBERS; and (d) sponsored publications, including Chemical Monographs. Explanation. This change is necessary to conform the Bylaw to the facts. Since last amended, the ACS has taken
over full responsibility for CHEMICAL REVIEWS, formerly a sponsored publication, and has established and is publishing the JOURNAL O F CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA.
Committees Of The Board of Directors Article VIII, Sec. 4 now reads as follows: (a) The Board of Directors shall elect an Executive Committee from its membership and provide for such other committees as it deems necessary to aid it in the performance of its functions. The Executive Committee shall have full power to act for the Board of Directors between Board meetings. (b) The Board of Directors may provide for other committees, composed in whole or in part of its members, to consider and report upon SOCIETY problems. Each of its committees shall report to the Board of Directors sufficiently in advance of each Board meeting to permit full consideration of its activities. Thirteen directors have petitioned to delete Article VIII, Sec. 4 ( b ) in its entirety and substitute the following: (b) The Board of Directors may provide for other committees to consider and report upon matters within the field of the Society and within the field of Board responsibility, membership to be unrestricted except as the Board may specify. (c) Each of its committees shall report to the Board of Directors periodically, but not less than once each year, in such manner as the Board may specify and in accordance with a schedule to be set from time to time by the Board of Directors. Explanation. The implied restriction on membership of certain Board committees is unrealistic. Certain "Other Committees" now include no Directors. Also, the requirement for a quarterly report is useless red tape since the work of some committees, such as those which select award recipients, is done only once each year. The amendment proposed is one to obtain the desired results with less annoyance and greater efficiency.
Standing Committees Of The Council Bylaw III, Sec. 3 ( c ) (10) now reads as follows: Each Standing Committee may hold
a hearing to gather Councilor and MEMBER opinions during each meet ing of the SOCIETY with adequate notice as to time and place. The sixteen petitioners suggest de leting in its entirety the present Sec. 3 ( c ) (10) and substituting the fol lowing: (10) Each Standing Committee shall encourage the expression of MEMBER opinion on SOCIETY matters within its field of duties and shall allow reasonable time for MEMBERS to make their views known. To accom plish this, each Standing Committee shall comply with the following operat ing procedures whenever practicable: (A) Hold an open meeting to gather Councilor and MEMBER opinions during each national meeting of the Society; (B) hold an executive session during each national meeting to determine appropriate action on matters under consideration; (C) publicize in CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING NEWS approxi mately one month prior to each meet ing the following: 1. the time and place of open meet ings of each Standing Committee, 2. information on major topics which will be discussed in open meet ings and in executive sessions; (D) except for matters of strictly routine nature or on which immediate action is necessary, recommend Coun cil consideration only of matters ivhich have been discussed in an open meet ing at a national meeting prior to the one at which action is recommended. Explanation. The Council Policy Committee Subcommittee on Improv ing Communications has studied vari ous means of improving communica tions, and thereby understanding, be tween the members of the Society and the Council. It found a need for pro viding an opportunity for members and councilors to contact standing com mittees when proposals on controver sial matters are being formulated. Under the present system, it was felt that these matters are not brought out into the open far enough in advance of action to allow councilors and mem bers to make their opinions known and thereby affect recommendations. It is believed that the proposed amend ment will remedy this situation.
Duties of Council Standing Committees Explanation.
The purpose of these
petitions is to update the list of duties of the Council Standing Committees. No presently prescribed duties have been deleted; some have been re worded to describe more accurately what the committees do. Responsi bilities properly assumed by the com mittees in the past but not heretofore listed have been added. Specific references to other Bylaws have been changed to general statements at the request of the Committee on Constitu tion and Bylaws. Bylaw III, Sec. 3 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( A ) now reads as follows: (A) Committee on Membership Affairs 1. studying and making recom mendations to the Council concern ing problems relating to membership standards, 2. serving as an appeal board for any MEMBER dissatisfied with an action of the Admissions Committee, 3. preparing plans and programs for securing additions to membership, 4. performing the duties assigned in Bylaw I, Sec. 1 and 7; The petitioners suggest the follow ing amendments: 1. Delete "problems relating to mem bership standards," and substitute "membership standards including grades of membership, requirements for each, and accompanying privi leges,". Add new paragraph 2 as follows: 2. studying and making recommen dations to the Council concerning as sociates and affiliates including re quirements, privileges, and restrictions. 2. Renumber present paragraph 2 as paragraph 3; insert "or candidate for membership" between "MEMBER" and "dissatisfied." 3. Renumber present paragraph 3 as paragraph 4; delete "preparing" and substitute "advising on". 4. Delete this entire paragraph. Add new paragraph 5, 6, 7, and 8 as follows: 5. acting as an advisory body to the Admissions Committee, 6. considering charges of injurious conduct by a MEMBER according to procedures prescribed elsewhere in these Bylaws, 7. studying and advising on means for keeping the membership informed on SOCIETY matters, 8. considering any matters affecting MEMBERS and not within the field of some other Standing Committee; Recommendation. The Committee on Constitution and Bylaws recom-
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mends approval with one minor change: the word "by" in Section 3 ( c ) ( l ) ( A ) 6 b e changed to "against," so that this sentence reads "considering charges of injurious conduct against a MEMBER according to procedures prescribed elsewhere in these Bylaws." Bylaw III, Sec. 3 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( B ) reads as follows: (B) Committee on National Meetings and Divisional Activities 1. studying and making recommendations to the Council concerning problems of policy involving divisional interests, 2. studying and making recommendations to the Council concerning national meeting problems, 3. acting as a means of coordinating inter divisional activities especially in relation to meeting programs, 4. assisting Divisions in coordinating their efforts with Local Section activities, 5. performing the duties assigned in Bylaw VIII, Sec. 1; The petitioners suggest the following amendments: 1. Delete "problems of policy involving divisional interests," and substitute "SOCIETY policy affecting divisional interests," 2. Delete "national meeting problems," and substitute "policies and problems of national meeting organization and operation," 3. Delete "acting as a means of" 5. Delete "assigned in Bylaw VIII, Sec. 1;" and substitute "incident to the creation of a new Division as prescribed elsewhere in these Bylaws," Add new paragraph 6 as follows: 6. considering any matters affecting national meetings and divisional activities and not within the field of some other Standing Committee; Bylaw III, Sec. 3 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( C ) reads as follows: (C) Committee on Local Sectional Activities 1. studying and making recommendations to the Council concerning problems of policy affecting the activities of Local Sections, 2. exploring possibilities of assisting Local Sections in enriching their program of activities, 3. receiving reports on and rating the efficiency of Local Section activities, 4. receiving, considering, and making recommendations to the Council
concerning petitions for chartering new Local Sections, 5. studying the needs for financial support of local activities in relation to the SOCIETY'S program and making recommendations to the Council concerning proper allotments for this purpose; The petitioners suggest the following amendments: (C) Delete "Sectional" and substitute "Section". 3. Delete "efficiency" and substitute "effectiveness". 4. Delete the final comma and add "and for changes in territory or name,". Explanation. The proposed name change is requested by a number of Committee members who have found the name difficult to pronounce distinctly when addressing public groups. Bylaw III, Sec. 3(c) ( 1 ) / D ) reads as follows: (D) Committee on Professional Relations and Status 1. conducting continuous investigation of matters bearing on the professional relations and status of the membership, 2. receiving, considering, and making recommendations to the Council concerning all proposals made by Councilors for SOCIETY activities in this sphere; The petitioners suggest the Bylaw be amended to read as follows: (D) Committee on Professional Relations and Status 1. initiating investigations and making recommendations to the Council concerning matters bearing on the professional relations and status of the membership, 2. receiving, considering, and making recommendations to the Council concerning all proposals made by members for SOCIETY activities in this sphere, 3. serving as an advisory body to groups of MEMBERS seeking guidance on matters of a professional nature, 4. assisting in the development and implementation of the SOCIETY'S programs for the advancement of the profession of chemistry and chemical engineering and for the advancement of the professional status of all those who practice the profession, 5. cooperating with other SOCIETY groups in advancing public recognition of the professional status of chemists and chemical engineers.
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Barnebey Cheney 112
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Explanation. The current duties of the Committee on Professional Relations and Status became effective January 1, 1948. They are at once the briefest and least specific of those designed for any of the Standing Committees. Since the establishment of these duties, the general scope of the Committee's activities has both strengthened and diversified. Accordingly, it seems in order to revise the duties to reflect more accurately present and future operations of the Committee. The foregoing proposal is offered as a means of achieving this objective. Recommendation. The Committee on Constitution and Bylaws recommends that in Sec. 3(c) (1) ( D ) 2 the word "all" be deleted from this sentence so that it reads "receiving, considering, and making recommendations to the Council concerning proposals made by members for SOCIETY activities in this sphere." With this change, the Committee recommends that the proposed amendment be approved. Bylaw III, Sec. 3 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( E ) reads as follows: (E) Committee on Publications 1. studying and making recommendations to the Council concerning matters of publication policy, 2. receiving and examining recommendations and suggestions from the membership with reference to improvement of the publication program, 3. studying needs for new publications and for extension of present efforts, 4. consulting with the editors concerning editorial policy, advising the Board of Directors concerning the selection of editors for the SOCIETTs journals, 5. consulting with the Director of Chemical Abstracts Service concerning policy, advising the Board of Directors concerning the selection of a Director for the Chemical Abstracts Service; The petitioners suggest the entire Bylaw be deleted and the following substituted: (E) Committee on Publications 1. studying the adequacy of the publication program of the SOCIETY, including the need for extension of efforts through existing and new journals, 2. receiving and examining sugges-
tions from the membership concerning publications, 3. consulting with the editors of the journals and Director of Chemical Abstracts Service concerning editorial policy, 4. consulting with the Board of Directors, when requested, upon matters of appointments and finances pertinent to publications, 5. making recommendations to the Council concerning the publication program; Bylaw III, Sec. 3 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( F ) reads as follows: (F) Committee on Chemical Education 1. studying policies relating to improvement of scientific education, 2. acting in an advisory capacity to committees responsible for administration of scholarship grants-in-aid and associated activities, 3. acting in an advisory capacity in all matters concerning the accrediting of courses of study and vocational guidance, 4. developing a program of vocational guidance, 5. receiving, considering, and making recommendations to the Council concerning petitions for the establishment of Chapters of Student Affiliates; The petitioners suggest that this Bylaw be amended to read as follows: (F) Committee on Chemical Education 1. studying and making reports and recommendations to the Council on matters relating to policy and programs for the improvement of chemical education, 2. receiving, reviewing, and recommending appropriate action to the Council on suggestions made by the membership on educational matters, 3. receiving, reviewing, and making recommendations to the Council on the Student Affiliate program, including the chartering of chapters, 4. developing and reviewing the program of vocational guidance, 5. acting in an advisory capacity to and otherwise cooperating with units in and outside the SOCIETY on matters relating to education. Bylaw III, Sec. 3 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( G ) reads as follows: (G) Committee on Constitution and Bylaws 1. performing the duties assigned in the Constitution, Articles XV and XVI, 2. reviewing current Bylaws and
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initiating such action as may seem ap propriate, 3. interpreting and initiating such action as may seem appropriate to eliminate conflicts in the Bylaws, 4. reviewing and making recom mendations to the Council concerning bylaws of Local Sections and Divisions submitted in accordance with the pro visions of the Constitution, Article XII, Sec. 5(a) and Article XIII, Sec. 2(a). The petitioners suggest amend ments as follows: 1. Substitute "Constitution and By laws of the SOCIETY," for "Consti tution, Articles XV and XVI,". 4. Insert ", including Articles of In corporation," following the word "by laws," and substitute "Constitution of the SOCIETY," for "Constitution, Ar ticle XII, Sec. 5(a) and Article XIII, Sec. 2 ( a ) , " . Add a new paragraph 5, as follows: 5. reviewing and reporting to the Council on the affiliation of Local Sec tions with local technical organiza tions and the compliance with the re quirements of these Bylaws for such affiliation.
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