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Educators Look for Scientists . . . and summer institutes for teachers were up 1 0 0 % , M C A came up with a five-year plan, and industry's dollars flowed in ever-increasing streams A HE PAST YEAR wasn't too
The billion-fold amplification of the image left b y light in silver halides. a problem which has interested many scientists, is only one of current problems being attacked by Technical Operations, Incorporated. Your association with Technical Operations' scientific staff can mean comparable amplification. for your career as a
Chemist
different
for educators, for they faced their old standby—promoting t h e education of scientists a n d engineers in t h e face of increasing shortages. Although anxiety mounted in 1956 over anticipated a n d more severe manpower shortages a n d over t h e ease with which Russia turns out science graduates, people also began to realize that sheer weight of numbers may n o t b e enough. Shortages aren't so much in numbers as in well educated "numbers/' Everywhere t h e need is for abilities. Schools carry the main burden in
turning out well trained people, a n d educators paid lots of attention in 1 9 5 6 to improving b o t h teacher facilities a n d teacher training. Industry, Government, a n d schools united in their conviction that if there are to be more careers in science, young people m u s t receive a d e q u a t e instruction in our high schools a n d colleges. Last year o n e activity aimed directly at improving t h e quality of science teaching enjoyed a booming season. That w a s the summer institute, a program in which high school a n d college teachers alike gained first-hand knowledge of recent scientific developments and improved methods of presenting this knowledge. I n 1955 there w e r e about 2 0 such programs; in 1956 t h e number more than doubled. Teachers who would otherwise have found it impossible to finance refresher courses attended these institutes through grants from such organizations as Westinghouse, General Electric, D u Pont, Shell, Crown Zellerbach Foundation, t h e Marathon Foundation, t h e National Science Foundation, and, in some cases, from t h e schools themselves. There's no doubt t h e approach is successful, and i n 1957 N S F alone will grant $4.5 million t o support 9 5 such institutes. In these programs for science teachers, emphasis is on subject matter—to fundamentals and their application to high school a n d college curricula. In his presidential address at the 130th National Meeting of the A M E R I C A N C H E M I C A L SOCIETY, J. C. W a r n e r em-
phasized the present need in chemical education for a return to t h e funda-
It can also mean: • • • •
simple, sensible salary policies management by scientists long-range security unusual joint company-employee savings plan
Senior scientists will find limitless opportunity in experimental research and development—in chemistry, physics, nucleonics and electronics. Challenging positions are available in theoretical work in physics, operations research, and other fields. • D r . Bernard Manning, of Technical Operations' Chemistry Group.
address: Robert L. Roller
TECHNICAL OPERATIONS I N C O R P O R A T E D Research and Development for business, industry and government
6 Schouler Court Arlington 74, Massachusetts
46
C&EN
J A N . 7,
1957
Industry a n d schools alike worry about getting more good scientists. W h i l e Washington, D. C , area teachers attended National Science Teachers Association convention last spring, area scientists substituted in classrooms to tell students about progress i n their fields. H e r e , H o w a r d W . Bond, chemist a t National Institutes of Health, talks to students at Wakefield High, Arlington, Va., about progress in cancer research
mentals. Chemical education, he said, should h a v e t h e characteristics of good professional education—a curriculum which in its scientific content emphasizes basic principles, ideas, and theories, and t h e development of skill in their u s e in finding creative solutions to new problems. James R. Killian, Jr., president of M I T , echoes this idea in asking for engineering programs less specialized at the u n d e r g r a d u a t e level b u t fundamental in basic science a n d humanities curricula. F u r t h e r evidence of industrial cooperation to help improve science teaching c a m e with the five-year educational plan of t h e Manufacturing Chemists' Association. T h e plan enlists nationwide support of t h e chemical industry a n d involves approaches at all levels—elementary, junior a n d senior high, a n d college. At t h e same time, teachers all along t h e line will receive assistance in improving science curricula. Programs for the high school science teacher over the p a s t year were as varied as they w e r e many. Some aimed a t helping teachers to increase their a n n u a l incomes, such as A. D . Little's Lexington Plan. Goodyear Tire and R u b b e r sent qualified teachers to advanced training institutes a n d offered work-experience awards t o others. Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies chose eight high school teachers to travel throughout t h e country to give lecture demonstrations t o high school science classes. D o w Chemical aimed at selling industry t o teachers, and, in turn, to chemistry students, through an industry-education workshop. On t h e college level, the ACS Division of Chemical Kducation launched its "Visiting Scientists in Chemistry" program, intended to strengthen the activities of u n d e r g r a d u a t e chemistry d e p a r t m e n t s t h r o u g h lecture tours of outstanding scientists. A n d Oak Ridge offered t h e services of 102 scientists to lecture, c o n d u c t seminars, a n d particip a t e in conferences on campuses t h r o u g h o u t t h e U. S. E x p a n d e d aid-to-education programs were another highlight of 1956. Scholarships, fellowships, and grants poured into the nation's schools as industry developed more a n d more programs. H e r e again, t h e programs differed. Of Procter & Gamble's aid-to-education dollar, more than half w e n t to private institutions for u n d e r g r a d u a t e scholarships. E a c h scholarship carried an unrestricted grant to t h e school involved. Some companies—General Electric and B. F. Goodrich, for example—included gift-matching programs in their overall plan, whereby employee contributions are duplicated. A n d both Esso F o u n d a t i o n a n d International Nickel announced programs which totaled approximately $ 1 million.
WEÊÊÊ
Excerpts From The Chemical Hall of FAME
William Henry Perlcin Π 838 - 1907) Knighted in England in 1906 for his con tributions to pure chemical research which included the discovery of the reaction de pending on the condensation of aldehydes with fatty acids. By 1906, Foremost's El Dorado Division had been a prime supplier of coconut oil to American chemists and manufacturers for more than a decade.
. Ε I
wfi^KliliUi
TATTY
EL DORADO
METHYL ESTERS
ACIDS
OF COCONUT OIL
Fatty Acids
Caprylic Eldhyco* Capric Laurie Coconut Palmitic Myristic
Methyl Esters
Caprylate Eldo 18* Coconate Myristate
Caprate . Laurate Caproate Palmitate
*T.M. Rep.
For Example: E L D O L A U R I C A C I D 9 6 - 9 9 % pure. ( Purest Laurie Acid com mercially produced.) Readily available a t an attractive price. Eldo's high stand ards give you a better, more uniform end product. For samples and specifications, write Dept. Λ' -fOREMOST F O O D A N D CHEMICAI. C O M P A N Y P. O. Box 5 9 9 , Oakland 4 , Calif.
In New York: In Detroit: H. Reisman Corp. Harry Holland & Son, Inc. In Chicago: In Cincinnati: !n Cleveland: M. B. Sweet Co. Howard Dock F. W. Kamin Co.
JAN.
7,
1957
C&EN
47
