J. Chem. Eng. Data 1999, 44, 701-714
701
Effect of NaCl or KCl on the Excess Enthalpies of Alkanol + Water Mixtures at Various Temperatures and Salt Concentrations Thorsten Friese, Peter Ulbig,* Siegfried Schulz, and Katrin Wagner Universita¨t Dortmund, Lehrstuhl fu¨r Thermodynamik, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
Excess enthalpies of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, or 2-propanol + aqueous solution of NaCl or KCl were measured using flow-mix calorimetry at various temperatures. Mixtures with all alkanols were investigated at 285.65, 298.15, 308.15, and 323.15 K; those with ethanol and both propanols were additionally investigated at 338.15 K. Furthermore, mixtures with 1-propanol were investigated at 353.15 K. The concentration of the salt water component was varied between 0 and 10 wt % salt in water. Due to the calorimetric flow-mix setup, the total salt concentration in the mixture decreases with increasing mole fraction of alkanol. The reliability of the experimental setup has already been verified in a previous work (Friese et al., 1998) by comparison with literature data. The measured excess enthalpies of alkanol E E , are given along with a formula for calculating the excess enthalpies h123 (1) + (water (2) + salt (3)), h1+23 occuring when mixing the three components in their reference states, that is pure liquids and infinitely diluted salt, respectively.
Introduction In many chemical engineering processes one has to be aware of the influence of electrolytes on the phase equilibria. Apart from processes where electrolyte solutions occur as unwanted byproducts which demand further treatment, for example neutralization reactions or gas scrubbing, the purposeful use of electrolytes in separation techniques is of increasing interest. For example, the relative volatility of mixed solvent systems is affected by the addition of salt (salting-in or salting-out) (Mock et al., 1986). Regarding azeotropic mixtures, this change in phase equilibrium can be used to design more effective and more economical distillation operations because the azeotrope can be shifted or can even be broken by using salt as extractive agent (Gironi and Lamberti, 1995). Therefore, appropriate thermodynamic models are required in order to predict phase equilibria of liquid mixtures under the influence of inorganic salts. Most of the gE models in the literature are semiempirical; that is, they contain parameters that have to be fitted to experimental data. For saltfree systems, parameters are usually fitted not only to vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data but also to activity coefficients at infinite dilution as well as to excess enthalpy data in order to increase the thermodynamic consistency of the model. Against this background, the parameters of gE models for the prediction of the salt effect on the behavior of liquid mixtures should be fitted to several kinds of experimental data, as well. However, only VLE data are available in the literature to a satisfying extent. Thus, there is a demand for further data for the systems mentioned, especially concerning excess enthalpy data (Loehe and Donohue, 1997; Renon, 1996; Achard et al., 1994). In order to create such a data base, the focus of this work was to investigate the influence of salt on the excess enthalpy of alkanol + water over a wide temperature range. * Corresponding author.
Figure 1. Comparison of salt-free excess enthalpy isotherms of ethanol (1) + water (2) with the literature: (|) Costigan et al., 1980; (0) Boyne and Williamson, 1967; (4) Chand and Fenby, 1978; (3) Lo¨wen, 1995; (O) Larkin, 1975; (b) this laboratory (Friese et al., 1998). Table 1. Solvents and Salts component
supplier
purity (as reported by the supplier)
methanol ethanol 1-propanol 2-propanol sodium chloride potassium chloride
Roth, Roti Solv. HPLC Fluka, puriss. p.a. Roth, Rotipuran Merck, gradient grade Fluka, puriss. p.a. Fluka, puriss. p.a.
g99.9% g99.8% g99.5% g99.8% g99.5% g99.5%
Experimental Section Materials. Table 1 displays the substances of interest along with their respective suppliers and purities. Before the salt water solution was prepared, the salts were dried under vacuum for at least 24 h at 240 °C. Water was distilled and filtered four times (conductivity e 1 µS‚cm-1). The organic solvents were used without further purification. They were dried with molecular sieves of 3 Å pore diameter supplied by Fluka (Dehydrat Fluka with indica-
10.1021/je980303x CCC: $18.00 © 1999 American Chemical Society Published on Web 05/22/1999
702 Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Vol. 44, No. 4, 1999 Table 2. Excess Enthalpies of Methanol (1) + (Water (2) + NaCl (3)) x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200
-367.9 -635.7 -804.7 -900.5
0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400
-945.6 -958.5 -951.3 -926.1
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.450 -894.1 0.650 0.500 -857.9 0.700 0.550 -813.9 0.750 0.600 -765.4 0.800
-710.1 -645.0 -571.7 -488.6
0.850 0.900 0.950
-392.6 -279.9 -149.2
0.040 0.080 0.120 0.160
-279.1 -507.0 -668.6 -780.9
0.200 0.240 0.280 0.320
-846.5 -893.3 -910.2 -914.1
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.360 -904.9 0.520 0.400 -890.9 0.560 0.440 -868.5 0.600 0.480 -846.1 0.640
-816.2 -782.7 -748.0 -706.7
0.680 0.720 0.760 0.800
-662.8 -611.8 -555.0 -489.2
0.035 0.070 0.105 0.140
-227.2 -411.0 -555.2 -667.5
0.175 0.210 0.245 0.280
-748.2 -796.6 -829.1 -847.9
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 10.00 wt % 0.315 -853.5 0.455 0.350 -851.6 0.490 0.385 -845.6 0.525 0.420 -832.9 0.560
-815.8 -796.8 -774.7 -751.1
0.595 0.630 0.665 0.700
-722.8 -690.4 -659.1 -618.5
0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200
-324.7 -558.9 -718.4 -815.3
0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400
-859.8 -884.4 -881.4 -864.2
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.450 -835.1 0.650 0.500 -805.3 0.700 0.550 -770.1 0.750 0.600 -724.6 0.799
-667.2 -617.1 -549.3 -472.4
0.850 0.900 0.950
-355.2 -276.3 -145.0
0.035 0.070 0.105 0.141 0.176 0.211
-210.6 -388.7 -531.1 -637.2 -711.7 -763.5
0.246 0.281 0.316 0.351 0.386 0.421
-794.5 -810.7 -815.5 -816.0 -806.7 -793.3
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.456 -778.4 0.631 0.491 -757.4 0.666 0.526 -736.6 0.701 0.561 -712.1 0.736 0.596 -685.0 0.771
-652.9 -619.0 -581.4 -538.9 -491.6
0.806 0.841 0.876 0.911 0.945
-437.9 -379.9 -309.7 -234.6 -150.9
0.035 0.070 0.105 0.140 0.175 0.211
-200.1 -366.3 -494.9 -591.7 -666.9 -714.9
0.246 0.280 0.315 0.351 0.386 0.421
-742.8 -763.4 -770.4 -770.5 -765.4 -757.8
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.456 -742.9 0.631 0.491 -725.7 0.666 0.526 -708.0 0.701 0.561 -685.6 0.736 0.595 -660.7 0.770
-632.2 -603.7 -569.2 -531.4 -490.7
0.806 0.841 0.876 0.911 0.945
-439.8 -380.3 -317.4 -244.3 -154.8
0.035 0.070 0.105 0.140 0.175 0.211
-177.3 -329.4 -446.2 -537.1 -602.5 -647.5
0.245 0.281 0.316 0.351 0.386
-676.4 -694.6 -702.5 -707.2 -703.6
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 10.00 wt % 0.421 -696.0 0.596 0.456 -684.7 0.631 0.491 -675.8 0.666 0.526 -660.5 0.700 0.561 -640.9 0.735
-623.7 -600.8 -574.3 -545.8 -515.0
0.771 0.806 0.840 0.876 0.910
-475.0 -428.9 -376.0 -313.4 -241.4
0.035 0.070 0.105 0.140 0.175
-175.8 -371.6 -461.2 -553.3 -617.9
0.210 0.245 0.280 0.315 0.350
-646.6 -669.2 -681.3 -695.7 -687.3
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.385 -687.5 0.560 0.420 -687.6 0.595 0.455 -669.9 0.630 0.490 -658.1 0.665 0.525 -626.6
-618.7 -592.5 -560.6 -536.7
0.700 0.735 0.840 0.874
-495.8 -475.1 -332.0 -283.1
x1,123
Figure 2. Effect of NaCl on the excess enthalpy of 2-propanol (1) + (water (2) + NaCl (3)) at 308.15 K: (4) 2.50 wt % w3,23(NaCl); (b) 5.00 wt % w3,23(NaCl); (3) 7.50 wt % w3,23(NaCl); (9) salt-free system.
tor). Prior to the measurements, all organic liquids were degassed by use of a water-jet vacuum pump.
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
Figure 3. Temperature dependence of the excess enthalpy of 1-propanol (1) + (water (2) + NaCl (3)) at constant salt concentration w3,23(NaCl): (0) 5.00 wt %; (9) salt-free system.
Experimental Procedure. The experimental setup has been described in detail previously (Friese et al., 1998). Salt water solutions were prepared by mass using a Sartorius
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Vol. 44, No. 4, 1999 703 Table 3. Excess Enthalpies of Methanol (1) + (Water (2) + KCl (3)) x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200
-365.1 -635.6 -804.7 -901.5
0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400
-946.5 -959.9 -950.0 -927.4
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.450 -895.8 0.650 0.500 -855.4 0.700 0.550 -812.5 0.750 0.600 -762.7 0.800
-703.9 -642.2 -568.6 -485.2
0.851 0.900 0.950
-382.3 -277.1 -143.8
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
-219.5 -409.7 -561.8 -681.2
0.150 0.180 0.210 0.240
-774.6 -834.6 -884.1 -911.7
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.270 -928.0 0.390 0.300 -933.7 0.420 0.330 -932.7 0.450 0.360 -927.7
-916.0 -897.2 -879.9
0.480 0.510 0.540
-857.0 -838.8 -809.6
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
-216.7 -399.4 -547.5 -669.9
0.150 0.180 0.210
-754.3 -820.3 -866.9
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.240 -896.6 0.330 0.270 -908.4 0.360 0.300 -917.9 0.390
-917.8 -913.6 -900.1
0.420 0.450 0.480
-885.0 -868.4 -848.4
0.040 0.080 0.120 0.160
-265.5 -481.7 -638.4 -746.5
0.200 0.240 0.280 0.320
-822.6 -861.5 -881.6 -888.6
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.360 -882.1 0.520 0.400 -865.7 0.560 0.440 -848.0 0.600 0.480 -820.3 0.640
-795.9 -759.1 -725.0 -683.9
0.680 0.720 0.760
-638.4 -587.7 -536.8
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120
-130.6 -254.3 -368.1 -462.9 -548.2 -618.5
0.140 0.160 0.180 0.200 0.220 0.240
-674.6 -725.3 -759.2 -793.5 -818.6 -834.5
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.260 -849.2 0.380 0.280 -855.8 0.400 0.300 -860.5 0.420 0.320 -861.3 0.440 0.340 -856.9 0.460 0.360 -852.7
-851.1 -847.1 -839.2 -826.5 -814.0
0.480 0.500 0.520 0.540 0.560
-803.5 -795.5 -781.6 -769.5 -745.6
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-130.6 -244.8 -358.3 -449.9 -532.1
0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180 0.200
-600.6 -654.7 -702.9 -742.6 -773.6
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.220 -795.5 0.320 0.240 -810.5 0.340 0.260 -825.7 0.360 0.280 -832.6 0.380 0.300 -836.4
-839.7 -834.4 -835.9 -831.3
0.400 0.420 0.440 0.460
-824.5 -818.5 -807.7 -801.0
0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.151
-164.0 -293.7 -412.0 -509.7 -594.6 -660.5
0.176 0.201 0.226 0.251 0.276 0.301
-711.2 -749.5 -776.8 -796.2 -807.7 -814.4
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.326 -814.1 0.476 0.351 -814.9 0.501 0.376 -810.0 0.526 0.401 -802.2 0.551 0.426 -791.6 0.576 0.451 -780.4 0.601
-765.8 -751.3 -733.3 -715.9 -696.7 -676.2
0.626 0.651 0.676 0.701 0.726 0.750
-654.3 -628.1 -602.7 -576.5 -544.7 -514.2
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120
-120.0 -233.6 -334.0 -421.9 -498.4 -565.6
0.140 0.160 0.180 0.200 0.220 0.241
-618.8 -665.5 -701.3 -732.2 -755.4 -772.1
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.260 -783.6 0.380 0.281 -795.6 0.401 0.300 -800.6 0.420 0.321 -801.0 0.441 0.341 -802.6 0.460 0.361 -800.1
-796.0 -789.4 -782.3 -772.7 -765.0
0.481 0.501 0.521 0.541 0.561
-752.3 -740.6 -732.4 -718.4 -703.3
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-116.6 -222.1 -319.5 -406.5 -478.5
0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180 0.200
-539.2 -593.5 -637.4 -673.8 -703.1
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.220 -725.5 0.321 0.240 -742.6 0.341 0.260 -754.5 0.361 0.280 -763.8 0.380 0.300 -769.9
-772.3 -773.7 -772.2 -768.8
0.400 0.421 0.440 0.461
-761.2 -755.9 -749.2 -740.2
0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.150
-126.9 -258.4 -382.1 -452.7 -509.9 -570.3
0.175 0.200 0.225 0.250 0.275 0.300
-606.1 -622.7 -660.0 -677.6 -677.1 -684.5
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.325 -685.0 0.475 0.350 -694.0 0.500 0.375 -700.1 0.525 0.400 -691.0 0.550 0.425 -687.9 0.575 0.450 -673.8 0.600
-658.7 -647.3 -628.3 -619.8 -606.9 -589.5
0.625 0.650 0.675 0.700 0.725 0.750
-573.4 -551.0 -530.3 -507.8 -482.4 -458.0
0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.140
-185.6 -267.6 -339.3 -401.9 -502.5 -542.3
0.160 0.180 0.200 0.220 0.240 0.260
-583.3 -598.3 -609.2 -621.2 -640.3 -663.3
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.280 -674.0 0.380 0.300 -671.9 0.400 0.320 -676.8 0.420 0.340 -673.7 0.440 0.360 -667.7 0.460
-660.7 -666.5 -658.1 -653.3 -647.0
0.480 0.500 0.520 0.540 0.560
-636.0 -617.1 -612.9 -597.9 -596.9
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-92.1 -182.6 -296.6 -401.6 -456.0
0.120 0.140 0.160 0.200 0.220
-501.5 -527.8 -563.4 -585.7 -594.6
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.240 -609.8 0.320 0.260 -621.0 0.340 0.280 -638.3 0.360 0.300 -650.0 0.380
-652.1 -656.6 -650.2 -650.1
0.400 0.420 0.440 0.460
-643.5 -633.9 -631.0 -621.8
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
704 Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Vol. 44, No. 4, 1999 Table 4. Excess Enthalpies of Ethanol (1) + (Water (2) + NaCl (3)) x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125
-280.5 -519.4 -707.3 -835.2 -905.6
0.150 0.175 0.200 0.225
-933.2 -934.7 -914.6 -889.8
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.250 -858.4 0.380 0.275 -825.0 0.420 0.300 -789.3 0.460 0.340 -733.5 0.500
-677.8 -623.0 -574.3 -526.2
0.540 0.580 0.620 0.660
-483.3 -445.1 -407.1 -375.7
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-211.1 -402.4 -561.0 -682.6
0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
-770.0 -823.0 -850.6 -858.1
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 3.96 wt % 0.180 -853.3 0.260 0.200 -841.1 0.280 0.220 -824.2 0.300 0.240 -801.5 0.320
-778.6 -756.7 -731.8 -707.4
0.340 0.360 0.380
-682.1 -657.4 -633.1
0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125
-255.5 -472.1 -637.9 -746.0 -806.2
0.150 0.175 0.200 0.225 0.250
-827.3 -827.4 -813.9 -792.6 -767.9
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.275 -737.3 0.375 0.300 -711.1 0.400 0.325 -680.2 0.425 0.350 -651.4 0.450
-621.6 -592.7 -565.1 -538.4
0.475 0.500 0.525 0.550
-511.0 -485.2 -460.8 -437.2
0.020 0.040 0.060
-199.0 -381.3 -532.7
0.080 0.100 0.120
-646.4 -726.2 -773.4
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 5.98 wt % 0.140 -798.5 0.200 0.160 -803.7 0.220 0.180 -800.2 0.240
-788.8 -772.3 -754.9
0.260 0.280 0.300
-732.8 -712.9 -690.5
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-181.1 -341.7 -476.4 -573.7
0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
-640.3 -677.5 -695.7 -700.4
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 10.00 wt % 0.180 -698.2 0.240 0.200 -689.7 0.260 0.220 -676.8 0.280
-662.5 -646.9 -630.1
0.300 0.320 0.340
-611.4 -593.4 -574.7
0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200
-440.2 -688.6 -762.8 -745.8
0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400
-697.3 -636.7 -575.5 -515.5
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.450 -459.7 0.650 0.500 -409.0 0.700 0.550 -364.7 0.750 0.600 -326.1 0.801
-294.7 -267.5 -243.1 -217.8
0.850 0.900 0.950
-188.3 -149.8 -85.6
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-151.2 -285.8 -385.7 -453.4 -513.9
0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180 0.200
-541.6 -553.1 -554.3 -550.1 -540.7
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 10.00 wt % 0.220 -528.0 0.320 0.240 -515.2 0.340 0.260 -499.2 0.360 0.280 -483.8 0.380 0.300 -468.4 0.400
-451.1 -434.6 -418.2 -401.1 -384.4
0.420 0.440 0.460 0.480 0.500
-369.4 -353.3 -337.6 -323.7 -312.3
0.040 0.080 0.121 0.161 0.201
-306.8 -508.3 -597.9 -614.2 -593.3
0.241 0.281 0.321 0.361 0.402
-557.2 -514.4 -470.0 -425.0 -383.2
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.442 -342.8 0.641 0.482 -306.5 0.681 0.522 -274.5 0.721 0.561 -247.0 0.762 0.601 -220.7
-201.2 -185.2 -172.2 -160.1
0.801 0.841 0.881 0.921
-149.6 -141.2 -113.1 -84.0
0.030 0.060 0.091 0.121
-218.1 -379.2 -480.0 -524.6
0.151 0.181 0.211 0.241
-535.7 -527.1 -507.4 -483.6
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.271 -456.2 0.392 0.301 -427.5 0.421 0.331 -398.5 0.451 0.361 -370.3 0.481
-342.2 -316.2 -290.8 -266.8
0.511 0.541 0.572 0.601
-244.9 -225.4 -207.7 -192.2
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-129.9 -240.0 -323.4 -380.2 -414.9
0.121 0.141 0.161 0.181 0.201
-431.3 -436.5 -434.0 -427.0 -416.5
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 10.00 wt % 0.221 -403.9 0.301 0.241 -390.4 0.321 0.261 -375.8 0.341 0.281 -360.2 0.361
-345.2 -328.7 -312.5 -297.2
0.381 0.401 0.421 0.442
-281.7 -265.4 -251.4 -236.5
0.040 0.080 0.120 0.160 0.200
-228.0 -363.4 -415.6 -412.9 -386.1
0.240 0.280 0.320 0.360 0.400
-349.8 -308.4 -266.5 -226.6 -188.7
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.440 -154.1 0.639 0.480 -123.7 0.680 0.520 -98.4 0.720 0.560 -77.2 0.760 0.600 -62.0
-51.4 -45.2 -43.7 -44.4
0.799 0.840 0.879 0.921
-48.2 -50.9 -50.9 -43.7
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
-160.4 -274.1 -337.5 -357.7
0.150 0.180 0.210 0.240
-356.4 -341.4 -319.4 -294.0
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.270 -267.1 0.390 0.300 -238.4 0.420 0.330 -210.2 0.450 0.360 -184.1 0.480
-158.9 -135.4 -113.9 -93.6
0.510 0.540 0.570 0.600
-76.8 -62.4 -50.1 -40.2
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-95.8 -173.5 -227.5 -260.6 -276.9
0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180 0.200
-281.2 -277.7 -268.9 -258.0 -244.7
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 10.00 wt % 0.220 -229.4 0.300 0.240 -216.2 0.320 0.260 -201.1 0.340 0.280 -185.7 0.360
-169.4 -153.2 -138.7 -123.2
0.380 0.400 0.420 0.440
-108.7 -94.7 -80.9 -68.2
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Vol. 44, No. 4, 1999 705 Table 4 (Continued) x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
0.040 0.080 0.120 0.160 0.200
-156.9 -234.5 -249.0 -231.0 -194.5
0.240 0.280 0.320 0.360 0.400
-150.9 -108.2 -67.3 -29.0 7.9
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.440 38.2 0.600 0.480 62.4 0.639 0.519 81.8 0.680 0.560 95.8 0.720
103.9 101.8 101.0 86.6
0.799 0.840 0.879 0.921
62.2 38.0 31.9 26.6
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
-109.1 -177.3 -209.1 -205.5
0.150 0.180 0.210 0.240
-191.1 -166.8 -137.9 -109.3
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.270 -77.5 0.390 0.300 -50.7 0.420 0.330 -22.5 0.450 0.360 1.3 0.480
24.9 46.3 65.0 80.4
0.510 0.540 0.570 0.600
93.7 103.9 109.2 114.4
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-62.6 -109.9 -139.7 -151.5 -153.3
0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180 0.200
-146.3 -133.2 -122.3 -102.1 -83.6
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 10.00 wt % 0.220 -67.1 0.300 0.240 -45.8 0.320 0.260 -30.0 0.340 0.280 -11.1 0.360
5.9 21.6 38.0 54.4
0.380 0.400 0.419 0.439
67.4 79.4 92.8 104.8
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.275 -833.0 0.375 0.300 -796.1 0.400 0.325 -760.9 0.425 0.350 -724.0 0.450
-687.8 -653.5 -620.8 -590.1
0.475 0.500 0.525 0.550
-559.5 -530.5 -501.3 -476.0
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
Table 5. Excess Enthalpies of Ethanol (1) + (Water (2) + KCl (3)) x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125
-285.2 -525.9 -713.4 -841.6 -912.9
0.150 0.175 0.200 0.225 0.250
-942.6 -943.1 -925.8 -898.9 -865.9
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-214.1 -405.4 -568.6 -692.0
0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
-781.2 -837.0 -865.5 -873.9
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.180 -867.1 0.260 0.200 -859.5 0.280 0.220 -842.0 0.300 0.240 -819.3 0.320
-798.0 -773.5 -751.1 -725.3
0.340 0.360 0.380
-697.9 -675.9 -649.3
0.020 0.040 0.060
-204.6 -392.3 -546.0
0.080 0.100 0.120
-665.2 -747.8 -799.5
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.140 -826.5 0.200 0.160 -835.1 0.220 0.180 -834.1 0.240
-821.1 -805.8 -788.0
0.260 0.280 0.300
-767.9 -747.3 -726.5
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
-276.6 -499.4 -648.2 -727.7
0.150 0.180 0.210 0.240
-757.7 -754.4 -733.7 -704.5
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.270 -670.4 0.390 0.300 -635.4 0.420 0.330 -594.9 0.450 0.360 -562.3 0.480
-528.6 -491.9 -457.5 -426.8
0.510 0.540 0.570 0.600
-398.3 -371.6 -346.5 -325.4
0.030 0.060 0.090
-257.2 -459.2 -575.5
0.120 0.150 0.180
-668.2 -689.2 -687.9
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.210 -668.7 0.300 0.240 -645.1 0.330 0.270 -615.0 0.360
-585.7 -553.6 -517.9
0.390 0.420 0.450
-487.5 -454.0 -423.6
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-173.0 -322.3 -443.3 -543.8
0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
-603.3 -638.1 -658.8 -664.6
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.180 -657.8 0.240 0.200 -652.1 0.260 0.220 -638.4 0.280
-622.2 -604.2 -585.3
0.300 0.320 0.340
-567.5 -545.6 -515.7
0.030 0.060 0.091 0.121
-240.9 -426.8 -546.2 -606.5
0.151 0.181 0.211 0.241
-623.5 -616.2 -595.4 -565.8
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.271 -533.9 0.391 0.301 -499.2 0.421 0.331 -465.5 0.452 0.362 -430.9 0.481
-399.7 -368.7 -340.6 -315.0
0.511 0.542 0.572 0.602
-289.8 -266.3 -245.9 -227.6
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.101
-155.1 -288.0 -396.4 -473.4 -525.4
0.121 0.141 0.161 0.181 0.201
-555.1 -567.0 -567.4 -560.9 -549.3
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.221 -534.8 0.321 0.241 -517.0 0.342 0.261 -498.1 0.361 0.281 -478.9 0.381 0.301 -459.0
-439.7 -419.5 -399.7 -380.0
0.402 0.422 0.442 0.461
-361.5 -342.3 -324.5 -308.1
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-147.3 -275.8 -376.0 -449.2
0.101 0.121 0.141 0.161
-495.8 -521.7 -532.6 -532.8
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.181 -526.3 0.241 0.201 -515.3 0.261 0.221 -501.4 0.281
-485.7 -468.4 -450.4
0.301 0.321 0.341
-432.3 -414.4 -396.8
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
-187.4 -313.0 -389.1 -421.6
0.150 0.180 0.210 0.240
-424.2 -409.9 -386.5 -357.0
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.270 -326.2 0.390 0.300 -293.3 0.420 0.330 -263.8 0.450 0.360 -231.7 0.480
-203.2 -176.2 -151.4 -128.2
0.510 0.540 0.570 0.599
-108.3 -90.6 -76.4 -64.5
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
706 Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Vol. 44, No. 4, 1999 Table 5 (Continued) x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-118.0 -214.7 -289.3 -339.1 -368.8
0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180 0.200
-382.5 -383.8 -378.0 -367.5 -352.5
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.220 -335.9 0.320 0.240 -318.6 0.340 0.260 -299.8 0.360 0.280 -280.8 0.380 0.300 -262.0
-243.1 -224.0 -206.0 -188.2
0.400 0.420 0.440 0.460
-171.4 -155.2 -139.8 -125.3
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-111.9 -204.6 -272.7 -319.1
0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
-344.2 -355.1 -356.2 -349.5
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.180 -339.0 0.240 0.200 -325.5 0.260 0.220 -309.7 0.280
-292.6 -275.4 -257.4
0.300 0.320 0.340
-239.7 -221.8 -204.2
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
-128.9 -202.3 -248.1 -250.2
0.150 0.180 0.210 0.240
-239.2 -214.1 -186.7 -155.7
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.270 -122.7 0.390 0.300 -90.5 0.419 0.330 -59.4 0.449 0.360 -30.2 0.480
-3.9 20.8 42.8 61.7
0.510 0.540 0.569 0.599
76.6 89.1 98.6 103.9
0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100
-98.8 -174.2 -208.7 -224.0
0.125 0.150 0.175 0.200
-221.4 -208.2 -188.9 -164.9
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.225 -141.0 0.325 0.250 -116.1 0.350 0.275 -92.6 0.375 0.300 -64.8
-42.2 -19.8 1.9
0.400 0.425 0.450
21.1 40.4 55.9
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-75.2 -134.2 -172.7 -199.2
0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
-202.6 -200.0 -188.6 -178.9
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.180 -163.8 0.240 0.200 -143.4 0.260 0.220 -125.1 0.280
-107.3 -88.9 -69.8
0.300 0.320 0.340
-51.8 -34.1 -6.5
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.235 -323.6 0.375 0.270 -274.7 0.410 0.305 -227.2 0.445 0.340 -180.8 0.480
-138.6 -98.1 -60.0 -24.5
0.515 0.549 0.584 0.620
6.9 32.1 53.8 69.5
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 3.00 wt % 0.160 -386.3 0.220 0.180 -361.9 0.240 0.200 -334.8 0.260
-308.4 -284.9 -259.8
0.280 0.300 0.320
-234.8 -211.0 -187.8
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.105 -405.2 0.135 0.120 -389.4 0.150
-373.5 -357.4
0.165 0.180
-339.7 -322.6
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
Table 6. Excess Enthalpies of 1-Propanol (1) + (Water (2) + NaCl (3)) x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-236.8 -419.4 -517.0 -529.0 -511.8
0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180 0.200
-485.4 -459.8 -429.7 -401.5 -373.8
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-224.1 -391.0 -471.4 -475.9
0.100 0.120 0.140
-458.0 -436.0 -412.1
0.015 0.030 0.045
-161.8 -296.7 -390.1
0.060 0.075 0.090
-426.6 -428.2 -419.6
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
-253.5 -355.8 -343.2 -307.5
0.150 0.180 0.210 0.240
-268.4 -227.0 -186.0 -146.5
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.270 -105.3 0.390 0.300 -69.6 0.420 0.330 -32.2 0.450 0.360 3.7 0.481
39.6 68.8 99.3 123.3
0.510 0.540 0.571
144.8 165.9 179.8
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-170.9 -285.7 -322.9 -315.5
0.100 0.120 0.140
-295.6 -273.1 -249.2
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 3.00 wt % 0.160 -223.2 0.240 0.180 -198.3 0.280 0.200 -174.5 0.320
-123.5 -76.9 -30.9
0.360 0.400 0.440
12.7 54.5 95.7
0.020 0.040 0.060
-157.7 -263.9 -288.1
0.080 0.100 0.120
-278.0 -262.3 -239.9
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.140 -217.8 0.200 0.160 -196.5 0.220 0.180 -173.1 0.240
-151.2 -128.5 -106.8
0.280 0.320 0.360
-62.3 -21.6 15.3
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.121
-194.2 -241.4 -207.7 -162.2
0.151 0.181 0.211 0.241
-119.6 -77.3 -37.2 1.9
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.271 39.3 0.392 0.301 76.2 0.421 0.331 110.2 0.452 0.361 143.1 0.481
174.6 203.2 229.7 252.2
0.512 0.542 0.571
272.2 287.7 298.8
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-134.2 -209.8 -220.5 -203.3
0.100 0.121 0.141
-179.0 -152.9 -126.4
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 3.00 wt % 0.161 -100.1 0.241 0.181 -74.1 0.281 0.201 -47.4 0.321
3.9 54.6 100.5
0.361 0.401 0.441
144.8 184.2 216.2
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Vol. 44, No. 4, 1999 707 Table 6 (Continued) x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
0.020 0.040 0.060
-124.7 -188.2 -191.0
0.080 0.100 0.121
-172.8 -150.0 -126.4
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.141 -102.1 0.201 0.161 -78.3 0.221 0.181 -53.8 0.241
-30.1 -6.9 16.7
0.281 0.321 0.361
60.6 103.9 145.5
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
-109.5 -106.5 -59.3 -8.7
0.150 0.180 0.210 0.240
41.9 89.9 138.7 184.1
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.270 226.0 0.390 0.300 268.4 0.420 0.330 307.7 0.450 0.360 343.3 0.480
375.7 404.2 429.4 451.0
0.510 0.540 0.570
467.1 479.4 485.3
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-78.5 -104.1 -87.4 -57.1
0.100 0.120 0.140
-24.3 7.4 39.7
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 3.00 wt % 0.160 70.0 0.240 0.180 101.2 0.280 0.200 131.6 0.320
189.9 244.3 294.5
0.360 0.400 0.440
339.9 380.7 416.6
0.020 0.040 0.060
-70.7 -88.7 -68.0
0.080 0.100 0.120
-37.8 -7.0 22.6
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.140 52.3 0.200 0.160 82.8 0.220 0.180 111.1 0.240
140.2 167.8 194.9
0.280 0.320 0.360
245.7 293.0 337.4
0.015 0.030 0.045 0.060 0.075
-32.5 -40.2 -25.4 4.2 37.2
0.090 0.105 0.150 0.180 0.210
69.0 101.9 191.4 250.2 302.4
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.240 353.6 0.359 0.270 400.6 0.389 0.299 445.1 0.420 0.330 485.8 0.449
524.3 555.1 583.1 605.6
0.480 0.509 0.540 0.570
623.6 638.8 644.5 647.1
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-34.9 -22.2 15.0 56.8
0.100 0.120 0.140
98.2 139.3 177.1
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 3.00 wt % 0.160 214.1 0.240 0.180 250.5 0.280 0.200 284.7 0.320
351.1 411.9 466.9
0.360 0.399 0.439
515.3 558.9 595.1
0.020 0.040 0.060
-22.7 -3.8 31.9
0.080 0.100 0.120
74.6 115.5 152.6
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.140 189.7 0.200 0.160 223.1 0.220 0.180 257.7 0.240
290.7 322.5 352.9
0.280 0.320 0.360
410.9 463.8 511.7
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
26.2 108.7 197.1 276.4
0.150 0.180 0.210 0.240
349.0 417.0 477.5 536.3
T ) 353.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.270 590.4 0.390 0.300 639.1 0.420 0.330 682.2 0.450 0.360 720.1 0.480
754.7 782.8 802.6 817.3
0.510 0.540 0.570
827.3 830.5 823.6
0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100
20.8 85.8 158.1 225.7
0.125 0.150 0.175 0.200
288.4 346.6 401.0 452.3
T ) 353.15 K, w3,23 ) 3.00 wt % 0.225 499.1 0.325 0.250 543.8 0.350 0.275 587.1 0.375 0.300 626.3
662.3 694.9 723.2
0.400 0.425 0.450
749.9 772.4 789.6
0.025 0.050 0.075
26.7 93.0 163.2
0.100 0.125 0.150
229.8 288.1 343.3
T ) 353.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.175 395.2 0.250 0.200 443.0 0.275 0.225 490.1 0.300
532.8 574.6 613.7
0.325 0.350
650.3 678.5
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
Table 7. Excess Enthalpies of 1-Propanol (1) + (Water (2) + KCl (3)) x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-239.9 -422.6 -521.0 -538.8
0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
-519.6 -495.1 -464.2 -439.5
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.180 -410.4 0.305 0.200 -387.7 0.340 0.235 -328.6 0.375 0.270 -279.0 0.410
-230.8 -184.6 -140.4 -98.7
0.445 0.480 0.514 0.550
-61.3 -25.6 3.6 30.9
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-228.4 -402.1 -489.8 -499.4
0.100 0.120 0.140
-482.1 -459.9 -432.8
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 3.00 wt % 0.160 -406.7 0.220 0.180 -380.4 0.240 0.200 -353.6 0.260
-326.9 -301.1 -275.1
0.280 0.300 0.320
-249.1 -225.0 -201.0
0.015 0.030 0.045
-168.7 -310.0 -411.8
0.060 0.075 0.090
-458.8 -463.8 -454.1
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.105 -438.1 0.135 0.120 -422.3 0.150
-405.3 -388.9
0.165 0.180
-371.2 -352.3
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-183.3 -312.3 -364.2 -362.0 -341.6
0.120 0.140 0.170 0.200
-317.9 -289.2 -246.9 -206.7
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.230 -166.5 0.350 0.260 -126.5 0.380 0.290 -88.6 0.411 0.320 -47.1 0.440
-12.6 21.6 57.0 84.3
0.471 0.500 0.531 0.561
111.2 137.4 156.3 174.5
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
708 Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Vol. 44, No. 4, 1999 Table 7 (Continued) x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-176.5 -295.9 -338.7 -332.7
0.100 0.120 0.140
-314.1 -291.2 -266.4
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 3.00 wt % 0.160 -242.8 0.240 0.180 -215.5 0.280 0.200 -190.8 0.320
-139.3 -90.7 -44.1
0.360 0.400 0.441
-0.1 41.4 79.2
0.020 0.040 0.060
-169.5 -279.9 -314.3
0.080 0.100 0.120
-305.7 -287.7 -266.9
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.140 -243.7 0.200 0.160 -220.5 0.220 0.180 -193.3 0.240
-174.5 -154.3 -132.6
0.280 0.320 0.360
-86.5 -41.4 2.5
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-144.5 -232.8 -254.8 -239.8 -214.9
0.120 0.141 0.171 0.201
-187.3 -159.1 -108.3 -66.4
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.231 -24.9 0.351 0.261 14.6 0.381 0.291 54.8 0.411 0.321 92.4 0.442
127.1 159.1 190.5 219.0
0.471 0.501 0.531 0.561
244.0 266.2 281.9 295.4
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-139.3 -219.7 -233.0 -219.0
0.101 0.121 0.141
-194.5 -168.3 -141.9
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 3.00 wt % 0.161 -114.9 0.241 0.181 -88.0 0.281 0.201 -61.4 0.321
-8.1 41.4 89.5
0.362 0.402 0.441
134.7 176.2 211.9
0.020 0.040 0.060
-132.3 -205.2 -214.2
0.080 0.100 0.120
-196.2 -173.1 -149.3
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.141 -123.3 0.201 0.161 -98.2 0.221 0.181 -73.3 0.241
-48.7 -23.2 -1.2
0.281 0.321 0.361
44.7 88.9 133.5
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-85.8 -121.6 -110.2 -79.9 -46.5
0.120 0.140 0.170 0.200
-12.7 21.2 71.2 119.3
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.230 165.5 0.350 0.260 211.0 0.380 0.290 253.2 0.410 0.320 292.4 0.440
330.0 363.3 394.2 421.2
0.470 0.500 0.530 0.560
443.2 461.5 476.1 483.9
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-81.0 -110.3 -96.1 -65.7
0.100 0.120 0.140
-33.1 -1.1 30.5
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 3.00 wt % 0.160 62.3 0.240 0.180 93.4 0.280 0.200 122.4 0.320
180.6 236.2 286.3
0.360 0.400 0.440
333.6 373.0 409.3
0.020 0.040 0.060
-76.9 -101.2 -83.2
0.080 0.100 0.120
-53.6 -22.7 8.0
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.140 39.5 0.200 0.160 68.2 0.220 0.180 97.6 0.240
127.4 155.9 183.5
0.280 0.320 0.360
235.5 283.9 324.3
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-37.4 -33.0 1.0 44.9 88.9
0.120 0.140 0.170 0.200
130.9 171.4 229.7 285.4
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.230 337.8 0.350 0.260 387.0 0.380 0.290 433.1 0.410 0.320 475.2 0.439
513.2 548.1 578.5 602.2
0.470 0.500 0.530 0.559
623.1 638.0 647.7 650.0
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-33.7 -26.0 7.8 53.3
0.100 0.120 0.140
95.3 132.9 171.5
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 3.00 wt % 0.160 208.9 0.240 0.180 246.5 0.280 0.200 281.0 0.320
348.0 410.1 465.5
0.359 0.400 0.440
513.2 557.1 587.1
0.020 0.040 0.060
-30.7 -19.6 18.8
0.080 0.100 0.120
58.7 97.9 137.6
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.140 173.6 0.200 0.160 210.4 0.220 0.180 244.9 0.240
279.1 312.0 343.0
0.280 0.320 0.359
402.4 454.8 502.9
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
7.2 57.7 107.3 170.2 227.3
0.120 0.140 0.170 0.200
279.8 330.8 401.9 466.4
T ) 353.15 K, w3,23 ) 1.00 wt % 0.230 527.5 0.350 0.260 585.8 0.380 0.290 636.3 0.410 0.320 682.3 0.440
725.5 760.5 791.4 815.8
0.470 0.500 0.530 0.560
830.6 845.5 846.8 848.5
0.030 0.060 0.090
29.7 112.0 196.8
0.120 0.150 0.180
276.6 351.7 416.7
T ) 353.15 K, w3,23 ) 3.00 wt % 0.210 478.2 0.300 0.240 536.6 0.330 0.270 590.8 0.360
635.7 683.1 720.2
0.390 0.420 0.450
753.7 785.7 806.9
0.025 0.050 0.075
20.6 88.0 157.1
0.100 0.125 0.150
226.0 287.3 344.4
T ) 353.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.175 404.1 0.250 0.200 449.2 0.275 0.225 496.6 0.300
542.1 584.2 622.1
0.325 0.350
659.8 693.6
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Vol. 44, No. 4, 1999 709 Table 8. Excess Enthalpies of 2-Propanol (1) + (Water (2) + NaCl (3)) x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-285.9 -524.4 -694.9 -773.6
0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
-793.3 -777.2 -754.8 -721.7
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 2.50 wt % 0.180 -686.5 0.200 -647.6 0.225 -602.3 0.250 -553.1
0.275 0.300 0.325 0.350
-504.2 -456.8 -409.0 -361.2
0.375 0.400 0.425
-316.3 -271.9 -228.7
0.015 0.030 0.045 0.059
-197.1 -372.9 -523.3 -617.7
0.074 0.089 0.104
-664.1 -679.2 -674.2
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 5.98 wt % 0.119 -658.3 0.164 0.134 -644.8 0.179 0.149 -623.4 0.193
-610.2 -582.0 -558.7
0.208 0.223 0.238
-537.6 -516.0 -491.5
0.015 0.030 0.045 0.060
-192.3 -361.3 -510.6 -579.2
0.075 0.090 0.105
-621.9 -628.6 -628.6
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.120 -612.6 0.165 0.135 -599.9 0.180 0.150 -579.6 0.195
-559.5 -540.1 -518.7
0.210 0.225 0.240
-493.9 -473.3 -454.0
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.121
-338.7 -540.5 -593.1 -582.6
0.151 0.181 0.211 0.241
-544.5 -486.5 -450.4 -402.0
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 2.50 wt % 0.271 -340.7 0.301 -288.8 0.331 -238.4 0.361 -182.8
0.392 0.422 0.452 0.482
-145.4 -94.0 -48.2 -0.3
0.512 0.542 0.572
55.2 82.4 122.8
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-222.9 -391.8 -491.5 -524.7 -524.0
0.120 0.140 0.161 0.181
-511.3 -490.5 -465.6 -437.7
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.201 -411.2 0.221 -380.6 0.241 -351.4 0.261 -330.6
0.281 0.301 0.321 0.341
-286.4 -256.4 -223.7 -188.3
0.361 0.381 0.401 0.421
-156.3 -127.8 -97.3 -65.5
0.020 0.040 0.060
-204.3 -361.3 -442.9
0.080 0.100 0.120
-467.4 -463.3 -450.9
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.140 -431.6 0.201 0.161 -408.1 0.221 0.181 -385.0
-359.9 -332.7
0.241 0.261
-307.2 -274.4
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
-280.6 -434.3 -463.3 -442.7
0.150 0.180 0.210 0.240
-405.7 -362.3 -315.3 -267.3
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 2.50 wt % 0.270 -215.7 0.300 -164.9 0.330 -114.6 0.360 -66.1
0.390 0.420 0.450 0.480
-17.9 28.3 72.1 114.2
0.510 0.541 0.571
152.9 191.5 219.8
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-186.3 -319.4 -385.7 -402.1 -395.4
0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180
-378.9 -356.6 -330.9 -303.7
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.200 -277.2 0.220 -249.6 0.240 -220.8 0.260 -189.5
0.280 0.300 0.320 0.340
-161.1 -132.8 -101.3 -72.0
0.360 0.380 0.400 0.420
-40.0 -12.3 16.7 49.4
0.020 0.040 0.060
-172.5 -291.2 -346.7
0.080 0.100 0.120
-357.1 -348.7 -332.0
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.140 -310.9 0.200 0.160 -289.6 0.220 0.180 -264.1 0.240
-238.2 -212.8 -185.9
0.260 0.280
-158.3 -130.7
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
-198.9 -276.5 -276.1 -244.6
0.150 0.180 0.210 0.240
-204.3 -159.3 -113.8 -66.0
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 2.50 wt % 0.270 -16.9 0.300 29.0 0.330 75.4 0.360 121.7
0.390 0.420 0.450 0.480
164.8 208.4 246.5 282.7
0.510 0.540 0.571
315.1 342.3 368.1
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-136.7 -216.6 -246.9 -245.5 -229.9
0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180
-208.0 -183.1 -155.7 -127.8
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.200 -99.6 0.220 -70.5 0.240 -40.0 0.260 -9.4
0.280 0.300 0.320 0.340
19.9 49.2 77.0 105.7
0.360 0.380 0.400 0.420
133.4 161.9 189.4 216.1
0.020 0.040 0.060
-122.9 -193.3 -215.0
0.080 0.100 0.120
-209.1 -190.5 -168.5
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.140 -145.2 0.200 0.160 -119.2 0.220 0.180 -92.4 0.240
-67.1 -39.3 -10.3
0.260 0.280
17.3 42.0
0.015 0.030 0.045 0.060 0.075
-75.3 -128.1 -156.8 -162.0 -154.0
0.090 0.105 0.150 0.180 0.210
-138.8 -118.8 -53.6 -4.1 42.4
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 2.50 wt % 0.240 90.3 0.270 138.6 0.300 185.2 0.330 229.0
0.360 0.390 0.420 0.450
271.7 312.6 350.0 383.5
0.480 0.510 0.540 0.570
413.6 439.6 462.8 479.8
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100
-96.3 -129.3 -135.4 -119.7 -95.0
0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180
-66.6 -39.1 -11.2 19.2
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.200 47.5 0.220 79.4 0.240 109.5 0.260 137.9
0.280 0.300 0.320 0.340
169.5 196.7 222.8 250.2
0.360 0.380 0.400 0.420
280.4 303.0 328.4 351.8
0.020 0.040 0.060
-73.9 -105.8 -106.1
0.080 0.100 0.120
-91.4 -70.3 -44.2
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.140 -17.4 0.200 0.160 12.0 0.220 0.180 39.3 0.240
69.8 98.1 130.8
0.260 0.280
154.4 184.4
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
710 Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Vol. 44, No. 4, 1999 Table 9. Excess Enthalpies of 2-Propanol (1) + (Water (2) + KCl (3)) x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-290.9 -536.2 -711.0 -798.3
0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
-817.1 -805.0 -778.3 -747.1
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 2.50 wt % 0.180 -709.7 0.275 0.200 -671.6 0.300 0.225 -622.6 0.325 0.250 -571.0 0.350
-523.2 -474.9 -427.1 -377.1
0.375 0.400 0.425
-332.0 -284.9 -244.6
0.020 0.040
-280.2 -509.9
0.060 0.080
-673.0 -747.2
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.100 -766.7 0.140 0.120 -749.4 0.160
-723.0 -694.1
0.180 0.200
-659.4 -623.4
0.015 0.030 0.045
-202.3 -382.4 -530.9
0.060 0.075 0.090
-629.2 -679.8 -699.0
T ) 285.65 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.105 -699.8 0.150 0.120 -687.9 0.165 0.135 -672.8 0.180
-655.8 -635.1 -614.1
0.195 0.210 0.225
-590.6 -566.4 -547.5
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.121
-342.7 -557.2 -614.6 -603.1
0.151 0.181 0.211 0.241
-564.2 -515.9 -467.1 -417.1
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 2.50 wt % 0.271 -363.7 0.391 0.301 -313.1 0.421 0.331 -257.9 0.451 0.361 -199.5
-149.3 -100.1 -53.9
0.481 0.511 0.542
5.7 50.5 109.5
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-222.6 -411.3 -515.7 -561.4
0.100 0.121 0.141 0.161
-566.5 -553.0 -532.8 -506.8
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.181 -480.2 0.261 0.201 -450.8 0.281 0.221 -419.3 0.301 0.241 -385.1 0.321
-352.7 -322.1 -290.2 -252.6
0.341 0.361 0.381
-225.2 -191.8 -162.8
0.020 0.040 0.060
-216.8 -385.9 -482.2
0.080 0.100 0.121
-516.6 -518.3 -504.4
T ) 298.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.141 -487.1 0.201 0.160 -463.8 0.221 0.181 -433.9 0.241
-410.7 -382.2 -352.7
0.261 0.281
-321.6 -283.4
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
-285.3 -442.9 -477.2 -458.3
0.150 0.180 0.210 0.240
-421.3 -376.6 -327.2 -278.0
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 2.50 wt % 0.270 -225.9 0.390 0.300 -177.5 0.420 0.330 -127.3 0.450 0.360 -76.4 0.480
-23.5 22.8 64.4 105.5
0.510 0.540 0.570
146.0 182.7 212.5
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-191.3 -333.8 -409.9 -434.3
0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
-431.2 -414.9 -392.9 -369.1
T ) 308.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.180 -339.8 0.260 0.200 -310.8 0.280 0.220 -282.2 0.300 0.240 -252.1 0.320
-220.4 -188.0 -157.3 -125.8
0.340 0.360 0.380
-97.2 -61.0 -31.1
0.020 0.040 0.060
-182.4 -315.9 -384.0
0.080 0.100 0.120
-400.7 -395.5 -380.2
T ) 308.1.5 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.140 -359.8 0.200 0.160 -334.4 0.220 0.180 -309.2 0.240
-282.3 -255.0 -224.7
0.260 0.280
-200.5 -169.3
0.030 0.060 0.090 0.120
-204.2 -290.2 -291.8 -262.1
0.150 0.180 0.210 0.240
-221.9 -175.9 -129.1 -80.3
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 2.50 wt % 0.270 -31.3 0.390 0.300 15.9 0.420 0.330 63.3 0.450 0.360 109.6 0.480
152.8 196.3 236.5 272.5
0.510 0.540 0.570
305.6 335.0 359.2
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-140.5 -229.4 -267.2 -268.6
0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
-254.4 -232.6 -207.9 -181.4
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.180 -151.9 0.260 0.200 -122.7 0.280 0.220 -91.6 0.300 0.240 -63.3 0.320
-31.9 -3.1 27.8 58.9
0.340 0.360 0.380
87.0 116.8 143.8
0.020 0.040 0.060
-132.2 -213.6 -244.0
0.080 0.100 0.120
-242.1 -227.1 -207.6
T ) 323.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.140 -183.5 0.200 0.160 -157.9 0.220 0.180 -130.3 0.240
-102.2 -74.7 -47.2
0.260 0.280
-16.3 15.2
0.015 0.030 0.045 0.060 0.075
-80.8 -132.2 -162.8 -169.8 -162.7
0.090 0.105 0.150 0.180 0.210
-146.8 -126.7 -62.7 -12.7 33.8
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 2.50 wt % 0.240 83.3 0.360 0.270 130.7 0.390 0.300 178.5 0.419 0.330 222.9 0.449
267.9 306.2 344.2 381.3
0.480 0.510 0.540 0.570
412.3 440.4 464.8 483.6
0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080
-92.0 -142.7 -153.6 -138.5
0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
-115.0 -87.5 -58.5 -27.5
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 5.00 wt % 0.180 3.5 0.260 0.200 33.6 0.280 0.220 63.0 0.300 0.240 93.6 0.320
124.5 153.8 184.0 211.0
0.340 0.360 0.380
240.1 269.8 294.5
0.020 0.040 0.060
-87.7 -132.1 -137.7
0.080 0.100 0.120
-122.5 -98.7 -72.1
T ) 338.15 K, w3,23 ) 7.50 wt % 0.140 -44.4 0.200 0.160 -17.9 0.220 0.180 14.0 0.240
42.6 72.3 102.3
0.260 0.280
128.5 157.3
x1,123
E h1+23 /J‚mol-1
x1,123
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Vol. 44, No. 4, 1999 711 Table 10. Excess Enthalpies of Methanol (1) + Water (2) x1,12
E h1+2 /J‚mol-1
x1,12
E h1+2 /J‚mol-1
x1,12
E h1+2 /J‚mol-1
x1,12
E h1+2 /J‚mol-1
0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200
-363.1 -644.1 -795.6 -901.5
0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400
-947.9 -962.6 -954.0 -928.1
T ) 285.65 K 0.450 -898.7 0.500 -857.3 0.550 -813.1 0.600 -761.7
0.650 0.700 0.750 0.800
-706.3 -643.8 -567.8 -485.0
0.850 0.900 0.950
-386.0 -275.4 -145.0
0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200
-330.3 -570.9 -739.4 -832.9
0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400
-879.8 -895.2 -888.4 -873.4
T ) 298.15 K 0.450 -850.8 0.500 -815.0 0.550 -779.3 0.600 -737.8
0.650 0.700 0.750 0.800
-680.2 -619.6 -555.3 -476.3
0.850 0.900 0.950
-385.3 -270.1 -136.4
0.050 0.100 0.150 0.201
-281.8 -509.0 -663.2 -753.9
0.251 0.301 0.351 0.401
-802.2 -820.4 -817.6 -806.0
T ) 308.15 K 0.451 -785.1 0.501 -756.3 0.551 -722.1 0.600 -680.2
0.651 0.701 0.751 0.800
-632.1 -580.6 -515.2 -444.5
0.851 0.900 0.950
-356.8 -256.6 -134.3
0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200
-289.1 -492.7 -575.1 -635.8
0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400
-677.2 -696.4 -706.7 -703.0
T ) 323.15 K 0.450 -683.3 0.500 -658.5 0.550 -623.1 0.600 -595.6
0.650 0.700 0.750 0.800
-558.0 -509.0 -457.1 -393.7
0.850 0.900 0.950
-314.0 -225.5 -112.5
x1,12
E h1+2 /J‚mol-1
x1,12
E h1+2 /J‚mol-1
x1,12
E h1+2 /J‚mol-1
Table 11. Excess Enthalpies of Ethanol (1) + Water (2) x1,12
E h1+2 /J‚mol-1
x1,12
E h1+2 /J‚mol-1
0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125
-288.5 -534.3 -723.9 -854.9 -929.4
0.150 0.175 0.200 0.225 0.250
-958.5 -958.2 -938.5 -910.7 -879.3
T ) 285.65 K 0.275 -845.2 0.300 -806.8 0.360 -717.2 0.420 -635.7 0.480 -559.8
0.540 0.600 0.660 0.720
-490.5 -430.2 -381.3 -335.4
0.780 0.840 0.901 0.959
-291.6 -242.7 -178.2 -86.0
0.050 0.100 0.151 0.201
-378.8 -585.6 -639.8 -618.2
0.251 0.301 0.352 0.401
-569.2 -512.8 -453.4 -396.8
T ) 308.15 K 0.451 -344.3 0.502 -298.6 0.551 -257.8 0.602 -227.2
0.651 0.701 0.752
-201.2 -182.0 -159.9
0.801 0.851 0.901
-150.8 -137.0 -103.9
0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200
-280.1 -413.0 -434.3 -403.6
0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400
-354.4 -301.8 -250.5 -200.6
T ) 323.15 K 0.450 -157.6 0.500 -119.7 0.550 -89.6 0.600 -67.5
0.650 0.700 0.751 0.800
-52.6 -47.3 -46.2 -48.0
0.850 0.901 0.950
-50.6 -46.7 -25.4
0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100 0.125
-108.8 -188.6 -238.5 -261.9 -263.9
0.150 0.175 0.200 0.250 0.300
-253.3 -232.5 -208.9 -156.9 -100.6
T ) 338.15 K 0.350 -49.0 0.400 -2.8 0.450 36.2 0.500 66.7
0.550 0.600 0.650 0.700
87.7 99.5 102.1 96.8
0.750 0.849 0.901 0.950
83.1 42.3 30.7 23.7
x1,12
LP1200S balance (accuracy, (2 mg; precision, (1 mg) for degassed water, and a Sartorius MC210P balance (accuracy, (10 µg; precision, (20 µg) for the salt. Both components, the salt water as well as the alkanol, are delivered by syringe pumps through thermostated PTFE tubing to the measuring cell where they are mixed. The total flow rate of the mixture is kept constant at 0.08 mL‚min-1. Starting with salt water, an excess enthalpy isotherm is measured by stepwise increase of the alkanol fraction. The maximum alkanol fraction is given by the maximum solubility of the salt in the solvent mixture (Wagner et al., 1998) or, for mixtures with propanols, by avoiding the occurrence of two liquid phases (Gomis et al., 1994, 1997); that is, the resulting mixture is always a homogeneous liquid phase. The mole fraction can be adjusted with a standard deviation
