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a normal liquid whose freezing point lies well below room temperature.
At this low t,emperature, one of the equations should show considerable divergence from the anticipated figures. The relationship derived in this paper depends essentially on the applicability of the law of Cailletet and Mathias, and Timmermans has shown that for pentane the curvature of the rectilinear diameter is exceedingly slight even at -130OC. Other investigators have commented on a slight but measurable curvature as the critical temperature is approached, but a t lower temperatures the diameter closely follows the linear law, and equation 6 should therefore represent surface tension determinations a t low temperatures with great exactitude. REFERENCES
(1) CAILLETET A N D MATHIAS:Compt. rend. 104,1563 (1887). (2) FERGUSON A N D KENNEDY: Trans. Faraday SOC.32, 1474 (1936). (3) FOWLER: Proc. Roy. SOC.(London) A163, 229 (1937). (4) KATAYAMA: Science Repts. TohBku Imp. Univ. 4, 373 (1916) (5) LEWIS:J. Chem. SOC.1988, 262. (6) MACLEOD: Trans. Faraday SOC.19, 38 (1923). (7) MATHIAS:Le point critique des corps pur, p. 164 (1904). (8) SUGDEN: J. Chem. SOC.126, 32 (1924). (9) SUGDEN:The PaTaChOT and Valency, p. 24. Geo. Routledge and Sons, Ltd., London (1930). (10)TIMMERMANS: Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin SOC.13, 310 (1912). (11) VERSCHAFFELT:Commun. Cniv. Leiden 1896, No. 28. (12) YOUNG:Phil. Mag. 60, 291 (1900). (13) YOUNGA N D THOMAS: J. Chem. SOC.83, 1255 (1893).
NEW BOOKS Electrochemistry and Electrochemical AnaEysis. Volume 11. Gravimetric Electrolytic Analysis and Electrolytic Marsh Tests. By H. J. S. SAND. 18 x 12 cm.; 149 pp. London: Blackie and Sons, 1940. ix The second volume of Sand's Electrochemistry deals with gravimetric electrolytic analysis. The author commences with a full and detailed account of the apparatus required for electrolytic analysis; among other things descriptions are given of ammeters, voltmeters, capillary electrometers, the cathode-ray detector and potentiometers, together with an account of the principles on which the instruments depend. Many types of electrical stirring apparatus and auxiliary electrodes are also described and illustrated. The technique of electrochemical deposition is discussed a t some length. The third chapter deals with the electrolytic deposition and estimation of some twenty-four individual metals and the quantitative deposition of the higher oxides of lead and thallium. The anodic deposition and estimation of chlorides, bromides, iodides, carbonates, ferro- and ferri-cyanides, phosphates, and aulfides is also considered. In many cases alternative methods are given, along with
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essential practical details. Very full descriptions are given of the electrolytic separation and quantitative estimation of silver, copper, bismuth, antimony, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, and zinc from solutions also containing other metals likely to be associated with them. The methods described in the earlier chapters are applied to the electrolytic analysis of several industrial alloys, including yellow metal alloys, white metal alloys, nickel bronzes, light aluminum alloys, and fusible metals. Internal analysis is dealt with in a very thorough manner, both from the theoretical and from the practical point of view. The methods of Pregl and of Sand and Lindsay for microchemical analysis are fully explained and illustrated by a description of a quantitative separation of lead and bismuth. Electrolytic Marsh tests of arsenic, antimony, and germanium are described in detail. This book is a very useful and valuable one. I t is well arranged and written and the descriptions are both clear and ample, so that a student following them could carry out any of the estimations described. The text is well illustrated, and a number of relevant references are included in it. The book may be unreservedly recommended to analysts and to chemists generally. JAMESF. SPENCER. Principles of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry. By E. J. BALDWIN.506 pp. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. Price: $3.25. The book is divided in two parts, part I (204 pages) dealing with properties of atoms and molecules, and part I1 with the theory of reactions. The book is well written in a lucid style. “The author has intended to include in i t the main features of the various theories of inorganic chemistry, together with their application t o the reactions commonly used in analysis.” The book is intended for class-room study during the entire second year of chemistry. The reviewer doubts whether i t will be a succesa in this respect. The book is not balanced, in so far as i t gives a too detailed discussion of parts of physical chemistry and lacks a presentation of the application of many of the essentials to analysis. For example, an extensive discussion of covalence is given in part I, but the use of organic compounds in qualitative and quantitative analysis is not mentioned. Reaction velocity is discussed in the first chapter of part 11, but the analytical significance of catalysis and induced reactions is not given in the book. On page 313 the author should have mentioned the significance of the velocity of precipitation, since the phenomena observed in the precipitation of metal sulfides cannot be understood on the basis of the principle of solubility product alone. One also misses a discussion of oxidation-reduction, adsorption and radioactive indicators, and of colorimetry and spectrophotometry. The reviewer noticed some serious errors in the book. On page 292 the hydrolysis of silver phosphate and on page 308 that of cupric sulfide is neglected, making the results of the calculations greatly in error. The calculation of the pH of an acid salt, such as Na*HP04 (page 376) and SaHC08 (page 413) is entirely wrong; so is Fig.97,giving the neutralization curve of sodium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. I n the discussion of “causes” of ionic reactions (chapter V, part 11), the effect of complex formation is not mentioned; this omission is more serious in the rule for dissolving precipitates (page 309). I. M. KOLTBOFF.
