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5. Some of the properties of various types of “permselective” membranes are presented in tables. REFERENCES (1) BROWN,W.: Biochem. J. 9, 591 (1915). (2) CARR,C. W., A N D SOLLNER, K . : J. Gen. Physiol. 27, 77 (1943). (3) CARR,C. W., AND SOLLNER, K.: J. Gen. Physiol. 28, 119 (1944). (4) COLLANDER, R.: SOC.Sci. Fennica, Commentationes Biol. [6]2, 1 4 8 (1926). (5) GREEN,A. A., WEECH,A. A , , AND MICHAELIS,L.: J. Gen. Physiol. 12,473 (1929). (6) GREGOR, H. P.: Ph.D. Thesis, University,of’Minnesota,1945. (7) MICHAELIS,L.: Bull. Natl. Research Council, No. 69, 119 (1929); Kolloid-Z. 62, 2 (1932) (8) SOLLNER, K.: J . Am. Chem. SOC.66, 2260 (1943). (9) SOLLNER, K.: J. Phys. Chem. 49, 47 (1945). (10) SOLLNER, K.: J. Phys. Chem. 49,265 (1945). (11) SOLLNER, K., ABRAMS, I., AND CARR,C. W.: J. Gen. Physiol. 24,467 (1941). (12) SOLLNER, K., ABRAMS,I., AND CARR,C. W.: J. Gen. Physiol. 26, 7 (1941). (13) SOLLNER, K., AND BECK,P. W.: J. Gen. Physiol. 27, 451 (1944). (14) SOLLNER, K., AND CARR,C . W.: J. Gen. Physiol. 28, 1 (1944). (15) SOLLNER, K., AND GREGOR,H. P.: J. Am. Chem. SOC.67, 346 (1945). (16) SOLLNER, K., AND GREGOR,H. P.: I n preparation.
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NEW BOOKS Elementary Physical Chemistry. Third edition. By HUGHS. TAYLOR AND H. AUSTIN TAYLOR.14 x 21.5 cm.; xi 551 pp.; 138 fig.; 111 tables. New York: D . Van Nostrand Company, Inc ., 1945. Price : $3.75. This excellent college textbook of physical chemistry, first published in May 1927, with a second edition in January 1937, and with many reprintings to its credit throughout the years, is now in its third edition (August 1942). The first paragraph of the Preface is quoted :
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“The preparation of the third edition of Elementary Physical Chemistry is the result of a desire to supplement the classical aspects of the subject, now so significantly the concern of general chemistry courses, with those newer phases of the subject which have caused physical chemistry to increase in relative importance i n the whole domain of chemistry. The material which was added in the previous edition has been tested in a number of universities and colleges and found t o be practicable teaching matter for such a course, and markedly to expand the horizons of the student of the science. The advances of the last five years appear t o warrant a still further expansion of the content of the elementary course in physical chemistry.” The scope of the book is indicated by the table of contents, by chapters: 1. “The Atomic Concept of Matter”; 2 . “Energy in Chemical Systems”; 3. “The Gaseous State, I. The Energy of Motion and of Inter-Molecular Attraction”; 4. “The Atomic Concept of Energy -Energy Quanta”; 5. “The Gaseous State, 11”; 6. “The Liquid State”; 7. “The Crystalline State”; 8. “The Direction of Chemical Change”; 9. “Solutions”; 10. “Chemical Equilibrium”; 11. “Phase Equilibria”; 12. “Electrical Conductance and Ionization”; 13. “Ionic Equilibria, I. Weak Electrolytes”; 14. “Ionic Equilibria, 11. Strong Electrolytes”; 15. “Chemical Kinetics”; 16. “Photochemistry”; 17. “Colloid chemistry.”
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Appendices 1, 2 , 3 give, respectively, derivations of Maxwell’s Distribution Law of Velocities, Planck’s expression for the average energy of a linear vibrator, and the Limiting Law of Debye and Huckel. Finally, there is a very good index. The first edition, and to some considerable extent the second and third editions, have been tailored in a few chapters from the more comprehensive and much more advanced Treatise (of which H . S. Taylor was the editor). It has seemed to the reviewer that those chapters or portions of the book where it may be guessed that the authors were writing de novo, or Tayloring out of their own rich teaching experience, are more effective; although the general average of the treatment, from the point of view of successful pedagogy, is extremely good, anyhow. The problems at the chapter ends are carefully chosen but meagre. The first chapter on “The Atomic Concept of Matter,” pp. 1-51, is especially nicely designed, and gives a well-balanced account of the atom from the beginning right up to nuclear fission; and the chapter on “Chemical Kinetics,” pp. 395462, is most beautifully written. The authors have made a number of worthwhile revisions throughout the text and have moulded in a good deal of new material, both fundamental and illustrative. They are to be commended for introducing a brief elementary discussion of the statistical basis of the Second Law of Thermodynamics-“which will give the student a first exposure t o this increasingly important subject and will permit him to see its applicability to a few typical examples, the ideal gas law, the ortho-para hydrogen equilibrium and a simple chemical reaction.” This third edition of Taylor and Taylor is teachable and stimulating. It deserves a n even greater popularity than i t has already been accorded. EDMACK,JR.
Physical Methods of Organic Chemistry. Volume I . Tkchnique of Organic Chemistry. By ARNOLDWEISSBERGER, Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, 736 pp. New York: Interscience PubNew York, and nineteen contributors. vii lishers, Inc., 1945. Price: $8.60. A detailed consideration of the “fine structure” of organic molecules has led inevitably t o the application of quantitative measurements of the physical properties of these substances. Discussions of theory have been covered in a reasonably adequate manner in recent texts, but a description of the actual techniques involved in making specific measurements has on the whole been cursory. The present volume appears to be a serious attempt to explain the topics covered i n a critical and detailed manner. Dr. Weissberger and his associates have filled a n important vacancy in the field of organic chemical literature, and the reviewer is looking forward to the publication of Volume 11,which will represent a n estension of the present work. Except for a few insignificant examples, the book is remarkably free from errors. Attention is called to the misspelling of a n author’s name (ref. 7, page 657) and the omission of a final “t” in consistent (line 21, page 675). A good grade of paper and binding has been used, and the authors and publishers are to be congratulated in producing such a fine piece of work under difficult circumstances during a war period. The individual chapters, each of which has been written by distinguished men in their respective fields, are as follows: I. “Determination of Melting and Freezing Temperatures,” by Evald Skau and Helmut Wakeham; 11. “Determination of Boiling and Condensation Temperature,” by W. Swietoslawski; 111. “Determination of Density,” by K. Bauer; IV. “Determination of Solubility,” by H. Mark; V. “Determination of Viscosity,” by H. Mark; VI. “Determination of Surface and Interfacial Tensions,” by William D . Harkins; “Parachor,” by George W. Thomson; VII. “Determination of Monolayers and Duplex Films,” by William D. Harkins; VIII. “Determination of Osmotic Pressure,” by R. H. Wagner; I X . “Determination of Diffusivity,” by A. L. Geddes; X. “Calorimetry,” by Julian M. Sturtevant; X I . “Microscopy,” by Edwin E. Jelley; XII. “Determination of
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