ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE
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cnaitem chemicals DEPT. CEN, 1715 W. 38th ST., CHATTANOOGA, TENN. 37409 PHONE 615/821-4571
CIRCLE 4 O N READER SERVICE CARD
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C&EN Oct. 2 1 , 1974
scientists, up 5% to 77,400. Increases were noted^ also in three other categories: physical and environmental scientists, up 0.6% to 18,700; social scientists, up 0.9% to 23,000; and mathematicians, up 2.6% to 9300. But the number of psychologists, after increasing more than 20% between 1969 and 1973, dropped for the first time—down 2.9% to 6100. The number of engineers also showed a slight decrease, down 1.1% to 16,800. (No figures are provided on employment of chemists and chemical engineers.) The doctorate-granting institutions surveyed by NSF account for nearly two thirds of the employment of all scientists and engineers at academic institutions. Twenty of these institutions alone account for 24% of this employment. These 20 range from Harvard, which employs 2782 scientists and engineers, to Wayne State University with 1352. The report also breaks out which of these institutions employed the largest number of each type of scientist. The University of Illinois, Urbana, employs the most mathematical scientists, 187, and engineers, 362. The University of Maryland employs the most physical scientists, 268, Harvard the most life scientists, 2316, University of Washington the most environmental scientists, 166, University of Wisconsin, Madison, the most psychologists, 164, and the University of Minnesota the most social scientists, 558. The survey also shows that the proportion of women to men varies dramatically, ranging from 2% of all academic engineers to 20% of the life scientists, with the latter field accounting for more than 70% of the women employed by the doctorategranting institutions. About 5% of the physical scientists are women, as are 4% of the environmental scientists and 8% of the mathematical scientists. However, NSF cautions that these percentages should not be interpreted as representative of the employment of women by all institutions of higher education, because they contradict other recently published figures. A more detailed NSF report on employment at all academic institutions will be published later this year.
Energy saving goal set for chemicals Federal Energy Administrator John C. Sawhill, FEA's conservation program chief Roger Sant, and Secretary of Commerce Frederick B. Dent have met with executives of the 25 largest U.S. chemical companies and representatives of four chemical trade associations to set up a voluntary energy conservation program for the chemical industry. However, although everybody agrees that the chemical industry has taken steps to conserve energy, and that it could conserve still more energy
Sawhill: 15% energy savings (perhaps 15% or more), no firm program came out of the meeting. Five sectors of the chemical industry—organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, chlorine and caustic soda, plastics (including fibers and rubber), and ammonia—were represented at the meeting. The chemical executives' efforts at identifying potential areas for energy conservation focused on process or utility energy, such as natural gas, fuel oil, coal, and electricity. Feedstocks were not considered. Collectively, they said that the chemical industry can conserve energy by improving efficiency of energy use within existing plants, by planning energy efficiency into new plant design, and by getting management commitment to energy conservation as corporate policy backed by affirmative action programs. The chemical executives also recommended measures that they believe the Government could take to save more energy. Among others, they pointed out a need for reasonable environmental timetables and goals, tax incentives for capital investment in energy-saving equipment and processes, removal of price controls on new natural gas, and increased use of coal as fuel. However, in spite of all the rhetoric on how to save energy, those attending were unable to reach agreement on the amount of energy savings to aim for. In the end, Dr. Sawhill came up with a magic number of "15%" as the chemical industry's overall goal for energy efficiency improvement between a base year, 1972, and 1980. He left it up to the industry to figure out how to measure this 15%. By consensus, the Manufacturing Chemists Association was elected to set up a task force that would measure and monitor energy conservation on a companywide basis and disseminate the information to FEA and the Department of Commerce on an industrywide basis. MCA has named Ronald S. Wishart, Jr., director of energy policy at Union Carbide, to head and organize the task force. MCA expects the task force to be in operation by January.
