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Enhancing the Performance of Viscous Electrode-Based Flow Batteries Using Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces Brian Richmond Solomon, Xinwei Chen, Leonid Rapoport, Ahmed Helal, Gareth H. McKinley, Yet-Ming Chiang, and Kripa K Varanasi ACS Appl. Energy Mater., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.8b00241 • Publication Date (Web): 27 Jun 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on June 28, 2018
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ACS Applied Energy Materials
Enhancing the Performance of Viscous Electrode-Based Flow Batteries Using Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces Brian R. Solomona, #, Xinwei Chenb, c, #, Leonid Rapoporta, Ahmed Helala, Gareth H. McKinleya, Yet-Ming Chiangb,*, Kripa K. Varanasia,* a)
Department of Mechanical Engineering b) Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States c)
Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03,
Singapore 138634 #
Equal contribution
*Corresponding authors’ e-mails:
[email protected],
[email protected] Abstract Redox flow batteries are a promising technology that can potentially meet the largescale grid storage needs of renewable power sources. Today, most redox flow batteries are based on aqueous solutions with low cell voltages and low energy densities that leads to significant costs from hardware and balance-of-plant. Non-aqueous electrochemical couples offer higher cell voltages and higher energy densities and can reduce systemlevel costs but tend towards higher viscosities and can exhibit non-Newtonian rheology that increases the power required to drive flow. This work uses lubricant-impregnated surfaces (LIS) to promote flow in electrochemical systems and outlines their design based on interfacial thermodynamics and electrochemical stability. We demonstrate up to 86% mechanical power savings at low flow rates for LIS compared to conventional surfaces for a lithium polysulfide flow electrode in a half-cell flow battery configuration. The measured specific charge capacity of ~800 mAh/g-S is a fourfold increase over previous work.
Keywords: Liquid-Impregnated Surfaces, Flow Batteries, Slip, Yield Stress, Drag Reduction
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Introduction Integrating renewable power sources such as solar and wind with the electric grid1
can reduce reliance on fossil fuels.2 Large-scale energy storage is required to overcome the intermittency of these sources and to ensure reliability in providing electricity to meet demand.3–11 Redox flow batteries (Figure 1a) are a promising technology for large-scale energy storage due to their potential for meeting costs of ~$100 per kWh at a system level and their scalability.12,13 Today, most redox flow batteries are based on flowable electrodes comprising dissolved redox molecules (e.g. vanadium ions) in an aqueous solution. However, expensive ion-selective membranes, low solubility of active materials (
