EQUIPMENT
eELOORj&OO
COCONUT OÏL ^BB , B ^
^S ^H5^ Β ^^sPB?^SPtâ^^^^BPJij> Bi B i
rJSS^ U M U M
MÉTHYL ESTERS
Combustion-Titration Sulfur Analysis
for
Fast
For analysis of sulfur in hydrocar bons by a high frequency combustionHtration process, Laboratory Equip ment has developed an induction fur nace and an automatic sulfur titrator. Analysis time is said to be from three to 10 min. depending on the type of material tested. Results are generally in excellent agreement with conven tional analysis procedures, according to Leco.
. . . so you get better and easier con trol during processing . . . pli/s o better, more uniform end product.
SPECIFY
ORADO FOR puRiTr SERVICE UNIFORMITY
Ei Dorado has specialized in coconut oil products for more than half a cen tury. That's one big reason why you can depend on the performance o f El Dorado products in your formula tions. FATTY
ACIDS
CAPRrtic
ELDHYCO *
CAPRIC
IAURIC
COCONUT
JURISTIC
PALMITIC M E T H Y L ESTERS CAPRrXATE
EIDO 1 8 * „ . m COCONATE
IAURATE CAPROATE
CAPRATE MYRISTATE PAIMITATE •T.M. Reg.
For samples and specifications, Dept. Ν
Rely
write
on
BM»MxIil»I·] OIL·
W O R
Κ
Main office: P. O . Box 5 9 9 , Oakland 4 , Calif. Plants: Bayonne, N. J., O a k l a n d , Calif.
3424
• Mercury less transmitters for meas urement of differential pressures are offered with the Hays electronic flow meters. Features six counter con tinuous integration, 12-in. uniformly graduated charts, and choice of several style indicators. Ε2 • Liquid level control for high pres sure service has been developed b y Magnetrol. The new control makes use of the basic principle of buoyancy obtained by displacement b y a solid immersed in a liquid. Unit comes in three models: A-1501 for pressures of 1500 p.s.i.; A-3001 for pressures up to 3000 p.s.i.; and A-5001 for pressures u p to 5000 p.s.i. Controls are designed t o operate with liquids having a specific gravity of 0.40 or above. Ε3
FEATURE CONTROLLED CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
EL D • » •
in iron, steel, ores, alloys, and slags by gravimetric, gasometric, and conductometric methods or by changing a com bustion tube and inductor coil. Ε i
Leco sulfur determinator, left, with in duction furnace and purifying' train The induction furnace used for the Leco analysis consumes power only while it is combusting a sample. It is ready for use within 45 seconds after being turned on, is cool in oper ation, and can be turned off imme diately in case of dangerous hydrocar bon saturation of the atmosphere in a refinery. In the analysis a scoop of MgO is placed in the bottom of the crucible and the weight of the two is found. A drop of the sample is added to the MgO and the sample weight is found. A porous plug is placed over the sam ple after which iron chip accelerator and tin metal are added. A porous cover is added and the loaded crucible is placed in the induction furnace. Oxygen is admitted to the combus tion tube of the induction furnace after passing through an oxygen valve and purifying train. Oxygen flow is meas ured by a rotometer tower on the purifying train. The high frequency current is turned on, and the hydro carbon sample is heated indirectly by burning of the iron chip and tin. A titrator is then used to measure the amount of sulfur in the sample iodometrically. An automatic timer turns the furnace off at a preset timeIn addition to measuring sulfur in hydrocarbons, Leco says the furnace can be used to analyze sulfur or carbon
• General purpose hose clamp, b y Circle Clamp, can be fixed in place in three seconds with an ordinary pincers. Unit is round with U-shaped folds or lugs. ΕA • Thermodynamic
steam
trap,
by
Sarco, is machined from stainless bar stock. Unit consists of three parts: body, cap, and a solid stainless disk, which is the only moving part. Trap uses the thermodynamic (kinetic) energy of steam to close the valve. Trap operates at top efficiency, accord ing to company, on any steam pressure from 10 to 600 p.s.i. and on light or heavy loads. Ε5 • Diaphragm control v a l v e s , by Min neapolis-Honeywell, are for mediumduty applications. The line includes double-seated, single-seated, and threeway types for use in either "on-off" or proportional control systems. Com ponent parts in the series have been standardized to reduce spare part re quirements. The compact design of the valves makes them especially suit able for installations in limited space areas. Ε6 • Advanced design chlorinators, b y Fischer & Porter, are to integrate all chlorine flow regulating mechanisms into one unit. New model is a refine ment of the basic design and opera tion principles introduced six years ago b y company. The chlorinators are vacuum-operated with the water flow through the ejector assembly produc ing the vacuum. Spring-opposed diaphragms regulate the flow of chlorine in the vacuum system. In d i e
CHEMICAL
AND
ENGINEERING
NEWS
Reduce power plant costs with this oil maintenance program NEW, FREE ALCOA BOOK TELLS HOW
Table of Contents CHAPTER l-THE ACTIVATED ALUMINA MAINTENANCE PROGRAM CHAPTER II—MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE Transformers
Reconditioning Applying the Treatment Method Special Transformer Considerations New Transformers Small Transformers Conservator Type Transformers Gas-Over-Oil Transformers Transformer Breathers Genera ! Power System Applications Circuit Breaker Oils Circuit Breaker Air Compressors Bushing Oil Maintenance Oil Storage Tank Breathers Power System Oil Lines Hydroelectric Powerhouse Oils Diesel Engine Oils Miscellaneous Uses Reactivating Oil Soaked Alumina Reactivator Design Reactivator Operation CHAPTER III—THE IMPORTANCE OF MAINTENANCE AND COST RECORDS Cost Records Maintenance Cost Records Operating and Cost Record for Transformer Bank CHAPTER IV—PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF POWER SYSTEM OILS I. Characteristics of OU Crudes II. Specialty Oils
III. Causes Involved in the Deterioration of Oil IV. Disadvantages of Oil Oxidation V. General Methods of Preventing and Remedying Oil Oxidation Deterioration VI. Diesel Engine Lubrication VII. Metals for Oil Storage and Piping Applications APPENDIX-TESTING PROCEDURES I. Sampling Methods A. General B. Sampling Thiefs C. Sample Containers D. Cleaning of Sampling Apparatus E. Storage of Sampling Apparatus F. Procedure for Sampling New Oils G. Procedure for Sampling Oil in Service H. Procedure for Sampling Governor and General Lubricating Systems II. Individual Test Procedures A. AC Dielectric Strength B. Neutralization Number Value C. Interfacial Tension Tests D. Other Tests a. Power Factor Tests b. Moisture Tests c. Viscosity _ d. Pour Point e. Flash Point f. Steam Emulsion Number g. Color E. New Tests ALCOA * 1. Sludge Content of Oils 2. Accelerated Oil Oxidation Tests CHEJyiiCAfLS
This new ALCOA book brings you the latest developments on the use of ALCOA® Activated Alumina for maintenance of insulation oil and lubricants. Illustrated with 33 photographs, designs and diagrams, this 5Vi x 8% inch book contains 120 fact-filled pages. Over a period of many years, ALCOA has developed suitable procedures for the maintenance and reclamation of power system oils, using ALCOA Activated Alumina. Results have thoroughly established the effectiveness and value of these methods. The manual provides complete, detailed instructions for the installation and operation of this amazingly efficient program for power system oil maintenance. Write today for your copy of the valuable book.
HOW TO GET YOUR FREE COPY Write on your company letterhead for Activated Alu mina Maintenance Program—Power System Oils, ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA, CHEMICALS DIVI-
MINUM C D M M N V OF AMERICA ]
SION, 704-H Alcoa Building, Pittsburgh 19, Pa.
VOLUME
3 3,
N O . 33
·
·
AUGUST
15. 1 9 5 5
3425
EQUIPMENT.
new model, the diaphragms, a differential pressure regulator, a n d a vacuum regulator have been combined into one unit or stack. T h e stack also contains a vacuum-breaker valve plug and a pressure relief valve. Ε7
Don't Let The Oder imp Menace Your SALES EFFORTS!
• Current m e t e r , b y Hewson, will measure very small leakage currents through insulation at any voltage level. Meter will measure direct currents from 0.001 to 1000 ma. with an accuracy of ±4%. Ε 8 • Mass
D E O D A L L #1 has proved effective in commercial practice for masking solvent odors and the unpleasant scent of other petroleum products. Deodall #1 gives high performance at low cost in a wide variety of ap plications. Why not send us a sample of your product for laboratory study and recommendations.
^SSESBBSS^Industnal Aromates and Ct Industrial Arornaticsand Chemicals 330 West 42nd Street, New York 36, Ν. Υ· Branches: Philadelphia · Boston · Cincinnati . · Detroit Chicago · Atlanta · Seattle · Los Angeles · Toronto
Neville
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RESINS and OILS for Rubber Processing You will find Neville Coumarone Resins ideal extender-plasticizers, which will not tend to lower hardness, tensile, modulus or tear. They are available in various grades of melting points and colors, for use in making white wall tire stocks, tires and tubes, rubber mats, wire insulation, mechanical goods, etc. Neville Resins and Oils are products of years of experience in meeting rubber proc essing problems, saving production time and costs, and improving product quality.
spectrometer
Island, Pa. and Anaheim, Cal.
3426
detector
• Fluorescent e q u i p m e n t , by Wm. J. Hacker & Co., features t w o ultraviolet radiators which are rapidly and con veniently interchangeable. Unit con tains a maximum-pressure mercury vapor burner for weakly fluorescent materials a n d high magnifications and a high-pressure mercury vapor burner for highly fluorescent materials and medium to low magnifications. Equip ment can b e used with microscopes of any make. Ε 10 • Mechanical pressure g a g e ,
by
W.
C. Dillon & Co., can be adapted t o electrical control by use of a sensitive subminiature microswitch which oper ates at a preset pressure on the gage. This pressure may be adjusted at will to any point within t h e capacity of t h e gage and will operate a wide variety of power equipment such as motors, valves, hoppers, and relays. Ε Π • Automatic monocolumn d é m i n e r a i izer, b y Penfield Mfg., is designed for users of 200 g.p.h. of super high purity water. R a w water enters the demineralizing unit at the influent and after passing only once through the monocolumn of mixed cation and anion resins, is received at the effluent stripped of all its impurities. A flow meter on the influent enables setting water intake at a n optimum rate for the most efficient ion exchange action and a Penfield electric purity meter plus automatic controls enable auto(Continued
(Mutiâ • Neville
leak
that is smaller, easier to maintain, and four times more sensitive than its prede cessors has been developed by General Electric. The M-l is designed to detect a leak rate of 5 Χ 10" 1 0 standard cc. of air per second entering an evac uated system under atmospheric pres sure. It can be used selectively to locate a specific leak in the presence of other leaks, without loss of sensitivitv. E9
NÈVIL1E CHEMICAL CO:
on page
3447)
For further information on any Item or process mentioned here, see coupon on page 3428
P I T T S B U R G H 2 S , PA. CHEMICAL
AND
ENGINEERING
NEWS
(Continued
INDUSTRY from page 3381 )
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
to update data which are almost a decade old. At this moment t h e U. S. Govern ment is in a good position to reinstitute input-output studies. Just as the 1947 study drew heavily on the 1947 census of manufactures, and other government surveys and data, a study for the year 1954 could be undertaken because of the availability of primary source data. The Bureau of the Census is conduct ing a census of manufactures and also a census of business and a census of minerals covering the year 1954. Pre liminary reports will be available be fore t h e end of t h e year. Shortly there after there will also be data for the 1955 census of agriculture. The 1947 study was two a n d a half years in preparation and cost on the order of $750,000. With t h e knowhow gained from the 1947 study and with t h e improved statistical informa tion now available, persons who worked on t h e earlier study believe that preparation of input-output tables based on 1954 data could b e available in about 18 months, at an estimated cost in the neighborhood of $500,000. T h e Federal Government, which supported the initial study, first through the National Security Resources Board and later through t h e Air Force, cut off funds for these studies in 1953. BLS has no funds to m a k e u p new input-output tables. Census Bureau spokesmen advise C&EN that they have no responsibilities for input-output studies, although they h a v e t h e data from which such tables could b e made. E v e n t h o u g h the Government has given u p support of input-output stud ies, other nations are now using them. Some economists believe t h a t a partial study could b e made by a nongovern mental agency. However, t h e scope of a complete input-output study is so large and the ramifications so exten sive, that most economists feel that only the Federal Government could conduct it adequately.
EQUIPMENT (Continued from page matic control effluent.
3426)
of the purity of
the Ε 12
• Line of light-weight centrifugal pumps, by Rice P u m p & Machine, have been developed from aluminum alloy. Capacities range from 5500 to 18,000 g.p.h. Ε 13 VOLUME
3 3.
NO.
33
·
·
AUGUST
Aluminum Co. of America 3425 American Cyanamid Co 3404-3405 American Platinum Works 3392 Antara Chemicals, A Sales Div. of General Aniline & Film Corp.. . . 3419 Arizona Chemical Company ( Inc. ) . . 3433 Atlantic Refining Co 3409 Baker Chemical Co., J. Τ Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc.. . .
3407 3394
Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Co., A Div. of Union Carbide & Carbon Corp 3385:3431:4th Cover Central Scientific Co 3410 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co 3389 Columbia-Southern Chemical Corp.. 3427 Commercial Solvents C o r p . . . . . . . . . 3370 Cooper Alloy Corp 3361 Davison Chemical Company, Division of W. R. Grace & Co 3367 Diamond Alkali Co 3428 Dow Chemical Co 3421 D o w Corning Corp 3388 du Pont de Nemours & Co. ( Inc. ) , E. 1 3375:3386 Eastman Chemical Products, Inc.. . . Eastman Kodak Company El Dorado Oil Works Enjay Co. Inc Ethyl Corp
3401 3420 3424 3397 3364
Ficklen III, Joseph Β Fisher Scientific Co Fritzsche Brothers, Inc
3448 3414 3396
General Chemical Div., Allied Chem. & Dye Corp 3rd Cover General Electric Company, X-Ray Dept 3399 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co 3362 Hardinge Co. Inc Hercules Powder Co. Inc Hewlett-Packard Co Hughes Beseardh & Development Corp
3448 3429 3422 3366
Koppers Co. I n c
3368
Laboratory Eçpiipment Corp Liquid Carbonic Corp
3417 3408
Mathieson Chemicals, Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp 2nd Cover Metal Hydrides Inc 3402 Mettler Instrument Corp 3403 Michigan Chemical Corp 3416 Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Co. 3387 National Aniline Div., Allied Chem. & Dye Corp Neville Chemical Co
3423 3426
Oldbury Electro-Chemical Co 3431 Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp., Industrial Chemicals Div 2nd Cover Oronite Chemical Co 3411 Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp Pittsburgh Lectrodryer Corp
3391 3415
Rohm & Haas Co
3393
Sherwood Refining Co. Inc Sindar Corp Snell, Inc., Foster D
3448 3426 3417
Union Carbide & Carbon Corp., Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Div. 3385:3431:4th Cover United Aircraft Corp 3398 U. S. Stoneware Co 3412 Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corp.. . . Virginia Smelting Co
3435 3413
West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co., Polychemicals Div Westinghouse Electric Corp
3436 3369
DIRECTORY Chemicals
3437
Exchange... .
Chemirad Corp. City Chemical Corp. Cleveland Mixer Co. Κ & Κ Laboratories Orlando Research, Inc. Pierce Chemical Co. Research Specialties Co. Shattuck Chemical Co., S. W. Xechnic Inc.
Equipment Mart
3437-3438
A . C. Tank Company Cannon Instrument Co. Taylor & Co., W . A. TJehling Instrument Co. Ultra-violet Products, Inc. 'Wilmington Plastics Co.
Technical Services
3438
Applied Science Laboratories, Inc. Bjorksten Research Laboratories Food Research Laboratories, Inc. Kendall, David N. LaWall & Harrisson Schwarzkopf Microanalytical Laboratories Truland Chemical & Engineering Co. Inc. Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
RJBINHOLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION Advertising Management for the American Chemical Society Publications Merald Lue, Advertising Sales Manager, American Chemical Society Publications 430 Park Ave.,New York 2 2 , Ν . Υ ADVERTISING SALES REPRESENTATIVES H. Victor Drumm, Advertising Sales Manager N e w York 22—MUrrayhill 8-8600; District Managers—A. Stuart Powell, Jr., G. S. Mullin, Robert J, Halliday, Thomas F. Casey Cleveland 14—NBC Bids., 815 Superior Ave·» Ν. Ε., PRospect 1-5583; District Manager— Wm. T. Bisson Chicago 2—111 West Washington Street, Randolph 6-8497; District Managers—H. Scott Leonard, Frederick C. Dorr San Francisco 5—McDonald-Thompsoo, 625 Market Street, YUkon 6-0647; Roy M. McDonald Los Angeles J—McDonald-Thompson, 3727 West Sixth Street, Dunkirk 7-5391; Ε. Τ. Thomp son Seattle 4—McDonald-Thompson, National Bldg., 1008 Western Ave., Elliott 3767; Harry Abney Houston 6—McDonald-Thompson, 3 2 1 7 Montrose Blvd., LYnchburg 6711; Frank N . Vickrey Denver 2—McDonald-Thompson, Colorado National Bank Building, KEystone 4-46691 Robert H. Heidersbach Dallas 6—McDonald-Thompson, 5526 Dyer St., FOrest 8-5510; Ed J. Whetzel
15.
1955
3447
