Sea Water Desalting Method Uses Two-Solvent Extraction Bench-scale unit shows good separations, high solvents recovery Barogenics, Inc., New York, N.Y., has completed bench-scale testing of a new extraction approach to sea water desalting. The company says its studies show the process has advantages over other desalting methods that may result in lower cost for product water. A 100,000 gal.-per-day unit could produce fresh water at $1.05 per 1000 gal., Barogenics says. This might drop to about 70 cents in a 10 million gal.-per-day plant. Developed by Dr. J. A. Patterson, consulting chemical engineer, the process uses two extractions. ?i-Butyl alcohol extracts salt-free water from brine, dissolving about 80% of its own weight of water during tests. The brine contains only traces of alcohol. Benzene removes the alcohol from the water in the second extraction. The product water is freed from solvent traces by steam stripping or charcoal adsorption. The alcoholbenzene phase from the second extraction is separated by fractional distillation and the solvents are recycled. The first extraction also can be carried out with a number of hydrophilic, polar solvents other than n-
butyl alcohol. While benzene is cheap and readily available, other hydrophobic solvents, such as shortchain hydrocarbons, can be used for the second extraction. Hexane is thought to be a more economical second solvent in a large-scale unit, since it is more easily steam stripped from product water than is benzene. High percentage recovery of reusable solvents is a big factor in the economics of the Patterson process. Barogenics estimates solvents losses during the four-month tests to be less than 0.05% of the effluent waste.
Four Types of Microporous Plastic Materials Offered A broad line of microporous plastic materials has been introduced by ESBReeves Corp., Glenside, Pa. Called Mipor, the line is available in sheet form as well as granular, tubular, and disk forms. Low-density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride are the basic resins used in the Mipor line. According to ESBReeves, Mipor is resistant to most organic solvents, strong acids, and caustics. And, the microporous plastic materials are completely stable from 200° F. down to cryogenic temperatures, the firm says. Among the many uses of the Mipor line are filter media, rain-repellent clothing, chromatographic supports, components in experimental fuel cells,
C&EN
water purification, packaging, and in medical products. Four standard sheet forms of low-density polyethylene Mipor and three of polyvinyl chloride are available. E 30
BRIEFS Negotiations to license an ore reduction process to the iron and steel industry have been completed by Universal Oil Products (C&EN, Dec. 24, 1962, page 2 7 ) . The process, developed by Madaras Corp., Detroit, Mich., produces high-grade sponge iron using natural gas or residual fuel as the reducing agent. UOP will license the process under the trade name Fered.
A cross-licensing agreement covering four U.S. patents has been worked out by Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., White Plains, N.Y., and G. E. Smith, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Under the agreement, Reichhold has the nonexclusive and nontransferable right to make, sell, and use Kold-Set binders for foundry cores produced under Smith's patents (U.S. 2,817,886 and 3,023,112). G. E. Smith receives the exclusive right to make, sell, and use products under Reichhold's patents (U.S. 2,556,335 and 2,816,041). The company can also grant others this right.
EQUIPMENT
PROGRESS REPORT
Companies added these products to their lines during the past month EQUIPMENT AND LABWARE . • . Product Evaporator Heat exchangers
Company Barnstead Still and Sterilizer Co. Boston, Mass. Corning Glass Works Corning, N.Y.
Laboratory mixer (Model 50-4050) Temperature-controlled pump
Eclipse Air Brush Co. Newark, N.J. Eco Engineering Co. Newark, N.J.
Safety relief valve
Farris Engineering Corp. Palisades Park, N.J. Continued
48
C & E N J A N . 14, 1963
on page 50
Features
To concentrate mildly radioactive liquid waste Disk- and drum-type exchangers made of Cercor cellular ceramics for regenerative gas turbine systems Designed with integral speed control Electrically heated face plate designed for Eco side-suction centrifugal pumps to keep crystalline materials in solution Steam-jacketed unit for use where temperature of process fluid must be maintained
Typical samples of compacted flakes . . . ideal feed for calcining systems.
H o w compacting cuts the cost of calcining agglomerated If you calcine bauxite, phosphate, chromite or such minerals, you might investigate the superiority of compacting over pelletizing the feed. Compacting permits less moisture . . . to reduce fuel costs and increase kiln efficiency. And mechanical compacting requires far less capital investment than other, more complicated agglomerating systems that require drying and dry grinding circuits. A typical Allis-Chalmers compacting circuit is shown at right . . . it handles fines and chunks alike — compresses and flakes them into slabs . . . then breaks them into suitable uniform sizes. It handles materials, moist or dry . . . hot or cold. A-C compacting systems are paying their way in a wide range of industries. Couldn't you be cutting costs, too . . . improving prod-
minerals
uct quality with this efficient compacting system. See your A-C representative for details, or write: AllisChalmerSy Milwaukee 1, Wisconsin. A-1701
ALUS-
CHALMERS C & E N 49
EQUIPMENT CONTINUED Ceramic disks Positive displacement pump Controlled environment Diaphragm valves
Filtros, Inc. East Rochester, N.Y. Fluid Metering, Inc. Syosset, N.Y. Hammack Scientific Co. Houston, Tex. Hills-McCanna Co. Carpentersville, III.
Graph paper
Keuffel & Esser Co. Hoboken, N J .
Mixers (tittleford-Lodige) Needle gun (Von Arx Model 1 B) High vacuum manipulator (MRCV4-120)
Littleford Bros., Inc. Cincinnati, Ohio Marindus Co., Inc. Bergen, N.J. MRC Mfg. Corp. Orangeburg, N.Y.
Vacuum diffusion pump (Model HS16-10 f 000) Filter media (Epocel and Ultipor) Automatic sampler (Simplex) Controlled temperature baths
NRC Equipment Corp. Newton, Mass. Pall Corp. Glen Cove, N.Y. Permutit Co. Paramus, N.J. Techne (Princeton), Ltd. Princeton, N.J. Tube Turn Plastics, Inc. Louisville, Ky.
Needle valves
Filter media for pure, oil-free, dry compressed air and gases Flow rates from 0.1 gal. per hr. to 60 gal. per min. at pressures to 3000 p.s.i. Line includes baths, cabinets, incubators, ovens, and furnaces Glass-lined ductile iron bodies combining high impact and thermal strength with high resistance to corrosive chemicals For more accurate determination of theoretical plates in distillation column design Laboratory, batch, or continuous models in capacities from 1 to 20,000 gal. To remove scale from inaccessible places Used to grasp, lift, turn, or move an object in a vacuum system without disturbing the vacuum For metallizers, space simulation, and furnaces Resin-impregnated cellulose fiber resistant to wide range of chemicals For accurate and representative samples of sewage and industrial waste Fluidized bath for heating materials to 350° C. Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride materia! for use in piping components for highpurity instrumentation
INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROLS • . . Thermo-anemometer Foam detector Transducers
Alnor Instrument Co. Chicago, III. Biotechnology division of Industrial Biochemicals, Inc. Edison, N.J. General Electric Co. Schenectady, N.Y.
Oxygen analyzer (Model 632C) Fast flux neutron counter (Model 9100) Gas detection system
Hays Corp. Michigan City, Ind. Nuclear-Chicago Corp. Chicago, III. Pall Corp. Glen Cove, N.Y.
Recording controller Analytical system (Monitor II)
Partlow Corp. New Haven, Conn. Technicon Controls, Inc. Chauncey, N.Y.
Infrared source diode (SNX-100)
Texas Instruments, Inc. Dallas, Tex.
Gas chromatograph (Econograph)
Thomas Instrument & Research Co. Houston, Tex. Trimount division of General Controls Co. Des Plaines, III. Westinghouse Electronic Tube Division Elmira, N.Y.
Proportional level control (Delta G) Vacuum gage (WL-8057)
50
C&EN
J A N . 14, 1963
Measures air flows down to 10 ft. per min. Electronic unit detects all types of aqueous foam in any sized vessel Solid-state units for converting electrical and physical quantities to high power d.c. signal outputs For analysis of low concentration of oxygen with ± 2 % accuracy Designed to measure neutrons with energies from 500 k.e.v. to 15 m.e.v. Detects pre-explosion concentrations and automatically initiates preventive measures Compact unit with optional inkless marking system Wet chemical system for on-stream monitoring or mobile in-line quality control Experimental device for evaluation in optical communications, computer card readers, and infrared radar equipment For use in lecture demonstrations Measures level of materials with dielectric constants from 1.048 to water (80+) To measure pressures as low as 10~9 mm. Hg
Project Management Capability is Measured in Repeat Contracts I t is well known in the chemical engineeringconstruction field t h a t repeat business indicates a "job well d o n e . " Over t h e years Brown & Root has grown and prospered on the basis of repeat business. Typically, one of our most respected clients is the Celanese Corporation of America. Since 1951 Brown & Root has h a d three separate "grass r o o t " assignments t o build Celanese complexes in P a m p a , Texas, in E d m o n t o n , Alberta, and in B a y City, Texas. I n the chemicals field Brown & Root protects t h e integrity of owners' designs b y " n o n disclosure" contracts and works closely with
A
clients on Design, Engineering and Construction t o owners' pilot plant and development designs. T h e n , t h r o u g h site location studies, process design, detailed engineering, procurement, construction a n d pre-operations checkout. Brown & Root handles the entire project on a truly t u r n k e y basis. Brown & Root's record for fast, economical completion can be interpreted in tremendous savings and earnings for you. W e ' d b e delighted t o discuss your company's contem* plated new plant or expansions.
BROWN SL ROOT, INC. POST OFFICE BOX 3 • HOUSTON 1, TEXAS
C&EN
51
THERE• IS AN EASY WAY TO LOW-COST AUTOMATIC VISCOSITY OR CONSISTENCY CONTROL
I
Easy? Yes, because B r o o k f i e l d has developed and f i e l d proven a broad range of automatic instruments for use in the manufacturing of numerous products. The list includes such diverse items as FOOD (corn slurries, peanut butter and mayonnaise), RESINS, PAINTS, INKS, ADHESIVES, SLURRIES (cement, paper coating and coal) and even the most improbable application — MOLTEN GLASS. One of these instruments is certain to meet your specific requirements. Low cost? Also yes, because instruments not only require investment but are designed with standard recorders and of types now in use in most
Brookfield low initial to operate controllers plants.
Process-mounted Brookfield units give direct progress reports and effective control of viscosity or consistency for many chemical reactions, mixing, blending and coating operations. Several Brookfield process instruments have been specifically designed for automatic make-up of solvent loss in painting, dipping and printing. If there are fluid materials involved in your process or pilot plant work — automatic, continuous viscosity measurement control offers many specific advantages you should know about. If you agree, complete information is available and will be mailed to you upon request. World's Standard for Viscosity Measurement
Mass Spectrometer Analyzes Film Surfaces This new model mass spectrometer can do a complete nondestructive chemical analysis of film surfaces or bulk materials. The unit is being offered by the Physics Research division of Geophysics Corp. of America, Bedford, Mass. Film surfaces and bulk material samples weighing as little as 10~ u gram can be analyzed, the firm says. Samples are ionized by bombarding with high-speed argon ions in a smallspot-size bombarding beam. Ions of the test sample are injected into the double focusing, anastigmatic mass spectrometer. Custom-designed models range from $35,000 to $50,000. Applications include analysis of radio tubes, optical lenses, and electronic components, the firm says. E 31
NEW CHEMICALS New silicone electronic cooling fluid that works over a broad operating temperature range has been introduced by Dow Corning Corp., Midland, Mich. Called Dow Corning 331 fluid, it is serviceable from - 1 3 0 ° to 400° F., according to the company. The coolant's low viscosity (10 centistokes) allows high pumping rates and good heat transfer. C 1
/BrooAfield ENGINEERING LABORATORIES STOUGHTON 21, MASSACHUSETTS
52
C&EN
J A N . 14, 1 9 6 3
Pilot-plant quantities of tetra-n-butyl ammonium picrate are available from
Medical Chemicals Corp., Chicago, 111. The yellow crystalline compound is nonhygroscopic, has a melting point of 118°'c. C2
Four radiochemicals have been made available to research chemists by Nuclear Research Chemicals, Inc., Orlando, Fla. Propylene-2-C 14 has a specific activity of 1.0 millicurie per millimole; cumene-alpha-C 14 has a specific activity of 1.08 millicuries per millimole; gas chromatographic pure ethylbromoacetate-1-C 14 and -2-C 14 have specific activities of 2.8 milli-
S I L I C O N E N E W S from D o w Corning
For every cosmetic system...
Dow Corning has a special cosmetic-grade silicone to meet the needs of each type of formulation EMULSION SYSTEMS
AQUEOUS SYSTEMS
A L C O H O L SYSTEMS
SEMI-SOLID SYSTEMS
Silicones impart lasting
A n e w silicone, with
Silicones act as a lubri-
Compatible with many
protection against water-
nondefoaming character-
cant or plasticizer;
organic ingredients, this
borne irritants; give a
istics, makes hair feel
provide nonoily water
silicone offers nonsticky
smooth, pleasant feel to
soft, more lustrous,
repellency without eye
lubrication for stick
the skin; allow skin to
easier to manage. These
irritation, when added to
colognes, lip pomades,
breathe, when formu-
properties suggest appli-
preshave lotions, sun tan
stick deodorants and
lated into creams, lotions
cations in shampoos,
preparations, spray deo-
mascaras.
and ointments.
rinses, hair sets and
dorants or hair sprays.
home permanents. Evaluate this cosmetic-grade
silicone:
dimethyl polysiloxane.
Evaluate this cosmetic-grade
Evaluate this cosmetic-grade silicone:
methylphenyl polysiloxane.
glycol polysiloxane.
For technical data and formulation assistance,, write Dow Corning Corporation, Dept. 1837j Midland, Michigan.
first in
]
silicones M
Dow
silicone:
Evaluate this cosmetic-grade
silicone:
stearyl ester of dimethyl polysiloxane.
Corning C&EN 53
STANBfiRl; B.M.C.PEft©l
Save money and improve performance with LX-1050 modified epoxy ester based primers Epoxy ester based primers have become standard in the automotive industry and are fast becoming a major factor in general industrial metal finishing. Neville's research has developed a primer using Neville's LX-1050, a light-colored hydrocarbon resin designed for the modification of epoxy esters. An epoxy ester primer modified with LX-1050 shows an important raw material saving when com pared with a standard formula now in wide use, and in testing, the LX-1050 modified formula has, in all cases, outperformed the control formula. LX-1050 is similarly useful for modifying and im proving alkyd and polyurethane based coatings.
For complete details on LX-1050, write for Neville's Technical Service Bulletin No. 98b. TYPICAL PROPERTIES-NEVILLE LX-1050 R & Β Softening Point, °C. 97 Color, Gardner, 50% in Toluene 11 Color, Neville 1/2 Viscosity, Gardner, 70% in Toluene G-H Iodine No., Wijs 168 Specific Gravity @ 25°C. 1.085 Lbs. per gal., solid resin 9.04
|
Neville Chemical Co., Pittsburgh 25, Pa.
Neville Products Resins·—Coumarone-lndene, H y d r o c a r b o n — T h e r m o p l a s t i c a n d Heat Reactive, Hydroxy · Oils—Plasticizing, Rubber Reclaiming, Shingle Stain · Solvents · Antioxidants —Non-Staining Rubber High Purity Indene · Indene Chemicals · Paving Materials Chlorinated Paraffins · Ortho and Para Dichlorobenzenes. PLANTS: Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Anaheim and Santa Fe Springs, Calif.; Uithoorn, Holland
NEVILLE
curies per millimole; and acetylacetone-2-C 14 has a specific activity of Vs millicurie per millimole. C3
Isobutyl methacrylate is available in commercial quantities from Rohm & Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa. The monomer is useful in the formulation of acrylic polymer binders and coatings. According to the company, copolymers containing isobutyl methacrylate are somewhat stiffer than those containing normal butyl methacrylate but still retain the solubility and compatibility of the softer resins. C4
Molybdenum alloy containing 0.5% titanium and 0.3% carbon has been developed by the Chemical & Metallurgical division of Sylvania Electric Prod-
ucts, Inc., New York, N.Y. Called MTC, the alloy was developed for applications requiring hardness and hightemperature properties better than unalloyed molybdenum. C5
An aliphatic ester sulfate for use as a
leveling agent and dyeing assistant has been developed by Emkay Chemical Co., Elizabeth, N.J. Called Emkatex AES, the compound is said to eliminate shiners and bruises effectively when used in the dyebath. C6
Further information on keyed Equipment and Chemical items is readily available . . .
Use handy coupon on page 56
January 14, 1963
Readers' Information Service Use this handy self-mailer to obtain further information or literature. Simply mark the items desired, fill out the information requested, clip the coupon, fold, staple, and mail. (Please fill out coupon completely.)
Name: Company:O
Street:
«•*-
City
tr
Zone-
-State-
Your Title: Your Function (Check One): A n Corporate Management B • Technical Management C • Product Research D • Product Design & Development E • Process Research
F• G• H• I • J•
how to save the day Evil days befall when contaminated air robs your employees of efficiency or your neighbors of neighborliness. This has a way of turning balance sheet ink from black to red. Whether you save your air and dump the contaminant—or dump your air and save the contaminant, an activated charcoal system will save the day. It's doing it now in many plants.
how to pull the wool The sheep wouldn't do it—so Barnebey-Cheney pulled it off. Carbon wool —an elemental carbon fiber which adsorbs odors. Its great strength, high temperature resistance, chemical inertness and pliability make it a natural for air filtering, insulation and adsorptive cloth. Available in many fiber sizes. Stop in for a fitting.
activated charcoal
Process Design & Development Production—Processing Purchasing Analysis—Testing Consulting
CLIP COUPON—Fold along this line—fasten (staple, tape, glue) MAIL
Your Industry:
K •
A • Construction B • Food & Kindred Products C • Textile Mill Products D n P a P e r & A l l i e d Products E • Printing, Publishing, etc. F • Chemicals & Allied Products G • Plastics; Synthetic Resins H • Drugs I • Soap, Detergents, Cosmetics J • Paints, Varnishes, etc.
L • M • N • 0 • P • Q• R• S • T •
Petroleum Ref., Asphalts, Lubricants Rubber; Plastic Products Leather & Leather Products Stone, Clay, & Glass Products Primary Metal Industries Fabricated Metal Products Machinery & Equipment Transportation Equipment Instruments Education
We supply a complete line of activated carbons for every purpose; design and prefabricate complete purification, separation, and recovery s y s t e m s t o meet y o u r p a r t i c u l a r needs. Write for Bulletin 62-7D and recommendations on your specific application. Barnebey-Cheney, Columbus 19, Ohio.
Barnebey Cheney JAN.
14, 1 9 6 3
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