Sources and Fates of Aquatic PolluClouds and fog introduce numerous tants. Ronald A. Hites and Steven J. complications into the atmospheric Eisenreich, Eds. American Chemical chemistry of man-made pollutants. Society, 1155 16thSt., N.W., Washing- Waldeman and Hoffman discuss these ton, D.C. 20036. 1987. xiii + 558 complexities using nitrogen and sulfur pages:$99.95, cloth. species as examples. The combined theoretical treatment and field observations make this an excellent chapter on Reviewed by John W Farrington, Uni- the subject. versity of Massachusetts-Boston, BosThe chapter by Arimoto and Duce ton, Mass. 02125-3393. provides an overview of the results of the Sea-Air Exchange (SEAREX) proSources and Fates of Aquatic Pollutants gram that studied the transfer of trace is a useful collection of papers selected elements. The data from remote and from a symposium sponsored by the presumably more pristine areas furnish American Chemical Society in Septem- a basis for evaluating man-made inputs ber 1985. Its index is excellent and the of trace elements to lakes via atmoformat of its figures, tables, and type spheric transport. Moreover, the immake the book easy to read. portance of these studies to past and The book’s first three sections em- present oceanic geochemical cycles is phasize air and water processes, water discussed briefly. The thorny problem column processes, and water sediment of estimating dry deposition is treated processes. A fourth section presents in a reasonable, up-front manner. case studies. In the section on water column procMost of the chapters are reviews or esses, Murray lucidly presents a review extensive summaries and overviews of mechanisms controlling the distributhat tie several published works to- tion of trace elements in oceans and gether. The first chapter, “Methods of lakes. The comparison of first-order Estimating Solubilities of Hydrophobic processes active in oceans and lakes is Organic Compounds-Environmental instructive, especially the discussions Modeling Efforts,” by Andren, on the differences between advective Doucette, and Dickut, provides an eas- and eddy-diffusive scales and the simiily readable synopsis of the state of the larities between lakes and estuaries in art. It is recommended for beginning terms of the importance of fluxes from graduate students and advanced under- sediments to water. In the chapter on metal speciation in graduate students and also is a useful refresher for those who have been pon- natural waters, Campbell and Tessier dering this issue for several years. My delve into the importance of pH and the only difficulty with this chapter is that ionic composition of water in the conthe influence of ionic strength and sa- trol of metal speciation. Their review documents the issue of metal-organic linity on solubility is not discussed. In Chapter 2, Bidleman and Foreman interactions in natural waters that still provide theoretical and pragmatic dis- beclouds the full understanding of cussions on the vapor-particle parti- metal speciation. TWOchapters address acid depositioning of semivolatile organic compounds. They address polycyclic tion, an issue of great concern to the aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), poly- aquatic chemistry community as well as chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) , and to the public. The chapter on ion chlorinated pesticides and provide ex- budgets, by Lin, Schnoor, and Glass, amples from studies of urban and rural focuses on a lake in Wisconsin. It is environments. This chapter would have interesting because it illustrates the imbeen enhanced, however, by a deeper portance of coupling hydrologic discussion of the value of studies in- models with chemically and microvolving individual congeners of PCBs, bially mediated element budgets. The chapter also reminds the reader of the chlorinated boranes, and camphenes. The chapters by Astle, et al. cover difficulty in obtaining reliable estimates records of pollution in lake sediments. of seemingly simple data such as the They do not, however, include benthic volume of precipitation. The next chapmicrofauna and irrigation processes in ter, by Brezonik, Baker, and Perry, oftheir models; this is a notable omission fers a tutorial on the processes of inwith regard to the study of many lake alkalinity generation. Elzerman and Coates open the secaquatic ecosystems. 498 Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 22,No. 5, 1988
tion on water sediment processes with a superb chapter that reviews hydrophobic organic compounds on sediments. I was especially pleased to see the extensive credit given to the pioneering research of Sam Karickhoff in this area of aquatic chemistry. In the next chapter, Eadie and Robbins present compelling information on the insights gained when measurements of hydrophobic organic contaminants are combined with measurements of radionuclides (e.g., from nuclear weapons tests). They may take pride in this chapter, which summarizes several years of painstaking work and is a substantial contribution to the type of aquatic research necessary to mitigate environmental quality damage. Charles and Hites review methods for studying sediments to reconstruct the history of certain pollutants introduced into the environment. They discuss the general principles governing the usefulness of these methods and cite several studies on lead, mercury, PAHs, PCBs, and DDT, Eisenreich begins the section on case studies with a chapter on PCBs in Lake Superior. In the three chapters that follow, Oliver discusses the fate of some chlorobenzenes in Lake Ontario; Armstrong and co-workers provide information on the cycles of hydrophobic organic compounds and nutrient elements in Crystal Lake; and Homond and colleagues discuss element cycling in wetlands. Unfortunately, Sources and Fates of Aquatic Pollutants lacks a summary and an overview of the presentations in the book-an omission that detracts from the book’s value. In addition, the book lacks chapters on two critical topics: the uptake, fate, and release of aquatic pollutants by biota and the routes of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems back to man. These shortcomings aside, I find Sources and Fates of Aquatic Pollutants to be a valuable addition to the literature in environmental sciences. Several of the chapters are teaching-quality, primary references for graduate and undergraduate courses. I highly recommend the book to graduate students and to students entering aquatic chemistry from other disciplines in chemistry. It should be on the shelves of libraries at universities, industry and government laboratories, and especially consulting companies.
0013-936x/88/0922-0498$01 S O / O 0 1988 American Chemical Society
