EIGHTH ANNUAL WASTE TESTING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE SYMPOSIUM J u l y 13-17, 1992 MANAGED BY THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY EPA has several goals in sponsoring the Waste Testing and Quality Assurance Symposia series. These include improving communication between the Agency, the public, and other regulatory officials on measurement and monitoring issues facing those involved in implementing and complying with the hazardous waste management program; presenting new developments in waste and environmental media sampling and testing methods: and discussing quality assurance issues and procedures. This symposium is designed to fill the needs of individuals working in public and private sector laboratories responsible for hazardous waste analysis and quality assurance and of individuals responsible for RCRA and CERCLA implementation. Its content will highlight EPA's developing requirements for quality assurance and analytical procedures acceptable under the national hazardous waste regulatory program and Superfund. Anyone involved in waste and environmental media analysis and monitoring under RCRA and CERCLA will find this symposium timely in that it allows for the exchange of current technical information well in advance of formal publication in the Federal Register.
Highlights This year, the symposium will undergo a major change in format. In addition to technical sessions highlighting new field and laboratory techniques and the exposition highlighting new equipment and supplies, a series of discussion sessions have been added to solicit in-
characterization is that of sample representativeness. In one course, Francis Pitard will review the theory and practice of sampling wastes and environmental media. The second course will deal with RCRA regulatory and legal issues.
put on solving monitoring issues important to EPA's regulatory programs. The issue sessions will include: using performance-based methods, predicting the environmental impact of oily materials, characterizing heterogeneous materials, and characterizing mixed waste for various data needs. The technical sessions will cover sampling, sample preparation, field and laboratory analysis of both organic and inorganic constituents, air and groundwater monitoring, and quality assurance. Papers will be given in both oral and poster formats depending on the type of material to be presented. Posters will be presented on Tuesday and Wednesday in the hotel exposition hall. Poster papers will be on display from 3:OO p.m. to 6:30 p.m. on Tuesday and 3:OO p.m. to 6:OO p.m. on Wednesday. Authors will be available for discussion during the hours of 4:OO p.m. to 6:OO p.m. on the day their presentation is listed in the schedule. The conference will host two courses this year. In many cases, the limiting quality of a waste or media
0013-936x192/0926-1289$03.00/0 @ 1992 American Chemical Society
Issue workshops A two-part format will be used for the workshops. Part One will consist of short overview presentations reviewing the problem from both the regulated and regulatory community perspectives. In addition, a review will be made of the applicable state of the science and of options that are being considered for addressing the issue. Following the presentations, the audience will divide into three work groups to evaluate the options and to develop other potential solutions. In order to ensnre a high degree of interaction and discussion, each work group will be limited to a maximum of 75 participants and, to the extent possible, will represent a cross section of interests. We therefore require participants to register in advance for each issue workshop. To adequately prepare for the work group sessions, we anticipate sending each workshop registrant background information on the presentations and options prior to the meeting. Please indicate which issue session you would like to participate in on the registration form. There is no additional charge to participate in these sessions. Perfomace-based monitoring Establishing monitoring requirements generally requires that the regulated community receive prior Environ. Sci. Technol.. Vol. 26, No. 7, 1992 1289
approval of the methods used in conducting the monitoring. Approval occurs either by EPA publishing or referencing approved methods in the Code of Federal Regulations or through a permitting process. Although the system has advantages with respect to data comparability and personnel training, it tends to retard progress in developing and using new, more costeffective monitoring methods. In addition, such an approach puts a severe burden on EPA relative to method evaluation and validation. Replacing the current approach with a performance-based monitoring approach has been proposed as a means of both improving the quality of environmental data and lowering the cost of gathering the data. In this session, we would like to explore implementation of a performance-based approach. The discussions will look at the advantages and disadvantages of such a system and the problems attendant to its operation. Among the issues that need to be resolved are: w h a t validation p r o c e d u r e s should the laboratory conduct in order to determine whether the selected method is appropriate for the analyte/matrix, what data should be reported to document that the required performance quality has been achieved, and what performance measures should EPA specify (e.g., precision, bias, sensitivity, degree of confidence of property in relation to defined threshold) when establishing performance requirements.
Predicting impact of oily materials A major concern when assessing a material’s environmental impact is accurately predicting its potential to migrate to groundwater after cont a c t i n g t h e g r o u n d . Materials which, when placed into or on the land, remain fixed pose a much lower risk than those with a potential to migrate. Given their volume, economic importance, and potential impact on human health and the environment, accurately assessing the migration of oily materials is critical. Although a number of techniques are in use for evaluating the leaching potential of oily materials, none is considered satisfactory. Current tools for assessing oily waste leachability all suffer from serious defects. Some of these problems are operational in nature (e.g., clogging 1290 Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 26, No. 7,1992
of the Method 1311 filter during the filtration step), whereas others deal with more fundamental questions concerning how the materials interact when in contact with soils. In this session, we will look at the Agency’s needs and explore what approach(es) should be considered. The major concern is what approaches (e.g., methods, models) can or should be used to predict what portion of an oily waste material would migrate from the point of placement to a potential groundwater aquifer.
Heterogeneous materials In this session, we will look at how best (e.g., most cost-effectively) to characterize wastes or other environmental materials that have a high degree of inherent, random heterogeneity and for which the usual homogenization techniques (e.g., cone and quartering) are not sufficient to yield a representative sample. Such wastes include bottom ash from incinerators with heterogeneous feeds, auto shredder fluff, slags, and laboratory wastes. Generally our concern is with materials for which particle size reduction is not a practical solution because of technical difficulty, cost, or because particle size reduction would change the waste’s properties of concern. The problem here is, given the variability, how can representative values be obtained for properties such as concentration, leaching potential, and so forth? Characterizingmixed wastes When planning a waste characterization study, it is important that one give careful consideration to how the data are to be used. This is important with respect both to making sure that the correct data are gathered to answer the question(s) being posed and to preventing unnecessary work. In most cases, taking extra samples and performing unnecessary analyses wastes time and money. However, when dealing with radioactive wastes there are significant safety problems as well. One concern deals with tailoring the waste characterization effort to the waste management data needs. If the sample has a significant amount of radioactivity, then what properties (in addition to the radiological hazards) need to be determined to properly categorize the material with respect to the appropriate means of disposal? We will use this session as a forum for ex-
ploring how to develop waste analysis plans tailored to the characteristics of the waste materials, the proposed means of waste management, and the potential hazards posed by the waste.
Discussion groups As part of EPA’s efforts to improve communication between the Agency and users and developers of monitoring methodology, the Agency is forming a series of discussion groups for sharing information on both new and existing methods. The groups will look at ways of solving measurement problems and will serve to facilitate the introduction of new measurement techniques into EPA’s regulatory programs. Although they are being held in conjunction with the Waste Testing and Quality Assurance Symposium, the discussion groups are part of the Agency’s program to integrate its monitoring methods and to facilitate the introduction of new measurement techniques. The discussion will thus cover all media and regulatory applications and will be held on Friday, July 17. Subjects to be discussed include: Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP), Solid Phase Absorbents (SPA), and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The meetings are open to all interested persons; discussions will deal with the status of the techniques, what data are needed to further advance the technology, and how EPA and interested parties can work together to gather the data. A highlight of the ICP meeting will be a discussion of the draft integrated ICP method being developed by the EPA’s Environmental Monitoring Management Council. Please indicate on the registration form which discussion group you plan to attend. Two state-of-the-artcourses Increase your technical and regulatory expertise by enrolling in either or both of the following special courses available only to meeting registrants. The tuition fee per course is $50.00. Registration will be limited to the first 50 students that apply. To enroll, fill in the appropriate section on the meeting registration form. Sampling methodologies course On the weekend preceding the symposium, July 11 and 1 2 , EPA will host the course “Sampling
Methodologies for Monitoring the Environment.” The course will be given by Francis Pitard, an international expert on sampling theory and practice, and will review the fundamental statistical concepts important in sampling; concepts important to the design of successful, cost-effective sampling programs; avoiding errors when implementing sampling plans; special problems when dealing with trace level pollutants; nonnormal distributions: and materials with widely varying particle sizes. RCRA update course On Friday, July 17, EPA will host a one-day course dealing with legal a n d regulatory issues. In t h i s course, Marcus Cooke and the other speakers will present an overview of the RCRA regulations, discuss the FPA’s proposed Corrective Action regulations, discuss RCRA legal precedents and practices, and look at other important and current regulatory program issues. Exhibits The exposition will be held on Tuesday, July 14, and Wednesday, July 15, in the symposium hotel’s Exhibit Hall. The exhibition will contain almost 100 booths. Technical experts will answer questions
on new sampling and testing equipment and instruments, information management systems. quality assurance and control software, and laboratory standards and supplies. Exposition hours will run from 1130 n.m. to 6:30 p.m. on July 14 and from 1O:OO a.m. to 6:OO p.m. on July 15. Admittance to the exposition is included in the symposium registration fee. For further details contact Evalyn Fuller (ACS) at (202) 872-4485. General schedule The registration desk will be open 7:OO a.m. until 4:30 p.m., Monday through Thursday, and 7:OO a.m. until 11:30 a.m. on Friday. The EnvirACS Expo registration desk will remain open throughout the exposition hours. Sessions will run concurrently. Monday evening from 5:OO to 7:OO p m . a reception will be held in the Hyatt Regency Crystal City to kick off the symposium, and Tuesday evening the EnvirACS reception will he held from 5:OO to 6:30 p.m. Registration Telephone inquiries for registration only can be directed to (202) 872-4608. Please make checks payable to ACS or American Chemical Society.
Refunds Cancellations after June 29 and prior to July 13 will be assessed a $50 fee. Location Crystal City, near Arlington, is at the center of the Washington metropolitan area. It is located within 5 miles of the White House and the famous museums, government buildings, memorials, historical sites, and theaters. Crystal City is 35 miles from Baltimore, 135 miles from Philadelphia, and 220 miles from New York City.
Air transportation Washington National Airport is a brief taxicab or subway ride to the hotel. Dulles and Baltimore-Washington International (BWI) airports are only 45 minutes away. Program information The symposium is sponsored by the US. Environmental Protection Agency and is managed by the American Chemical Society. Those interested in additional information s h o u l d contact T h e American Chemical Society, Meetings Department, 1155 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20036: (202) 8724068; telefax (202) 872-6128.
Environ. Sci. Technol.. Vol. 26, No. 7. 1992 1291
MONDAY 2:304:15 SAMPLINQ AND FIELD I Introduction. Howard Fribush, Session Chair Field QA and Representative Sampling: Findings of a National Workshop. L.R. Williams Quantitative In-Situ Soil Gas Sampling. G.E. Robitaille, K.T. Lang, K.P. Lucero Field and Laboratory Methods for a Superfund Ecological Risk Assessment at Milltown Reservoir Wetlands. G. Linder, M. Bollman. C. Gillett, J. Nwosu. S. Ott. D. Wilborn, G. Henderson, C. Callahan Use of HgI, Spectrometers in Detection of Lead in Paint. J.S.Iwanczyk. Y.J. Wang. W.R. Graham
Department of Energy Locations. S. Blacker Laboratory Auditina as a Quality Control Procedure to Evaiuale Achievement of Data Quality Objectives. LA. Phillips Total Quality Management in the Environmental Laboratory. F.J. Unangst
QUALITY ASSURANCE II Introduction. Duane Geuder, Session Chair Designing and Implementing a Representative Sampling and Analysis Plan for PCBs in Nonhomogeneous Industrial Scrap. D.N. Speis. M.P. Hoyt Advances in Data Quality Objectives Guidance for Superfund Remedial Investigation. D. Neptune Performance Evaluation Samples-What Do They Tell Us? G.L. Robertson,J . Lee
SAMPLINQ AND FIELD II
TUESDAY 8:lS-2:30 QUALITY ASSURANCE I Introduction. Charles Sellers,Session Chairperson Automating Analytical Quality Control on a Local Area Network Based LlMS System. R.D. Beaty, M.R. Schoen Performance Evaluation of Analytical Methods for RCRA Regulatory Programs for the Petroleum Industry. G. Walters, D. Kocurek The Importance of Selecting Representative Samples in the Development of a Successful Treatability Study. L.A. Hines,S.E. Morrissetle Application of Data Quality Objective to Environmental Restoration Activities at
Introduction. Kim Kirkland. Session Chair Immunoassay Methods for Environmental Field Screening. S.B. Friedman Cost Effective PCB lnvevtigation Utilizing Immunoassay. 1.S. Smith, E. Brozowski. J.E. Rhodes Current Status of Lipidcontaining Semipermeable Memhrane Devices as Environmental Dosimeters. J.D.Petty.J.N. Huckins. J.A. Lebo. I.L. Zajicek
WEDNESDAY
I
1282 Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 26, No. 7, 1992
INORQANICS I Introduction. Mike Hurd. Session Chair The Efficacy of Microwave Hot Acid Leaching for Determination of Metals. L. lassie. E. Hasty, R. Revesz, H.M. Kingston A New Device for High-pressure Microwave Digestion. R.Kramer Microwave Digestion of Incinerator Samples. 2. Yang Capillary Ion Analysis: A New Method for Determining Ions in Water and Solid Waste Leachates. J.P. Romano Use of Capillary Electrophoresis for the Determination of Organic and Inorganic Anions in Ground Water at a Superfund Site. L.W. Strattan The Determination of Hg and Other Trace Elements in Soil Using Neutron Activation Analysis. 1.Robinson, F.F. Dyer, D.W. Combs, J.W. Wade, N.A. Teasley, J.E. Carlton, A.L. Ondracek, J.R. Stokely
8:lS-2:30 AIR AND GROUNDWATER Introduction. Jim Brnwn. Session Chair
I Lab Magazine 906
Systems 1203 3aird Corporation 401 I. T. Baker, Inc. 113-15-17 3erghof/America, Inc. 905 3urdick & .Jackson 305 :DS Analytical, Inc. 111 :EMCorp. 501 :hem Service, Inc. 705 :hemware, Inc. 205 :rescent Chemical Co. 310 Ierma Pro Tec 119 lionex Corporation 602-04 iberbach Corp. 120 i-N-G Mobile Systems, Inc. 207 iNSYS, Inc. 503-05 _".,*. ' mental Express 301
Handbook and Database of RCRA GroundWater Monitoring Constituents: Chemical and Physical Properties. A.E. Johnson, R. Carlston. J.R. Brown, V.B. Myers Design of Cost-Effective Ground-Water Monitoring Systems in Limestone and Dolomite Terranes: Cost-Effective as Conceived Is Not Cost-Effective as Built If the Design and Sampling Frequency Are Irrelevant to Site Hydrogeology. J.F. Quinlan, G.J. Davies Releasable Cyanide and Sulfide; Dysfunctional Regulation. J. lomy,J. Fowler, C. Ramsey. M. Siao
Hewlett Packard 201-03 Hewlett Packard 202-04-06 Hewlen Packard 208 Horizon Technology Corp. 704 I-Chem Research, Inc. 1004 Inorganic Ventures/Protocol 711 Instruments SA, Inc. 107 International Video Distributors Inc. 902-04 J&W Scientific 709-10 Lachat Instruments 106 LDC Analytical 606 Leeman Labs, Inc. 407 Miliipore. Extrel 1202 National Institute of Standards &
Inkoduction. Oliver Fordbam, Session Chair
ORGANICS I
Using HPLC. C.R. Hecht, F. Thomas, J.W. Kolo anis Analvsis of gesticides in Groundwater Using Atmospheric Pressure Chemicals. D.R. Doerge The Use of Supercritical Fluid Extraction/ GC-MS for the Quantitative Determination of PAHs in Soil. J.M. Levy Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHS) with Analysis by Infrared Spectroscopy. M.L. Bruce, M.W. Stephens Using a Vacuum Centrifuge as an Alternative to Kuderna-Danish Distillation, Rotary Evaporators, and Nitrogen Blowdown, B.N. Colby, C.S. Parsons
Introduction. Barry Lesnik, Session Chair
POSTERS
Status of the RCRA Organic Program. B. Lesnik Determining TCLP Volatiles in Waste Oil at Regulatory Levels. P. Marsden, B.W. Colby, C.L. Helms Volatiles in Soils. P. Kester Vacuum Distillation: An Alternative to the Analysis of Volatile Analytes of Conventional Purge and Trap. D.R. Youngman, M.H. Hiatt Open Tubular Solid Phase Extraction. P. Del Mar Accelerated Liquid/Liquid Extraction with Reduced Splvent Volume. M.L. Bruce, M.W. Stephens, J. Carl, B. Killough, T. Zine. D. Burkitt
TUESDAY
Use of Transportable X-Ray Fluorescence for Determination of Selected Aqueous Trace Contaminants. R.E. Phillips, R.J. Bath, P.D. Greenlaw, J. Hudek, R.D. Spear Comparative Evaluation of Sample Preparation Methods for the Determination of Metal Analytes in High-Concentration Environmental Samples. C. Jones, W.R. Newberry, X. Suarez Ion-Exchange Solid Phase Extraction: Factors Influencing Retention and Elution and Their Application in Method Development. A.J. Spilkin
THURSDAY 8:15-4:30 ORGANICS II Introduction. Angelo Carasea, Session Chair A Rugged and Cost-Effective Method for the Determination of Explosive Residues in Environmental Water Samples. M.G. Winslow, B.A. Weichert, R, Baker A Solid Phase Extraction Disk Method for the Extraction of Explosives from Water. G. Le Brun, P. Rethwill, J. Matteson Analysis of Environmental Samples for Methylmercury Using Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection. D.K. Root, W.W. Li A Practical Means of Measurement of Purgeable Organic Halides at Low Concentrations by Oxidative Pyrolysis/ Coulometric Titration. J.R. Simon, Jr., J. Lowry, C. Ramsey Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry for Pesticide Analysis and Other Applications. M. Zimmerman Extending the Detection Limits of Quadrupole GUMS Systems in Environmental Analysis: Common Problems and Novel Solutions. L.C. Doherty
ORGANICS 111 Introduction. Werner Beckert, Session Chair Environmental Applications of Particle Beam LC/MS. D.R. Doerge Analyses of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and Silvex in Hazardous Wastes and TCLP Extracts
AIR & GROUNDWATER Design Considerations for an Automated On-Line Air Sampling System. J. Ryan, I. Seeley
INORGANIC Applications of X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Hazardous Waste Analyses. D. Kendall
ORQANIC An Interlaboratory Evaluation of a Method to Extract Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Solid Samples Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. W.F. Beckert The Determination of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in Analytical Extracts Using Split Injection Technique with an Ion Trap GC/MS. R. Brittain, N. Kirshen, E. Almasi Concentration of Water Soluble Volatile Organic Compounds from Solid Samples by Azeotropic Microdistillation. M.L. Bruce,R. Tomayko, M.W. Stephens GC/MS Identification of Artifacts Formed During Sample Preparation Using EPA Methods 625 and 8270. P.H. Chen, W.A. VanAusdale, W.S. Keeran, D.F. Roberts Evaluation of Open Path FTIR/UV for VOC Determination. P.D. Greenlaw, R.J. Bath, R.E. Phillips, J. Hudek, R.D. Spear An Interlaboratory Calibration Study of a Thermospray-Liquid Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry Method for the Detection of Carbamates in Environmental Matrices. T.L. Jones, V. Lopez-Avila The Determination of Sub Part-Per-Billion Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air by Pre-Concentration from Small Sample Volumes. N. Kirshen, E. Almasi Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Chlorophenoxy Acid Herbicides from Soil Samples. V. Lopez-Avila, J. Benedicto, N.S. Dodhiwala, W.F. Beckert Molecular Profiling Oily Wastes by Thermal Extraction-Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry: Use in Treatability Studies. C. Sutton Isolation of PCDD/PCDF from Complex Sample Extracts with an Automated Modular Liquid Chromatographic System Using Disposable Prepacked Chromatographic Columns. T.O. Tiernan, H. Shirkhan, D.J. Wagel, G.F. VanNess, J.G. Solch, J.H. Garrett
WEDNESDAY QUALITY ASSURANCE Database Trends in Problems Observed in Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) Inorganic Data Reviews. K.A. Aleckson Use of Organic Tape and Data Reviews in Technical and Quality Assurance Oversight of Superfund Contract Laboratories. J. Armour, V. Dandge, D. Hewbtson Data Validation Procedures for Dioxin/ Furan Data. L. J, Dupes Cost Effectiveness of Data Quality Objectives in Environmental Monitoring Performance-Based Methodology. M . Dym ers ki ENSRs Automated Data Validation System. M. F e d , M. Hoyt, Karnofsky Using Handheld Computers to Improve the Quality of Field Data Documentation and Transmittal. B. Hill, J. Holley Laboratory Automation System for Standard and Reagent Preparation. M. Hummel, L. Lindquist, R. Dovi, F. Dias, B. Warden Cost-Effective Monitoring Program-A Success Story. K. Johnson Method Modification or Deviation? Addressing Data Comparability. R.C. Mealy Waste Minimization Program at Environmental Laboratories. H.C. Mehra Laboratory Compliance through SelfAudit. G. L. Poling, R.A. Thompson Data Validation Guidance for EPA Organic and Inorganic Analytical Methods. A. Rosecrance Use of Performance Evaluation Samples in Assessing Environmental Data Quality. D.Sims Dwight, P. Zawodny Quality Assurance Practices for Data Entry and Electronic Data Transfer. L.M. Tomczak The Impact of the GUMS Raw Data Audit on the Monitoring of the USEPA Contract Laboratories. M.K. Wolf, D.J. Elkins Js
SAMPLING AND FIELD Development of a Monoclonal Antibody Immunoassay for the Detection of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil. R.L. Allen, T.M. Stewart, T.A. Withers, W.B. Manning, S.B. Friedman The Field Screening of a Large Site for Pentachlorophenol Contamination Using an Immunoassay-Based Analytical Method. K.R. Carter The Application of Immunoassay-Based Field Analytical Methods. K.R. Carter The Assessment of a Site for PCB Contamination Using an Immunoassay-Based Field Analytical Method. K.R. Carter A Mixed Waste Methods Compendium: DOE Analytical Methods for Environmental and Waste Management Samples. S.C. Goheen, M. McCulloch, S.K. Fadeff, R.M. Bean, R.G. Riley Analysis of PCBs by Enzyme Immunoassay. R.O. Harrison, R.E. Carlson Quantification of 2,4-D and Related Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid Herbicides by a Magnetic Particle-Based Solid-Phase ELISA. T.S. Lawruk, C.S. Hottenstein, D.P. Herzog, F.M. Rubio, J.R. Fleeker Environ. Sci. Techno\.,Vol. 26,No. 7, 1992 1293
