1860
J. Chem. Eng. Data 2006, 51, 1860-1861
Experimental Vapor Pressure Data and a Vapor Pressure Equation for N,N-Dimethylformamide Xiaolong Cui, Guangming Chen,* and Xiaohong Han Institute of Refrigeration & Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
New results of vapor pressure data for N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) have been measured in the range of temperatures from (308.15 to 368.15) K. The measurement uncertainties in the present work were estimated to be within ( 10 mK for temperature and ( 0.103 kPa for pressure. Based on experimental data, a new Wagnertype vapor pressure equation for DMF was presented. The equation of DMF was also compared with available literature data. The purity of DMF sample used in the present measurements was 99.99 mass %.
Introduction There is a growing interest in the absorption refrigeration system for upgrading waste heat to useful higher temperature levels. Besides the ammonia + water and lithium bromide + water refrigerant + absorbent pairs commercially utilized, numerous other refrigerant + absorbent pairs are currently being considered.1-5 Among these refrigerants, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and difluoromethane (R32) with suitable nonvolatile organic solvents such as dimethyl ether of tetraethylene glycol (DMETEG), dibutyl phthalate (DBPh) and N,Ndimethylformamide (DMF) appear to be promising. Compared with DMETEG and DBPh, DMF has several advantages, such as considerable lower price, significantly lower viscosity, and higher absorption capacity for R134a.6 Information about the vapor pressures of DMF is essential for its application as an absorbent in an absorption refrigeration system. It is also very useful in calculating the thermodynamic properties necessary for the design of such machinery. The thermodynamic properties of DMF and its experimental data are scarce in the literature.7 In this paper, the measurement of vapor pressure data for DMF in the range of temperatures from (308.15 to 368.15) K were presented. A new vapor pressure equation for DMF was developed.
Experimental Section Materials. The sample of the DMF, provided by SamSung Fine Chemical Co. Ltd., Korea, had a purity of 99.99 mass %. It was used without further purification. Apparatus. The apparatus used in this work is shown schematically in Figure 1. It includes a high-accuracy thermostatic bath, a sample cell, a pressure measurement system, a temperature measurement system, and a vacuum system. The temperature in the double-walled thermostat bath was controlled by a Shimadzu SR253 proportional controller, which can be varied from (243.15 to 368.15) K. The temperature fluctuation in the bath is less than ( 4 mK in 1 h. The temperature measurement are made with a four-lead 25-Ω platinum resist* Corresponding author. Tel: +86 571 8795 1680. Fax: +86 571 8795 2464. E-mail:
[email protected].
Figure 1. Experimental apparatus: 1, thermostat bath; 2, stainless steel sample cell; 3, platinum resistance thermometer; 4, circulating pump; 5, Keithlely 2010 data acquisition/switch unit; 6, absolute pressure transmitter; 7, refrigeration system; 8, temperature sensor; 9, stirrer; 10, heater; 11, temperature controller; 12, vacuum pump; 13, DMF.
ance thermometer (Yunnan Instrument WZPB-2) with an uncertainty of ( 5mK (ITS) and a Keithley 2010 data acquisition/switch unit with an uncertainty of less than ( 1 mK. The overall error in the temperature measurement system was less than ( 10 mK. The error of the absolute pressure transmitter (Druck PTX 610) is less than 0.08 % in the range of pressures from (0 to 120) kPa. The sample cell was vacuum pumped to about 0.06 Pa before the experiment. After the sample cell was filled, the cell was evacuated for several minutes by means of a vacuum pump, and then the thermostat bath temperature was controlled at the experimental temperature. After thermal equilibrium was established between the sample and the heat transfer fluid in the bath and the pressure remained constant, the temperature and the pressure of the sample were recorded.
Vapor Pressure Data and Analysis Thirty-two vapor pressure data points for DMF measured at temperatures from (308.15 to 368.15) K were measured, as listed in Table 1. The accuracy of the measured vapor pressure data
10.1021/je060224i CCC: $30.25 © 2006 American Chemical Society Published on Web 08/03/2006
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Vol. 51, No. 5, 2006 1861 Table 1. Experimental Vapor Pressure Data of DMF T/K
p/kPa
T/K
p/kPa
T/K
p/kPa
307.15 309.15 311.15 313.15 315.15 317.15 319.15 321.15 323.15 325.15 327.15
0.922 1.056 1.204 1.356 1.533 1.736 1.948 2.178 2.429 2.702 2.998
329.15 331.15 333.15 335.15 337.15 339.15 341.15 343.15 345.15 347.15 349.15
3.319 3.667 4.044 4.451 4.892 5.367 5.880 6.433 7.029 7.670 8.360
351.15 353.15 355.15 357.15 359.15 361.15 363.15 365.15 367.15 369.15
9.101 9.898 10.755 11.674 12.660 13.718 14.853 16.068 17.371 18.806
is affected not only by pressure measurement system but also by temperature instability. The pressure uncertainty caused by the pressure measurement system (∆pm) and temperature instability(∆ps)(∆ps ) (dp/dT)s∆T) were estimated as ∆p ) ∆pm +
(dTdp) ∆T s
(1)
Figure 2. Relative deviation of the vapor pressure data from eq 2: 2, present work; 9, ref 7.
where (dp/dT)s is the first deviation of the vapor pressure with temperature, which was determined from the experimental data or a vapor pressure equation, and ∆T is the temperature uncertainty. From apparatus conditions described above, the maximum overall pressure uncertainty was estimated to be not more than ( 0.103 kPa for DMF.
The applicable range of this equation was at temperatures from (308.15 to 368.15) K.
Vapor Pressure Equation
Literature Cited
Based on the experimental data listed in Table 1, a Wagnertype8 vapor pressure equation of DMF was developed:
()
ln
Tc p ) (a1τ + a2τ1.25 + a3τ3 + a4τ7) pc T
(2)
where τ ) 1 - T/Tc, a1 ) 36.48688, a2 ) -68.67427, a3 ) 62.2708, a4 ) -229.0057. Tc ) 596.6 K is the critical temperature, and pc ) 5.220 MPa9 is the critical pressure. The relative deviation between the experimental data and the values calculated from eq 2 is shown in Figure 2. The present experimental data are well represented by eq 2, the maximum relative deviation is 0.391 %, and the root mean square (RMS) deviation is 0.025 %. Figure 2 also shows the deviations of the available literature data from eq 2. The maximum and RMS deviations of eq 2 from the literature7 are 3.428 % and 0.347 %, respectively.
Conclusion Thirty-two vapor pressures data points for DMF have been measured in the range of temperatures from (308.15 to 368.15) K. The measurement uncertainties in the present work were estimated to be within ( 10 mK for temperature and ( 0.103 kPa for pressure. The results were fitted with a Wager-type vapor equation and compared with the available literature data.
Acknowledgment We thank Qi Chen for providing useful help in preparation of the manuscript.
(1) Herraiz, J.; Shen Shubao; Coronas, A. Vapor-liquid equilibria for methanol+poly(ethylene glycol) 250 dimethy ether. J. Chem. Eng. Data 1998, 43, 191-195. (2) Esteve, X.; Chaudhari, S. K.; Cornor, A. Vapor-liquid equilibria for methanol + tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 1995, 40, 1252-1256. (3) Now, U.; Steimle, F. Thermophysical properties of new working fluid systems for absorption processes. Int. J. Refrig. 1992, 15, 10-15. (4) Bhaduri, S. C. Varma, H. K. P-T-x behaviour of R22 with five different absorbents. Int. J. Refrig. 1986, 9, 362-366. (5) Borde, I.; Jelinek, M.; Daltrophe, N. C. Absorption system based on the refrigerant R134a. Int. J. Refrig. 1995, 18, 387-394. (6) Jelinek, M.; Borde, I.; Yaron, I. Enthalpy-concentration diagram of the system R22-dimethyl formamide and performance characteristics of refrigeration cycle operating with this system. ASHRAE Trans. 1978, 84, 60-67. (7) Agarwal, R. S.; Bapat, S. L. Solubility characteristics of R22-DMF refrigerant-absorbent combination. Int. J. Refrig. 1985, 8, 70-74. (8) Wagner, W. New vapour pressure measurement for argon and nitrogen and a new method for establishing rational vapour pressure equations. Cryogenics 1973, 13, 470-482. (9) Blanco, B.; Beltra´n, S.; Cabezas, J. L.; Coca J. Phase equiibria of binary systems formed by hydrocarbons from petroleum fractions and the solvents N-methylpyrrolidone and N,N-dimethylformamide. 1. Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 1997, 42, 938942. Received for review May 18, 2006. Accepted July 7, 2006. This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 50276054) and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant Z105034).
JE060224I
