INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
1452
TABLE
Stock So Formula, p a r t s b y n t S-40
TYxm-
Perbunan 3 5 S S 90 Basic lead carbonate Stearic acid Dioctyl phthalate Observations Physical properties (unaged) Tensile, lb./sq. in. Ultimate elongation, % Shore durometer hardness Specific gravity Brittle temperature, O F. Crescenr tear a t room temp., Ib./in Extrusion a t 220O F.* Inches/min. l a ) Grams./min. ( b ! Swell index ( b ) ! ( a ) Appearance Physical properties (oven-aged for 3 d a y s a t 250' F.) Tensile, Ib./sq. in. I-ltimate elongation, Fc Shore durometer hardness Physical properties (oven-aged f o r 6 days a t 2503 F , i Tensile, ib.'sq. in. Ultimate elongation, wc Shore durometer hardnees * 80 r . p . m . , 0.4-inch die b y 0.3-inch pin
...
XI. PERBUXAN-\'\*~T$~ S-40 R L E S D ~ 5
6
7
2D
25
100 50
100 50
50 100 50
50 100 50
1.5 25 blight odor, 'light rack
1
2
3
4
10
25 100 50 3 1.5
30 100 50
100 50 3 1.5
S o odor, no surface tack
2490 140 95
1.222 - 30 560
Yo odor, no
surface tack
2
S o odor, n o surface tack
S o odor, no surface tack
Slight odor, slight t a c k
1760 190 93
1710 310 88 1 171
1260 320 87 1.139 - 10
2010 190 94 1.222 20 505
2
f40 420
- 20 280
1330 400 71 1.142 - 30 170
56 77 4 1 38 Smooth
61 81 1.33 Smooth
100 1.19 Ern oo t h
1080
1290
.....
+
123 1.98 Smooth
Smooth
2960 50 80
2370 130 90
2210 1-10 85
1520 130
3360 20 81
1890 120 92
2 1c,o
2090
52.5 80 8 1.54
120 80
parts on tlic I-\-S\T-no dioctyl phthalatv \va,< r i y u i r d t o obtain good Ion teinpcrature properties. Once again th(3 i.csu1ts on extrusion at 220" F. shon-rd that the S-40 polynirr actctl as a processing aid for thc Perbunan-VYSTV blends 01' thii PerhurlanVTS\V-djoctyl phthalate blends. As thc amount of S-40polymer was increastbd in the blend, the extrusion ratc as improved and the sv--elling index v a s reduced. The S-40 polynicir-Perbunan-VTSTV-dioctyl phthalate blends eshibitcti inttwsting aging properties when held a t 250" F. in a n air OVCII. For example, in the 6-day aging test, the Perbunan-VI-STT tilcnti s h o w d a short elongation to break, whereas the S-polymerPerbunan 3 5 X S - T T S K type blends retained to a grcat rstcnt their original elongation.
3
3 1.0
.....
.....
70 100 1 43 Eniooth
62
Vol. 39, No. 11
85
110 80
3 1 5 50 Slight odor, .light tack 800.
50 71 1.125 - 20 110
220
84
72 84 1 17 Smootb
'
860
140 80
140 85
30
1320 120 79
1930 100 84
1490 30
75
76
.ACKNOWLEDGRIENT
The advice, c.ricour:igc,nient, and assistance of I,. T3. Turricr, 13. 11. V:tnclci.liilt, \T7, ,J, Snarlis, and E. ?;. Cunninglinni during thc c o i i r ~ rof this work are greatly appreciated. LITERATURE CITED
lI.,.I. - 1 ~ 1 C'hem. . SOC..63, 369-78 (1941). ( 2 ) Hendermii. D. I?.. IT,9 . Patent 2,3300,353 (Seot. 2 5 . 1943) (3) Kcnney. It. P.. Jforlcrn Plastics, 23, 106-7 (Sept. 1940). (1) lloulton. 11. 8.. Iliid.. 23, 117-20 (Oct. 1916). (5) Plotterberk, 0. r., arid Young. D. IT,,Am. Pairif 6.. 2 9 , Yo. 5.4,
(1) I.'uo~s.I!.
16 (1944).
(6) Sn1yei.s. \V.11.. U. P.Patent 2.274.749 (1942). (7) Vinkelmann, H. A , , India R i ~ h b T o~d d , 113, 799-804 (1946) R E C E I V EM D a y 0 , 1947.
EXPRESSED PEACH KERNEL OIL W. A. BUSH
.iSD
B. J. C.4G.41
3135 East 2 6 t h S t r e e t , Los iingeles 23, Culif.
U
STIL a little oyer two decades ago the so-called peach kerncl oil of coninierce (sometimes also called "oil almonds P.K.")
was obtained from apricot kernels. I n 1023, at the request of agents of the United States Department of Agriculture, the oil expressed from domestic apricot kernels \vas correctl?- named "apricot kcrnel oil" a n d is commercially kno1v-u as such today. Peach pits arc more difficult to dry and t o crack than apricot pits. The percentage of dry kernels obtained from peach pits is, in most cultural varieties, only 9 t o 11 of the whole dried pits. Frequently the percentage is even lower. This is less than half the yield from apricot pits, which is 20 to 33C, of the kcrriels, according to variety. For these reasons t r u c peach k ( ~ n o loil had seldom, if ever, been manufactured in commercial quantities. Scarcity of edible and pharmaceutical oils and a n iniprovcd commercial outlet for the by-product shells have resulted in the possibility of a n oil pressing operation on a commercial scalc. ~ In this operation 21,400 kg. of peach kernols ( ~ o n t a i n i n g 4 2 . 3 ?of oil) were pressed t o produce peach kernel oil and oil-cake meal. T h e crude oil has a yclloiv color and a strong flavor and odor of
I ) c l l x a l d t ~ h y d c c . ~ : ~ r ~ h ~ (It~ rwas i n . e a d y improved in flavor and lightctnc~din color by simple treatment r i t h an activated niontmorillonite. Thc characteristics of the treated oil are: Specific gravity, 1:' C. Refractive index, 2 5 . S C C. Saponification \ - d u e I-nsaponifiable matter, 7 Iodine number (Il-ijs) .kcid \.slue Titer, 0-c: Color i l o v i b o n d ) Flavor
0.9224 1.46990 191 4 0.65 98.1 0.67 11
25 yellow, 3 red Bland, mildly almondlike
The titer is 2 lo\vcsr t h i n the l o i n s t of the range given by Jamieson ( 2 ) . H o ~ - ( ~ vitL is ~ I\\-ithin ., the 5-13' C. range given by Hilditch (1). LITERATURE CITED
(1) Hilditrh, T. P., "Ilidustrial Chemistry of Fats a n d \Vases." 11. 119, New York, D. \-anNostrand Go., 1941. ( 2 ) Jamieson, G. 9.."1-egetable Fats and Oils," 2nd ed., 1). 173. Xew York, Reinhold Puh. Corp., 1943. RrcEIVEo October 4. 1946
