GOVER NMENT & POL ICY
FASEB AT 100 FEDERATION OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES evolves into
a leading advocate for biomedical researchers BRITT E. ERICKSON, C&EN WASHINGTON
BEST KNOWN FOR providing a voice for
the working scientist and better training and working conditions for early-career researchers, the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) is celebrating its 100th anniversary this year. Founded on New Year’s Eve of 1912 during an informal gathering at the Colonial Hotel in Cleveland, FASEB has grown from representing three biological societies to advocating for 26 of them. Advocacy has always been a part of FASEB. At the federation’s first executive meeting in 1913, officials signed a formal declaration supporting the right to perform animal experimentation. Today, the group pushes for sustained increases in federal support for basic research, elimination of overzealous security proposals, alleviation of visa restrictions, and the use of human embryonic stem cells in research. It also fights against those who want to end animal experimentation. But advocacy has not always been the primary role of FASEB. For most of its history, the federation was largely known for
its annual meeting, called the FASEB meeting. One of the reasons FASEB was created was to make it easier for its three founding societies—the American Physiological Society, American Society of Biological Chemists, and American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics— to hold their annual gatherings together at the same time. “The whole organization was focused around having this one annual meeting,” FASEB Executive Director Guy Fogleman says. “It got to be quite large, well over 20,000 attendees in the 1960s,” he notes. FASEB still manages an annual meeting, although beginning in 1993, the name of the event was changed to the Experimental Biology meeting and member societies took ownership of it. The proceedings of the FASEB meeting were published as the Federation Proceedings until the launch of the FASEB Journal in 1987. The FASEB Journal has since evolved into a relatively high impact fac-
FASEB MILESTONES 1912 FASEB is formed by representatives from the American Physiological Society, American Society of Biological Chemists, and American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics.
1913 FASEB holds its first executive committee meeting. The American Society for Investigative Pathology joins FASEB. The first formal action is to support the right and necessity to perform animal experimentation.
1914 FASEB holds its first annual meeting in Philadelphia.
1947 Milton O. Lee becomes FASEB’s first executive director. FASEB’s headquarters, with a staff of three, is established in the National Academy of Sciences building in Washington, D.C.
1937 Donald R. Hooker is appointed FASEB’s first executive secretary.
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tor journal, known for its interdisciplinary coverage of the biological field. In 2009, the monthly publication was named one of the top 100 biology journals of the past 100 years by the Special Libraries Association. FASEB also has a long history of providing services to scientific societies. In the mid-1960s, FASEB had six member societies, all of which had moved their headquarters to the federation’s 11-acre Beaumont campus in Bethesda, Md. FASEB had purchased the estate in 1954. Once the member societies were located in one place, FASEB took on the role of providing services to them. “It made sense for the societies to share services such as membership, accounting, and later on IT,” Fogleman says. FASEB still provides services to various societies, publishes a journal, and holds scientific conferences. But its primary role today is advocacy. “We are the voice of the biomedical researcher,” Fogleman says. “We are known for advocacy within the Administration and on the Hill.” FASEB’s first public affairs office opened in 1968. But the shift in the organization’s focus from administration to advocacy occurred after a retreat in Williamsburg, Va., in 1989, says Howard H. Garrison, deputy executive director for policy and director of FASEB’s Office of Public Affairs. In the late 1980s, Garrison recalls, for the first time in many years, there were periods of lean funding for the National Institutes of Health. “People’s attention began to focus on the relationship between the federal government and progress in science,” he says. At the Williamsburg retreat, “the whole nature of this federation was redesigned,”
1968 FASEB establishes its Office of Public Affairs.
1980 FASEB officials meet at the Lodge in Williamsburg, Va., to confer on the direction of FASEB during the next decade. FASEB President Gerald F. Combs presides over the retreat.
1954 FASEB purchases the 11-acre Beaumont campus in Bethesda, Md., and moves its offices into an old stone manor house.
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1982 FASEB holds its first summer research conference at the Vermont Academy in Saxtons River, Vt.
Garrison tells C&EN. A major two-part change took place: Much of the federation’s power was transferred to the societies, and FASEB began focusing its efforts on public affairs, such as advocacy for basic research. “Once that change was made, FASEB grew dramatically from representing six societies in 1989 to 26 today,” Garrison notes. FASEB is well-known for playing a major role in persuading Congress to boost the NIH budget from $13 billion in 1998 to nearly $27 billion in 2003. “In 1995, Congress was on a course to cut the NIH budget by 5–10%—an alarming, unprecedented move,” Leon E. Rosenberg, former chief scientific officer of Bristol-Myers Squibb, wrote on a blog devoted to FASEB’s centennial. Rosenberg recalled a 1995 meeting at which he and FASEB officials tried to convince then-Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich (R-Ga.) not to reduce funding for NIH. The meeting was a success. In early 1996, Congress approved a nearly 6% boost for NIH, the first in a series of increases. “I’m grateful that FASEB’s wise leadership and dedicated advocacy put us in the right room at a crucial moment,” Rosenberg wrote. FASEB views its centennial as an opportunity to reenergize the scientific community and get its member societies more involved in public affairs, Garrison says. “We are using it as a chance to mobilize scientists, to bring more people to Washington to advocate for research, and
FASEB (LEE/HOUSE /JOURNAL COV ER/MEETING), SPECIAL LIB RARIES ASSOCI ATI ON (SEAL)
1987 The FASEB Journal is launched, replacing Federation Proceedings.
1989 FASEB introduces the Women’s Excellence in Science Award & Lecture.
1991 FASEB holds its first funding consensus conference, which results in the first annual funding report for multiple federal agencies.
more than ever, to take the message from Washington back to their local communities,” he says. The federation has planned several events to celebrate its 100th anniversary. In May, FASEB plans to hold a reception on Capitol Hill in conjunction with NIH’s National Institute of General Medical Sciences, which this year is celebrating its 50th anniversary. NIGMS supports basic biomedical research and more chemistryrelated research than any other NIH institute or center. ANOTHER EVENT is planned to coincide
with the 50th anniversary of the completion of FASEB’s first major office building. Officials had put a time capsule in a cornerstone when the building was constructed in 1962, the 50th anniversary of FASEB’s founding. They plan to open the capsule at a ceremony this fall and reveal its historic contents. FASEB is asking its member societies and sponsors to contribute items to put in the time capsule, which they will reseal. The organization hasn’t decided where it will store the capsule for the next 50 years, Fogleman says. FASEB is also planning a re-creation of the signing of the agreement among the three founding societies on Dec. 31 this year in the former Colonial Hotel in Cleveland, says FASEB President Joseph C. LaManna, a professor of physiology and biophysics at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. “I’m hoping the hotel will put up a
1993 The annual FASEB meeting is renamed the Experimental Biology meeting.
2002 FASEB receives Research!America’s Award for the Organization That Has Distinguished Itself by Its Advocacy.
plaque to recognize 100 years of FASEB and the signing of the document on New Year’s Eve,” he says. The hotel is now a Residence Inn owned by Marriott. After 100 years, FASEB has evolved from an administrative organization focused on bringing scientists together for an annual meeting to an advocate for biomedical researchers. “We have a reputation now as the voice of biomedical scientists,” says FASEB President-Elect Judith S. Bond, professor and chair of biochemistry and molecular biology at Penn State. “We are called upon by Congress and by NIH and other funding agencies for data and opinions,” she says, adding that FASEB is proud to be involved in “the decision-making for the future.” “Scientists are dedicated, very busy people who simply do not have the time individually to advocate for important matters even when they believe fervently in them,” says FASEB’s immediate pastpresident William T. Talman, vice chair for basic research and a professor of neurology and neuroscience at the University of Iowa. “FASEB stands ready to serve as their advocate, to promote their involvement when that involvement can be most effective, and to identify new challenges and new issues as they arise so that the community is current with the range of opportunities or threats that face it.” ◾ 2007 FASEB receives the National Postdoctoral Association’s Distinguished Service Award in recognition of its sustained contribution to improving postdoctoral training.
1998−2003 NIH’s annual budget doubles from $13 billion to nearly $27 billion.
1989 The FASEB Board holds its second Williamsburg retreat. FASEB President William L. Dewey presides.
1995 FASEB officials meet with Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich to explain why academic basic research is vital to industry and good for the economy. The meeting creates momentum for large increases in NIH’s budget.
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2009 The Special Libraries Association names the FASEB Journal one of the 100 most influential journals in biology or medicine in the past 100 years.
2010 Membership in FASEB member societies surpasses 100,000.
