BOOKREVIEWS
6424
Vol. 82
Conway and Dobry-Duclaux. Subsequent chapters are have contributed to this work. The list of chapters and equally interesting. Very many of the almost endless com- their authors is as follows: Radioactive Neutron Sources plications that can be built into the relaxation of flowing (A. 0. Hanson); Kinematics of Neutron-Producing Resystems by awkward arrangemeits of the interconnecting actions (J. Monahan); Monoenergetic Neutron Sources: bonds are illustrated in these pages. While all flow relaxa- Reactions with Light Nuclei (J. E . Brolley, Jr., and J . L . tions must obey statistical mechanics as expressed in abso- Fowler); Monoenergetic Neutron Sources: Reactions with lute reaction rate theory, the complications in applying the Medium-Weight h’uclei (Jerry B. Marion); The Li’(p,n)theory include the usual extreme complexity of reaction Be7 Reaction ( J . H . Gibbons and Henry W. Sewson); kinetics. Whether one wants help in practical problems or Gas Recoil Counters (A. T. G. Ferguson); Recoil Detection background for his theoretical research one will find much of in Scintillators (C. D. Swartz and George E . Owen); Reinterest in these pages. This is a very useful book in a dif- coil Telescope Detectors (C. H. Johnson); Photographic ficult field and deserves to be widely read. Plate Detection (R. Stephen White); Cloud Chamber Detection (William E. Stephens and H. Staub); Flat Response GRADUATE SCHOOL Counters (W. D. Allen); h-eutron Detection by Reactions OF UTAH UNIVERSITY HENRYEYRINGInduced in Scintillators (C. 0. Muehlhause); Helium-3 SALTLAKECITY12, UTAH Seutron Spectrometers ( R . Batchelor and G. C. Morrison); Gaseous Scintillation Detectors (Charles M. Huddleston); Fission Detectors (R. W. Lamphere); Time-of-Flight Available Energy and the Second Law Analysis. By ED- Techniques (J. H . Neiler and W. M . Good); Neutron WARD A. BRUGES,B.Sc., Ph.D., A.M.I. Mech. E., Senior Flux Measurements (Joseph E . Perry, Jr.); RadioactivaLecturer in Mechanical Engineering, University of Glas- tion Methods of Determining Neutron Flux (Paul R . gow. Academic Press Inc., 111 Fifth Avenue, New York Byerly, Jr.); Targets for the Production of Neutrons (J. H. 124 pp. 14 X 22 cm. Price, Coon); Neutron Collimation and Shielding for Experimen3, hi. Y. 1959. viii $5.50. tal Purposes (Alexander Langsdorf, Jr .); Laboratory ShieldBy virtue of the second law of thermodynamics, the energy ing (C. F. Cook and T. R. Strayhorn); Fast Neutron of a thermodynamic system can never be completely con- Dosimetry (G. S. Hurst); Fast h-eutron Radiation Hazards verted into useful work performed on the surroundings. (William T. Ham, Jr.); Computer Techniques (Harvey J. If the system is a t the same temperature and pressure as the Amster, Edward J. Leshan and Martin Walt). This book in the main is well written, clear, concise and surroundings, the maximum useful work available is equal very readable. It has also been well edited. This reto the change in the Gibbs free energy: AG = AE - TAS viewer would have preferred t o see the references as footPA V . In the more general case when the system (at T and P ) is contained in an indefinitely large reservoir whose tem- notes on each page rather than have them a t the end of each perature and pressure are TOand PO,the maximum work chapter; however, this is a minor inconvenience t o which obtainable from the interaction of system and surroundings readers are becoming accustomed. “Fast Neutron Physics” will be a welcome addition to is the “available energy,” AE - ToAS PoA V . This concept, first outlined by Gibbs and developed by a the libraries of all scientists interested in fast neutron number of writers since, is manifestly of great importance technology. to mechanical engineers, of lesser importance to chemical DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY engineers, and of still less importance t o research chemists. THEJOHNS HOPKINSUNIVERSITY WALTERS. KOSKI In this small monograph, the author devotes the first two BALTIMORE 18, MARYLAND chapters to a brief and fairly clear review of the first and second laws of thermodynamics (but the concept of heat is never adequately defined, and a careless error has crept into the development of the thermodynamic temperature a t the Nomenclature of Chemical Compounds. Edited by Coordination Committee of Documentation and Library bottom of page 19). Chapters I11 and IV develop the ideas Services, Committee on Nomenclature, and Editorial of available energy and irreversibility. Eight chapters of Board of the Journal of Japanese Chemistry. KENZO applications follow, the last two dealing briefly with chemical U. MIZOGUCHI, and YUICHIYAMAHIRAYAMA, DOROTHY changes. Engineers may find in this book a useful summary MOTO,Editors-in-Charge. n’ankodo, 23-3, Haruki-cho, of problems of thermodynamic design, but little insight into 394 pp. Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. March, 1960. xii chemical thermodynamics is offered. (In fairness to the 18 X 25.5 cm. Price, yen 750. author, it must be said that the book is written for mechanical engineers, and no service to chemistry is claimed. j Japanese chemists commonly use the English alphabet and spellings in the reproduction of the names of chemical comDEPARTMENT O F CHEMISTRY UNIVERSITYOF CALIFORXIA ROBERT L.SCOTT pounds. Many take an active interest in the careful use of good nomenclature. To this end the Japanese Standing LOS ANGELES 24, CALIFORNIA Committee on Somenclature several years ago sought permission to translate into Japanese the various chemical reports and pamphlets distributed by the Fast Neutron Physics. Part I : Techniques. Edited by nomenclature Committee on hTomenclature, Spelling and Pronunciation of J. B. MARION,Department of Physics, University of the Chemical Society and to publish them in transMaryland, College Park, Maryland, and J. L. FOWLER, latedAmerican form. With a green light from America and with the Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak cooperation of the Japanese Ministry of Education and the Ridge, Tenn. Interscience Publishers, Inc., 250 Fifth UNESCO Office in Tokyo these steps were taken, except Avenue, New York, N. Y . xiv 983 pp. 16 X 2 3 . 5 cm. that the names themselves were not changed. The Japanese Price, $29.00, version of these various pamphlets appeared in 1954 in the “Fast Neutron Physics” consists of five sections. The form of a 250-page paper-bound book. In 1957, a 368-page first four sections are included in Part I and section V will book was published which contained additional material, compose Part I1 which will be published in the future. such as the 1951 rules of the Commissions of the InterThis volume is devoted to experimental techniques used in national Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (the IUPAC neutron studies covering the range from 1 kev. t o several rules), and signed discussions, as in sections on High Polyhundred iMev. The bulk of the material, however, per- mers and Labeled Compounds (cf. review, THISJOURNAL, 79, tains t o energies below 40 MeV. The emphasis of the 5328 (1957)). volume is on monoenergetic neutrons and their interactions In the book now being reviewed, the 1957 IUP=1C rules with nuclei; however, polyenergetic sources also are dis- are included. The 1951 IUPAC rules are repeated, except cussed. for those parts which have been changed and included by the “Fast Neutron Physics” is meant t o be a reference book. IUPAC in its 1957 rules. Included in the 1957 rules are It is written so that each chapter is more or less complete reports on hydrocarbons, fundamental heterocyclic systems, in itself. This makes a certain amount of duplication inorganic compounds and steroids. The 1955 and 1957 necessary; however, the editors have done an excellent job IUPAC recommendations on vitamins are included. in minimizing unnecessary repetition of material. There A Trilingual List of Names for Inorganic Compounds, etc. are numerous cross references t o other chapters as well as to (occupying 21 pages), is included. The compounds are the original literature. Sixty-two authors, which represents arranged according to the numbers of the IUPAC rules a considerablc amount of competence in fast neutron physics, which are applicable, and are listed by formulas, followed
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