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Three-Dimensional Macroporous Carbon/Fe3O4-Doped Porous Carbon Nanorods for High-Performance Supercapacitor Li Wang, Jie Yu, Xuantong Dong, Xia Li, Yingzhen Xie, Shouhui Chen, Ping Li, Haoqing Hou, and Yonghai Song ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/ acssuschemeng.5b01474 • Publication Date (Web): 01 Feb 2016 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on February 1, 2016
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
Three-Dimensional Macroporous Carbon/Fe3O4-Doped Porous Carbon Nanorods for High-Performance Supercapacitor Li Wang, Jie Yu, Xuantong Dong, Xia Li, Yingzhen Xie, Shouhui Chen, Ping Li, Haoqing Hou and Yonghai Song*
Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China.
*Corresponding author: Tel/Fax: +86-791-88120862. E- mail:
[email protected] (Y. H. Song).
ABSTRACT Supercapacitors are considered as potential innovation for energy storage owing to their long charge-discharge life and high power density. Herein, a simple and industry-scalable approach was developed to prepare the hybrid of Fe3O4-doped porous carbon nanorods (Fe3O4-DCN) supported by three-dimensional (3D) kenaf stem-derived macroporous carbon (KSPC) for high-performance supercapacitor, which was prepared via pyrolyzing the iron fumarate metal organic frameworks (MIL-88A, MIL stands for Materials from Institut Lavoisier)/3D-KSPC. The resulted 3D1 ACS Paragon Plus Environment
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KSPC/Fe3O4-DCN nanocomposites were carefully characterized by various techniques including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The 3D-KSPC/Fe3O4-DCN were employed as a promising electrode materials of supercapacitors by combining the advantage of Fe3O4-DCN (e.g. high specific capacitance, good rate capability and excellent cycling stability) with the superiority of 3D-KSPC (e.g. large specific surface area and hierarchical pores and high conductivity), exhibiting a high specific capacitance of 285.4 F g-1 at the current density of 1 A g-1. The capacitance was kept at 220.5 F g-1 after 5000 cycles at 2 A g-1, indicating outstanding cycle performance. This work might provide a new strategy to prepare nanostructures on 3D-KSPC for future applications.
KEYWORDS: Kenaf stem; Porous carbon; Supercapacitor; Fe3O4; MIL-88A
INTRODUCTION With the growing demand of global economy, the consumption of coal and oil and the increasing environmental pollution, clean energy and novel energy storage device are becoming more and more important.1-4 Batteries have been extensively studied as one of the energy conversion and storage device.5,6 However, poor cycle life and slow rate of charging/discharging are still their unavoidable fatal flaws.7,8 Another field with great potential is supercapacitor, which is also referred as electrochemical capacitor/supercapacitor. Supercapacitor has received increasing interests due to
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its high power density, fast delivery rate and long cycle life, which bridges the gap between conventional capacitors and batteries.9-12 Currently, carbon is widely used to make the electrodes of commercial supercapacitor due to its low price and good resistance to corrosion. The supercapacitors made of carbon are operated under the electronic double layer capacitor (EDLC) and possess good cycle stability as well as long life because no chemical reaction occurs in the charge/discharge process. Unfortunately, the capacitance of the EDLC supercapacitors is only 0.15–0.4 F m-2 or 150 F g-1.13,14 The energy density of commercially available carbon-based EDLC supercapacitor is usually 3-5 W h kg-1. Much effort has been dedicated to construct supercapacitor using nanostructured transition metal oxides, such as Fe3O4,15 Co3O4,16,17 NiO,18,19 NiCo2O4,20 RuO2,21 MnO2,22,23 etc. Among them, iron oxides (FeOx) have recently received great attention owing to their low cost, environmental friendliness and high theoretical capacity,24-26 and accordingly they have been extensively investigated as the electrode materials for supercapacitor.27 However, FeOx electrodes just provide a low capacitance (
