14 Field-Flow Fractionation Promising Approach for the Separation and Characterization of Macromolecules
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J. C A L V I N G I D D I N G S , K A T H Y A. G R A F F , KARIN D . C A L D W E L L , and MARCUS N. MYERS University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, Salt Lake City, U T 84112
Field-flow
fractionation
(FFF) technology
to the characterization cules and particulate
and separation
is
of
applicable macromole-
species over an effective
weight range of 103—1018. Separations
molecular
take place in an
open flow channel over which a field is applied dicular
to the flow.
subtechniques, methacrylate, perature Other
by
utilizing field
applied
subtechniques
use
diameters, flexibility techniques,
respectively.
electrical,
to
flow.
sedimentamacromolecules
of and
from first
variety
charges, masses, and Stokes FFF
include
programming
minimal adverse effects due
and shear degradation,
ity in many cases to characterize calculation
FFF poly-
in a tem-
perpendicular
Advantages
high resolution,
in a
diffusion
due to the variety of fields
to surface interactions
to
polymethyl
polymers
to separate
to their electrical
perpen-
of the
applicable
thermal
tion, and cross-flow fields according
one
polytetrahydrofuran,
and polyethylene
gradient
FFF
FFF,
has been shown
styrene, polyisoprene, of solvents
Thermal
and abil-
macromolecules
by
principles.
F I E L D - F L O W F R A C T I O N A T I O N ( F F F ) is the g e n e r a l n a m e of a f a m i l y of separation t e c h n i q u e s that use f i e l d s or g r a d i e n t s that c a n interact w i t h solute m a c r o m o l e c u l e s to force t h e m d i f f e r e n t i a l l y i n t o t h e s l o w streamlines of a
flowing
fluid
(I). S e p a r a t i o n s take p l a c e i n t h i n , o p e n
channels of rectangular cross-section u n d e r conditions of flow.
A
field
laminar
i s a p p l i e d p e r p e n d i c u l a r l y t o t h e f a c e o f t h e c h a n n e l so
that solutes form n a r r o w layers against the c h a n n e l w a l l b a s e d o n their f i e l d - i n d u c e d v e l o c i t y a n d t h e c o u n t e r a c t i n g a b i l i t y to d i f f u s e a w a y f r o m t h e c h a n n e l w a l l (see F i g u r e 1). T h e r a t e o f e l u t i o n o f t h e l a y e r s i s 0065-2393/83/0203-0257$06.00/0 © 1983 A m e r i c a n C h e m i c a l Society
Craver; Polymer Characterization Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1983.
Craver; Polymer Characterization Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1983. Zone A
Parabolic flow profile
ZMUC
Zone ΒΟ
3&1
ο ο o.S
CROSS-FLOW VECTOR
DETAIL
/
Figure 1. Scheme of the relationship of FFF flow channel tails of flow profile and macromolecular
CHANNEL FLOW VECTORS
CHANNEL FLOW IN
F L O W PROFILE IN C H A N N E L
de
CHANNEL FLOW OUT
to applied field (top) and approximate distribution (bottom).
FIELD
Downloaded by UNIV OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO on January 31, 2017 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: June 1, 1983 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1983-0203.ch014
δ 2
Η
Ν >
Μ S
η Η
ο >
g
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