Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings Downloaded from pubs.acs.org by 5.101.221.58 on 11/23/18. For personal use only.
Preface N E W C O A T I N G S T E C H N O L O G I E S such as high solids, powder, waterborne, and radiation-curable coatings have been developed during the past 15 years to meet the challenges of (a) governmental regulations in the area of ecology (emission of volatile organic compounds), (b) longterm increasing costs of energy and petroleum-based solvents, (c) moreactive public consumerism, and (d) the continual need for cost-effective, high-performance coatings in a highly competitive and global business environment. These new coatings technologies require the use of water as the major solvent with water-soluble or high-molecular-weight latex polymers or the use of strategically designed, low-molecular-weight polymers, oligomers, and reactive additives that, when further reacted, produce high-molecular-weight and cross-linked polymers. This has led to a need for improved methods of materials characterization in diverse areas such as molecular-weight distribution analysis, particle-size distribution assessment and characterization, rheology of coatings,film-formationand cure-process characterization, morphological characterization, and spectroscopic analysis, as well as a need for improved methods for modeling and predicting materials properties and processes. Thefilm-formationprocess is key to the development of the ultimate physical and chemical properties of waterborne systems and the consequent end-use properties. Thus, commercially successful, cost-effective waterborne coating products require practical application of the knowledge that underpins our understanding of thefilm-formationprocess. In recent years significant advances have been made in our knowledge and understanding of thefilm-formationprocess. This book covers significant advances recently made in our understanding of the film-formation process. These advances have been brought about by collateral advances in instrumentation technology and its application to studying the stages involved in thefilm-formationprocess. Data obtained from the instrumental methods have allowed the confirmation of some aspects of the mechanism of film formation and have furthered the understanding of the subtleties and complexities of commercially relevant waterborne coatings. Thefirstsection of this book focuses on the mechanism of film formation and the uses of advanced instrumental methods such as fluorescence spectroscopy, small-angle neutron scattering, and dielectric spectroscopy to study the film-formation process. The second section of the book focuses on measuring film
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mechanical properties and relating them to thefilm-formationprocess. The third section focuses on relevant morphology and film structure, which is a consequence of the physics and chemistry of the film-formation process. The fourth section focuses on the application of novel chemistry and processes to develop unique film structures for a variety of coating systems. We hope this book will encourage and foster additional investigations to further our understanding of the commercially relevant and scientifically challenging issue of film formation in waterborne coatings. Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the authors for their effective oral and written communications and to the reviewers for their critiques and constructive comments. We also gratefully acknowledge the American Chemical Society Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, Inc., for its financial support of the symposium on which this book is based, which was presented at the 210th National Meeting of the ACS in Chicago, Illinois, August 20-25, 1995. THEODORE PROVDER Strongsville Research Center ICI Paints 16651 Sprague Road Strongsville, OH 44136-1739 MITCHELL A. WINNIK Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 Canada MAREK W. URBAN Department of Polymers and Coatings North Dakota State University Fargo, ND 58105 July 22, 1996
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