Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 1845–1854
Formation of Pesticide Nonextractable (Bound) Residues in Soil: Magnitude, Controlling Factors and Reversibility E N R I Q U E B A R R I U S O , * ,† P I E R R E B E N O I T , † A N D IGOR G. DUBUS‡ INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique)-AgroParisTech, Environment and Arable Crops, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France, and BRGM (Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières), Water Division, PO Box 36009, 45062 Orléans, France
Received August 29, 2007. Revised manuscript received December 8, 2007. Accepted December 17, 2007.
The analysis of the coherent data on nonextractable (bound) residues (NER) from the literature and EU pesticide registration dossiers allows the identification of general trends, in spite of the large variability and heterogeneity of data. About 50% of the pesticides reviewed exhibit a low proportion of NER (less than 30% of the initial amount) while only 12% of pesticides have a proportion of NER exceeding 70%. The lowest proportion of NER was found for dinitroanilines (
