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Functional Nanostructured Materials (including low-D carbon)
Functionalized N-doped Carbon Nanotube Arrays: Novel Binder-free Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries Dong Xie, Junshen Zhang, Guoxiang Pan, Honggao Li, Shilei Xie, Shoushan Wang, Hongbo Fan, Faliang Cheng, and Xinhui Xia ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05667 • Publication Date (Web): 03 May 2019 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on May 3, 2019
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Functionalized N-doped Carbon Nanotube Arrays: Novel Binder-free Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries Dong Xiea*, Junshen Zhanga, Guoxiang Panb, Honggao Lia, Shilei Xiea, Shoushan Wanga, Hongbo Fana, Faliang Chenga* and Xinhui Xiac* a Guangdong
Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of
Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China. b Department
cState
of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications
for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China Corresponding author. *Email:
[email protected] (D. Xie);
[email protected] (F. Cheng);
[email protected] (X. Xia)
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Abstract Boosting electrochemical sodium storage properties is achieved by utilizing functionalized N-doped carbon nanotube arrays (NCNAs) as anode materials. The NCNAs anodes are firstly fabricated by self-polymerization of dopamine on cobalt hydroxide nanorods arrays as template. The NCNAs with diameters of 100-120 nm are grown vertically to Ni foam forming self-supported nanotube arrays. Such structure has attractive advantages including large porosity & surface area, good electrical conductivity & mechanical strength. Consequently, the NCNAs are demonstrated with excellent sodium storage performances with high capacity (335 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1), good rate capability (140 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1) and superior capacity retention of 90.9 % after 500 cycles. Especially, high performance is verified in the assembled full cells by using NCNAs anode and Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode. The developed synthetic strategy provides an effective approach for fabrication of advanced heteroatom-doped carbon-based electrodes for electrochemical energy storage.
Keywords: Carbon nanotube arrays; Sodium ion battery; N-doping; Anodes; Full cell
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
1. INTRODUCTION The sustainable development of human society rests heavily on the shoulders of green energy storage technology
1-4.
The development of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are synonymous with the
green energy revolution, but the spiralling cost of lithium is driving research into high-efficiency and low-cost alternatives
5-8.
One of the potential candidates is sodium ion batteries (SIBs), which use
sodium ion instead of lithium ion as the charge carrier
9-11.
SIBs are attracting great attention due to
interesting characteristics of high working voltage, environmental friendliness and high performanceto-price ratio due to the abundance and low cost of sodium
11-16.
Despite these advantages, SIBs still
face many problems for practical application, such as low capacity, low initial Coulombic efficiency and poor cycled stability. Though sodium has similar physicochemical properties to lithium, its ionic radius is greater than lithium ion 17, resulting that most electrode materials in LIBs application are not suitable for SIBs. Therefore, it requires the design & fabrication of new advanced electrode materials to meet its specific requirements. Nowadays, high-performance anode materials are still the research focus for SIBs. It is known that commercial graphite materials are not suitable to be used as anodes owing to limited layer spacing 1820.
Although other kinds of anode materials (e.g. metal oxides 21, metal sulfides 22-23 and Sn and alloys
20)
are widely developed, they suffer from fast capacity decay and high potentials (vs. Na/Na+),
leading to lower working voltage of full cell and decreased energy/power density when they are coupled with cathode materials 20, 24. Given this situation, carbon materials are still the first choice for anode materials of SIBs due to their cost-effectiveness and low potential
22, 25.
Currently, soft carbon
(SC) and hard carbon (HC) are widely studied as anode of SIBs 26. But the capacity of SC anodes is not high (
