Article pubs.acs.org/EF
Cite This: Energy Fuels 2019, 33, 5024−5034
Functionalized Tetrapodal ZnO Membranes Exhibiting Superoleophobic and Superhydrophilic Character for Water/Oil Separation Based on Differential Wettability Aayushi Bajpayee,†,‡ Theodore E. G. Alivio,†,‡ Patrick McKay,§ and Sarbajit Banerjee*,†,‡ †
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States § Cenovus Energy Inc., 500 Centre St. SE, Calgary, Alberta T2P 0M5, Canada Downloaded via UNIV OF SOUTHERN INDIANA on July 29, 2019 at 08:40:55 (UTC). See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles.
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S Supporting Information *
ABSTRACT: Achieving the efficacious and rapid separation of mixed water/oil streams has emerged as a fundamental imperative in order to facilitate extraction of fossil fuels by methods such as cyclic steam stimulation as well as to mitigate the potentially calamitous impact of oil spills in natural aquatic environments. Here, we demonstrate functionalized ZnO nanotetrapodal membranes combining the micrometer-scale texturation of underlying stainless steel meshes with the nanoscale texturation of an enmeshed interconnected porous network of ZnO tetrapods, the conformal adhesion afforded by an amorphous silica layer, and the low surface energy of surface-deposited perfluorinated sulfonate layers. The membranes exhibit pronounced differential wettability and selectively permeate water whilst retaining oil. The multivariate design space of the architectures has been evaluated to determine the mesh size and ZnO loading that yield the highest separation efficiencies. Oil content in recovered water is reduced to
