Subject Index
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B Dr. Thomas Beddoes (1760−1808), 107f Pneumatic Institution at Bristol, 106 Julian Bigelow, 192f Joseph Black career as academic chemist, 37 characterisation of ‘fixed air’ (carbon dioxide), 33 complicated series of manoeuvrings of academic posts, 38 developing industrialization of Scotland, 39 Edinburgh University Library, 42 Glasgow career, 37 good specimen of clean aerated barytes, 42 health, 45 institutional and social life of Glasgow, 37 London visit, 44 Lord Dundonald’s tar manufactory, 40 major sulfuric acid works, 40 nature of alkaline substances, 36 professional lifetime, 33 subject of bleaching, 40 summary, 45 teaching at Edinburgh University, 35f work as part-time physician, 41 Lucrezia Borgia, 61 arsenic poisoning, 65 arsenic works, 64 biochemistry of arsenic, 66 cantharadin, 66f time-release formulations, 66 Max Born, 177f André Brouillet, Une leçon clinique à la Salpêtriére (1887), 138f Stephen (István) Brunauer, U.S. Navy uniform, 197f Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, 9f, 14f beryllium, analysis, 17 canonization, 27 caricatures, 12 chemical character, 7 collaboration with Kirchhoff, 22 commercial version of Bunsen’s carbon cell, 20f famous improvements in chemical apparatus, 20t former students, 23 Norton’s handwritten notes, 25f
gasometric analysis, 16 grave, 29f group photo Kirchhoff, Bunsen, and Roscoe, 11f Kirchhoff and Bunsen, 12f Heidelberg period, 14f inventions, 19 modern caricature, 15f new laboratory at Heidelberg, 1855, 18f official residence, 18f in old age, 19f with his hallmark cigar, 23f original burner of 1857, 21f period caricature, 13f spectroscope, 22f Springer sweet roll endowment, 27 statue of Bunsen, 28f work habits, 15 Bunseniana
C Wallace Hume Carothers (1896–1937), 213f Sir William Crookes, 73 age 18, 77f in 1903, 75f balance’s repulsion, medium’s mysterious powers, 85 best known for work in photography, 79f bookplate, 89f business man, 88 chemical characters, 74 chemical consultant and analytical chemist, 81 Chemical News, 94 chemistry laboratory, 87f contributions to photography, 78 editor, printer, and publisher, 80 electrician, 87 elements, chemical properties, 92 Florence Cook’s claims, 84 grand old man of chemical physics, 91 holding a radium sample, 96f light mill or radiometer construction, 85 modern science witnesses, 84 page from chemical news, 90f photographic chemist, 76 Prout’s hypothesis, 91 psychic force, 83
227 In Characters in Chemistry: A Celebration of the Humanity of Chemistry; Patterson, G., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.
F
radiometer, 86f Royal Society, 97f the sage, 88 spectroscopist, 81 spiritualist, 82 three-dimensional spiral periodic table, 93f year at Oxford, 78 William Cullen, 35 Marie Curie and the Queen of Hysterics, 137
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D John Dalton and his social context, 49 in 1814, 51f atomic theory, Elements of Chemical Philosophy, 55 bachelor lifestyle, 54 earliest biography by George Wilson, 57 experience at Royal Institution, 52 laboratory journal, 52 new theory of gases, 53 in old age, 56f putative atomistic predecessors, 55 Royal Institution lectures in 1809−1810, 54 Royal Medal, 55 society of friends, 52 Sir Humphry Davy (1778–1829), 102f at age 24, Royal Institution, 122f apprenticeship and chemical beginnings, 105 tuberculosis cure, 108 early years, 103 investigate effects of gas, 112 new discoveries in pneumaticks, 117f nitrous gas, 111 danger of experiment, 112 nitrous oxide, 110 concentration and doses, 114 pneumatic investigations, 101 pneumatic investigations of other gases, 118 public response and applications, 115 Researches, Chemical and Philosophical, title page, 116f Royal Institution, 121 and change in direction, 120 thermal decomposition of ammonium carbonate, 119 work on electricity, 121
Paul John Flory (1910−1985) Stanford office, 218f humanitarian, 217 industrial growth and development, 212 Mellon Institute for Industrial Research in Pittsburgh, 214 physical chemist and humanitarian, 211 polymer science, 213 Stanford years, 216 University of Manchester, 214 world stage, 213 Thomas G Fox (1921−1977), 215f Fiction, historical chemists alchemist, 129 biographical fiction The Brothers Carburi, outline map of Europe, 136f Three Farflung Brothers, 134 Three Sisters and Three Chemists, 134 imaginative historical fiction renewable fuel from the desert, 138 winner of first retro-nobel prize, 140 Lab Lit, 131 psychological biographical fiction A Chemist as Spy, 136 realistic portrayals of scientists, 131
G Geoffrey Gee FRS (1910−1996), 215f Herman Goldstein, 192f
H Humanity of chemistry biographical approach, 4 historical approach, 3 open-minded investigators, 3 social historians and sociologists, 5 Humanizing science, 1
J Hermann A. Jahn (1907–1979) in early 1930s, 200f
228 In Characters in Chemistry: A Celebration of the Humanity of Chemistry; Patterson, G., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.
K
R
Theodore von Kármán, 174 at graduation time, 170f lecturing, 175f William Krigbaum, 214f Kazan School of Chemistry development, leading figures, 148f
William Ramsay, discovery of argon, 95 John Robison, 34, 42 George Rosenkranz at Chemical Heritage Foundation, 206f full-range chemical character, 205 interview, 208 life in Zurich, 207 treatment of venereal disease, 208 Rudolf Renner (1909-1991), 199f Professor Leopold Ruzicka, 207
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L Antoine Lavoiser’s Traité élémentaire de chimie, first volume title page, 106f Lavoisier’s proposals, role of oxygen in combustion and respiration, 39
M Frank J. Malina, 176f Leo Mandelkern, 214f Map of Bristol, 109f Map of Cornwall, England, 104f Martian chemists and characters, 167 label, impression, 169 Shelter Island meeting of theoretical physicists, participants, 194f Nikolai Aleksandrovich Menshutkin, 151f Robert Mulliken and wife, 198f
S Caterina Sforza, 63 Leo Szilard, 178 and Alfred Hershey, 183f chain reactions, 181 and Odd Hassel and Lars Onsager, 179f doctoral dissertation, 180 Fðreálgimnázium of District VI, 169 German nuclear weapon, 182 at graduation time, 171f and Jonas Salk, 184f with Laura Polanyi and others, 184f nuclear fission in uranium, 182 refugee, 181 Alfred Springer, 26f Synthesis of alcohols, organozinc reagents, 149f
N Thomas Herbert Norton, 24f Isaac Newton, mad alchemist and currency cop, 139
T Edward Teller, 195 Jahn−Teller effect, illustration, 199f Theoretical physics meeting, 193f
O Ralph Edward Oesper, 2f, 8f Robert Oppenheimer, 192f
P William H. Pickering, 176f John C. Polanyi, Michael Polanyi, 189f Popov’s Rule, oxidation of ketones, 152f Joseph Priestley, 132 Priestley’s methods, 111 Annabal Scratch, 133f
V Yegor Yegorovich Vagner (1849−1903) the character child, 160 flamboyant professor at a conference, 162 new professor and workaholic, 161 teacher−thespian, 161 young man, 161 contributions on pinene, 157 correct structure of pinene, deduction, 159f
229 In Characters in Chemistry: A Celebration of the Humanity of Chemistry; Patterson, G., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.
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family origins early schooling, 147 East Prussia, 144 Vagner as a student at Kazan University, 146f August Wagner, 145 family tree, 145f Kazan Imperial University ca. 1832, 147f ketone oxidation by chromic acid, 152f oxidation of alkenes with dilute basic potassium permanganate, 154f proposed structures for pinene, 158f seminal discoveries, cyclic and bicyclic monoterpenes, 156 structures proposed for a-pinene, 157f synthesis of unsymmetrical secondary alcohols, 150f title page of Vagner’s Dr. Khim. dissertation, 155f title page of Vagner’s M. Khim. dissertation, 153f university student Kazan, 147 Novo-Aleksandriya Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, 151f, 152 St. Petersburg, 150 Warsaw Imperial University, 153
Warsaw Technological Institute and terpenes, 155 Wagner−Meerwein rearrangement, 159, 160f John von Neumann, 191, 192f at graduation time, 172f receiving Medal of Freedom, 194f
W White House ceremony in 1962, 196f White House reception, 196f Eugene P. Wigner, 185f, 189f American atomic bombs, 188 diploma in chemistry, 186 doctorate in chemistry, 186 at graduation time, 171f and István Hargittai, 187f Nobel Prize in Physics, 188 photograph of Albert Einstein, 190f theoretical physics, 188 opposition of students protesting against Vietnam War, 190f press conference, 185f workers of the Budapest tannery, 187f
230 In Characters in Chemistry: A Celebration of the Humanity of Chemistry; Patterson, G., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.
