BOOK
REVIEWS
Why Do Chemical Reactions Occur?
J . A~thur Campbell, Hramey Mudd College, Claremont, California. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1965. viii 117 pp. Figd. and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. Clothhound, $1.50; paperbound, $1.50.
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I n this monograph Dr. Campbell gives an excellent presentlttion of kinetics and chemical equilibrium. One of the strong features is his development of the concept of entropy both in a qualitative and semiquantitative manner. He avoids the heat engine approach in the subject, which the chemistry student often faik to grasp. Instead, he clarifies the concept by considering the randomness of molecular edlisions. The energetics of bond strength is developed from a discussion of rotational and vibrational spectra. Toward the end of the hook are outlined the criteria. which aid one in predicting separately the effect of entropy and enthalpy in a chemical process. The hook is unique in that i t allows the student to gain a n early mastery of using hoth of these concepts to estimate the magnitude and sign of the free energy function. A number of additional concepts are developed and used throughout the manograph. These include the MaxwellBoltzmmn predictions for distribution of moleculm velozzities, activation energies, catalysis, and the effect of temperature on rate and equilibrium. Dr. Campbell has the facility to intertwine these subjects along with kinetics, entropy, snd enthalpy
into the logical discussion throughout. 1,) the early part of the hook he convincingly breaks down the distinction of physieel and chemical change and substitutes n discussion of strong and week interatomic bonds. The "Bhe Bottle Exneriment" THIS
students 'the opportunity to perfo&n this experiment prior to their purchase or perusal of the monograph. Reference to the experiment is made throughout the hook. The amount of chemical information which can be obtained from the experiment is amazing. This treatment is an excellent illustration of the use of the experimental approach in science. A series of challenging questions is included a t the end of each chapter. The majority of these questions are of a discussion type. I t is ~articularlyhelpful to the student to read hoth the binL3 and the detailed answers to the questions which are given a t the end of the hook. This reviewer has found the monograph useful as one of the texts in an NSF sponsored summer institute for high school teachers of Advanced Placement ehemistry. Any high school or college teacher of chemistry who wishes to sharpen his presentation of kinetics and entropy will benefit, by this clear qualitative presentntion.
Garth L. Lee and Hawis 0. Van Orden, General Chemistry: Inorganic snd Organic Antoine Lavoisier, Elements of Chemistry William E. Millel and Joseph A . Ihbor, General Chemistry H m n n Hartmann, Die Chemische Bindung: Drei Vorlesnngen fiir Chemiker R m l d Rich, Periodic Correlations Vladimtr BaGant, el al., Organmilicon Compounds. Volume 1 and Volume 2. Parts 1 and 2 E. H . E. Pietseh and the Gmelin Institute, editors, Gmelins Handhuch der Anorganischen Chemie. S. Auflage, System, Number 16, Phosphor. Teil C, Die Verbindungen des Phosphors Frank Bescia. John Arents, Herbert Meislieh and Amos Turk,Fundamentals of Chemistry: A Modern Introduction Wallace S . Brey, Jr., Physical Methods far Determining Molecular Geometry Maz E. Rafelsa. Jr.. and S!eohen B. Bznklev, Basic Biochemistry Volumes 1 and 2 A l t a ~ e i s i e rBhchemistry , of the Amino A&. William C . Reynolds, Thermodynamics E. H. E. Pietsch and the Gmelin Institute, editors, Gmelins Handhuch der Anorganischen Cbemie. 8. AuEsge, System Pr'ummer 57, Nickel, Teil B, Liefernng 1, Die Legierungen des Nickels Anthay Slanden, executive editor, Encylopedia of Chemical Technology. Valume 6, Complexing Agents to Dextrose and Starch Syrups Richard H. Kroek and Merrill L. Ebner. Ceramics. Plastics, and MetaL? J. Gillis, Leo Hendrik Baekeland Kurt Mislow, Introduction to Stereochemistry George T. Rado and Harry Suhl, editors, Magnetism. Volume 2A Volumes in Continuing Series
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Journol o f Chemicol Educotion
EUGENE C. JEKEL Hope College Holland, Michigan
General Chemistry: Inorganic and Organic
-Reviewed in This Issue J . Avthur Campbell, Why Do Chemical Reactions Occur?
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Study) course as well as a supplement in a firsbyear college course in chemktry. This excellent treatment of subject matter is nseful in givina the students a aualitative undersGndiLg before proceeding to a. more mathematical approach. Becauseof its necessary brevity the hook leaves the student with the desire to delve more deeply into the study of themodynamics and kinetics.
Garlh L. Lee and Hawig 0 . Van O~den, hoth of Utah State University, Logan. 2nd ed. W. B. Saunders Co., Phila679 pp. Figs. and delphia, 1965. ix tables. 16 X 24 cm. $8.
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The subtitle of this second edition reveda the important position given to organic chemistry. Approximately onethird of the book is devoted to organic including a chapter on biochemistry not found in the first edition. The authors point out in the preface that the revision involves correction, modernization, and addition. The sddition includes two new chapters other than the one on hiochemistrj-, Colloids and The Nucleus and Chemistry. llodernization involvei inclusion of a. .seetion on xenon compounds, a treatment of sigma and pi bonding, and the introduction of modern atomic orbital notation. .4s in the earlier edition the style is clear and explanatory material adequate. Type problems are abundant-there are no less than 11 sample problems worked out in Chapter 10, The blalecular Theory. The excellent illustrations by Larry Elsner which appeared in the first edition have been supplemented by many new illustrations prepared by Richard E. Bird. I t is the opinion of this reviewer that the test would be more than adequate in the first year course as given in most colleges. It would probably not meet the needs of select groups such as advanced placement students. The text is truly "general" chemistry and not a text book of elementary physical chemistry as are some of the newer texts. I n one such text, recently examined by this reviewer, the wards fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine did not appear in the index although there was a thorough treatment of the Carnot cycle. Conversely the word "thermodynamics" does not appear in the index of Lee and Van Orden, nor do the words "entropy" or "free energy." The organic portion would be quite satisfactory for a. third-quarter freshman course such as is often required far agriculture, home economics, and nursing students. Here the three dimensional views of organic molecules are excellent. The treatment of optical isomerism is clear and concise. Chapter 20 on Multiple Carbon to Carbon Bonds gives a rather
comprehensive treatment of sigma and pi bonds and hyhrid orbitals. On the whole the new edition of Lee and Van Orden appears to be thorough and "teachable."
the translator, as well as bibliographicdinThe basis for Professor Hartmanns' formation about the various English editreatment of the subject is a series of three lectures given a t Frankfurt in 1955 and tions. His style is clear and concise, and published as a first edition. The favorreading the Introduction will set the stage able reception of this edition prompted the for a thorough enjoyment and nndersecond in 1963 with the same theme, and, standing of the text. A study of the whole CARL- R.MELoY .. as the author states, "essentidlv unv o l n m e ~ o n l dfurnish s a t i s f a a n in folGrand Valley BtateLT6uKge lowine at first hand the thinkins of one of chanced" from the 1955 edition. In Allendale, Michigan l h ~ g r e a lt c ~ ~ ~ l l l i o n iltof . a ~only r , in rhc hiactuality, there are changes and others t u n of rhrrni.tr), but i n rhe ltisrory of could have been profitably incorporated, science. especially in the f i s t lecture. The m a t h e The Dover Press is to be conpratulated matical rigor has been balanced with in making available this fine edition of simplifications leading to "nnderstandLavoisier's "Elements of Chemistry" a t a ing." The reader who wishes to go Elements of Chemistry deeper into the subject is advised to conprice low enough so that it can be pursult other and more comprehemive treatchased by most scholars and students. Antoine Lavoisier. Translated by Robert ments by the same author. Kew, with a new intraduct,ion by The primary modifications from the Douglas McKie, University College, &st edition are: expansion and revision London. Dover Puhlicat,ions, Inc., New York of the Hiickel r electron concepts, a short New York, 1965. m i 1 511 pp. treatment of ligand field theory, and an Figs. and tables. 14 X 21.5 cm. elaboration of the H u m e h t h e r y rules Paperbound. $3. in the discussion of the metallic bond. To most readers of THIS JOURNAL, the The 61st lecture initiates structure by importance of Lmoisier:s "Elements of estahlishing the nature and behavior Chemistry" (Trait6 El6mentaire de (wave and corpuscular) of fundamental Chimie, pres6nt6 d m s un Ordre Nouveau particles at perhaps a lower level than Geneml Chemistry et d'aprh les DCcouvertes Modernes) in necessary for the author's anticipated William E. Miller and Joseph A. Babor, the history of chemistry is unquestioned. audience. Some time, more than necesboth of the City College of New York. The publication of a paperhack reprint in sary, is devoted to comparisons, contrasts, William C. Brown Ca., Dubuque, Iowa, facsimile of the first English edition would xnd eventual meeting of the "corpuscular" 1965. xii 691 pp. Figs. and tables. of course he welcomed. The publication vs. the "wave" approach to electron of such an important work, however, with 15.5 X 23 cm. Paperbound. $5.95. properties. Simplified Newtonim mea full Introduction by the distinguished chanics and Bohr concepts are reviewed This text is, in the wards of the authors, Lsvoisier scholar, Professor Douglas Mewith aufbau principles finally being de". . .traditional in its approach and its Kie, merits a special accolade from all veloped. viewpoint. It is a revision of the wellteachers of the history of chemistry. The second lecture addresses itself to known Babor textbooks in general chemThis facsimile edition is that of the first simplest of electron bonds, the hydrothe istry. . . to incorporate the current conEnglish translation prepared by Robert gen molecule ion H.+. Wave functions cepts of chemical theory." Ken, and published in 1790, one year after are developed as well as the probability To accomplish their purpose, the the original French edition. Kerr's trausof the formation of the HaDspecies. authors have included a chanter on lation follows verv closelv the French text Hiickel representation of electron probaai~h I I W t!x(.cpr llnl of (.c~tfIill miwr i.I~~ngrs bility is used to explain cr and r bonding i l k 1:~I~lvs w h l he ~ madr it! order l u fit 11.e for a number of molecules. lattrr lnm the Krlglijll s~11cmof mraiur~The last lecture includes most of the chemistry in ten pages; a. chapter an ment and notation. This volume is a additions and modifications from the 1955 chemical kinetics (11pages); two chapters welcome addition to university libraries edition. The ionio bond is the first dison atomic structure, the first of which and should be at least the one piece of ru?sed with an elemental treatment of deals with the nucleus, while the second original historical material required to be unit cells. Sfter h a t i n g alkali halides, treats electronic structure of atoms; read by all students of ehemistly. the author then ransiders very briefly the and a chapter on the chemiral bond. The "Elements" was first published in field about transition metal ions and thus Some use is made of the material in the Paris in 1789--a time markinking many revosplitting of d orbitals. Certain regularimany chapters on descriptive chemistry. lutionary changes in government, religion, t.ies or periodieities we included such as and science. I t has been said that in this W. D. LARSON electrol>egativities, bond order, and bond volume, Lavoisier did for chemistry what College of S1. Thomas strength. This last lecture ends witb an Newton had done for physics with the St. Paul, Minnesota extensive discussion of the structure of publication of his "Principia" a century polyenes. Term symbols for these ring earlier. The "Elements" aas the first compounds are derived and the r electron chemical textbook written with the new energies are tabulated witb the ronjugachemistry as its foundation. The "Eletion energies. ments," while written almost 200 years ago The general subject matter found in is a modern chemistry textbook. A modthis "Heftchen" would be included in ern student of chemistry might read s. almost any United States- or Britishtextbook on chemistry published only two produced upper division inorganic text Die Chemisehe Bindung: Drei or three years before the "Elements" and which concerns itself with structure and Vorlesungen fL'r Chemiker it would probably seem to him strenge and honding as well as in most titles in the almost incomprehensible. This would not Hemann Harlmann, Johrtnll-Wolfgangphysical chemistry literature. be so w o n readine Lavoisier's "EleGoetheUniversitat, Frankfurt am There is neither a table of contents nor IIIPII~E.'' A S I U ~ ~uf~ 10~1a). ~ U ~ woultr feel Main. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1964. an index. Either or both would enhance perfectly at homc w i t l , rhc langungr and 109 pp. Figs. and tables. 13.5 X 21 the value of the book for the potential ,I,,- ,li~c,,
