Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces

Crerar, D. Α., 635. Curtis, Gary P., 191. Davies, Simon H. R., 487. Davis, James A., 2. Dillard, John G., 503. Driessens, Ferdinand C. M., 524. Eberl...
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Author Index

Ambe, F., 403 Ambe, S., 403 Anderson, Μ. Α., 142 Bousse, L u c , 79 B r a n t l e y , S. L., 635 Chan, Derek Y. C , 99 C o s t a n z o , P. Μ., 37 Crane, S. R., 635 Cremers, Α., 254 C r e r a r , D. Α., 635 C u r t i s , Gary P., 191 D a v i e s , Simon H. R., 487 D a v i s , James A., 2 D i l l a r d , John G., 503 D r i e s s e n s , F e r d i n a n d C. M., 524 E b e r l , Dennis D., 296 G i e s e , R. F., J r . , 37 Goodman, Β. Α., 342 G o u l d i n g , K e i t h W. T., 327 Hayes, Kim F., 2, 114 Hellmann, R., 635 Honeyman, Bruce D., 162 I k e d a , T e t s u y a , 230 Koutsoukos, P. G., 650 L e c k i e , James 0., 114, 162 Machesky, M. L., 142 Maes, Α., 254 M c B r i d e , Murray B., 362 M e i n d l , J . D., 79

M u l l a , David J . , 20 N a n c o l l a s , G. Η., 650 N i e l s e n , Arne E., 600 N o r t h r o p , H. Roy, 296 Okada, T., 403 P e r r y , Dale L., 389 P i n g i t o r e , N i c h o l a s E., J r . , 574 Plummer, L. N i e l , 561 R e i n h a r d , M a r t i n , 191, 462 R o b e r t s , P a u l V., 191 S a l i m i , M. H., 650 Schenck, C a t h e r i n e V., 503 Sekizawa, H., 403 S p o s i t o , G a r r i s o n , 217 Srodon, J a n , 296 S t a l l a r d , R., 635 Stone, A l a n T., 446 T e j e d o r - T e j e d o r , M. I . , 142 V e l b e l , M i c h a e l Anthony, 615 V o u d r i a s , Evangelos Α., 462 W a i t e , T. D a v i d , 426 W e s t a l l , John C , 54 White, A r t F., 587 Yasunaga, T a t s u y a , 230 Yee, Andy, 587 Y o s t , E. C , 142 Zawacki, S. J . , 650 Z e l t n e r , W. Α., 142

Subject Index

A

Acidity (Continued) e f f e c t on i n t e r c a l a t i o n phenomena, 250-252 A c i d i t y constants adsorption-desorption of p o t e n t i a l - d e t e r m i n i n g i o n s , 234t d i p r o t i c s u r f a c e group model, 69-71 A c t i v a t i o n energy d i f f u s i o n i n a l k a l i g l a s s e s , 593 d i f f u s i o n i n c r y s t a l l i n e and g l a s s s i l i c a t e s , 597 d i s s o l u t i o n o f q u a r t z , 644 A c t i v a t i o n p o t e n t i a l s , k i n e t i c model o f l e a d - i o n a d s o r p t i o n , 127 Activity components o f o l i v i n e s , 533 h y d r o x y a p a t i t e and f l u o r a p a t i t e , 545-552

Abiological nitrogen p h o t o f i x a t i o n , 428-429 A b i o t i c organic reactions a t mineral s u r f a c e s , 462-483 Absorption d e f i n i t i o n , 217 light metal o x i d e b u l k , 427-429 surface-located chromophores, 429-441 A c i d i c s i t e s on s o l i d s u r f a c e s , c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , 345 Acidity clay minerals, reaction promotion, 464-479 663

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

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664

G E O C H E M I C A L P R O C E S S E S AT M I N E R A L S U R F A C E S

A c t i v i t y (Continued) KCl-KBr-water system, 563-566 Activity coefficients KCl-KBr-water system, 564-566 t r i p l e l a y e r model, 120-121 Adsorbate s u r f a c e r e a c t i o n s , s u r f a c e - c o m p l e x a t i o n models, l 6 3 t Adsorbed antimony-119 i o n s , c h e m i c a l forms, 420 Adsorbed copper on l a y e r s i l i c a t e s , 376-387 Adsorbed d i v a l e n t Co-57 i o n s , c h e m i c a l forms, 419 Adsorbed n i t r o x i d e s p i n probes on l a y e r s i l i c a t e s , 366-367 Adsorption a n i o n s on g o e t h i t e , 142 B a ( I I ) on c a l c i t e , 577-579 c o b a l t o u s i o n s on h e m a t i t e , 406-409 complexes on m i n e r a l s , 353-354 d i s t i n g u i s h i n g from s u r f a c e p r e c i p i t a t i o n , 217-226 d i v a l e n t Co-57, e f f e c t s o f p e n t a v a l e n t Sb and Sb i o n s , 414,423 g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 5-7 i n o r g a n i c s u r f a c e s , 204-208 l e a d i o n a t the g o e t h i t e - w a t e r i n t e r f a c e , mechanism, 114-140 manganese(II) m e t a l oxide s u r f a c e s , 490-491 sodium p e r c h l o r a t e and sodium c h l o r i d e , 497t metal ions a l u m i n o s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s , 342-358 macroscopic p a r t i t i o n i n g c o e f f i c i e n t , 162-188 o r g a n i c r e d u c t a n t s and subsequent e l e c t r o n t r a n s f e r on m e t a l oxide s u r f a c e s , 446-460 o r g a n i c s o l u t e s on s u r f a c e s , 192-193 p e n t a v a l e n t antimony i o n s on h e m a t i t e , 409 p r e c u r s o r complex f o r m a t i o n , 454 p r e d i c t i n g over a range o f a d s o r p t i o n d e n s i t i e s , 179-181 s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s , 50-51 w a t e r , 41-43 Adsorption density r e l a t i o n t o macroscopic p r o t o n c o e f f i c i e n t , 169,172,175 r e l a t i o n t o metal i o n a d s o r p t i o n , 167 r e l a t i o n to p a r t i t i o n i n g c o e f f i c i e n t , 175-178 Adsorption-desorption k i n e t i c s c o u n t e r i o n s , 236-241 d i v a l e n t metal i o n s , 241-244 metal o x i d e - s o l u t i o n i n t e r f a c e , s t u d i e d by r e l a x a t i o n methods, 230-252 p o t e n t i a l - d e t e r m i n i n g i o n s , 233-235

Adsorption enthalpies, f a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g , 144 Adsorption isotherms, d i s t i n g u i s h i n g a d s o r p t i o n from s u r f a c e p r e c i p i t a t i o n , 218-220 Adsorption layer concentration, c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 606 Adsorption reaction c o n c e p t u a l model, 57-59 net p r o t o n r e l e a s e and l i g a n d number, 136-137 A d s o r p t i o n s i t e s on m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s , o r i g i n and n a t u r e , 345 Adsorptive p r o p e r t i e s , v e r m i c u l i t e s and s m e c t i t e s , 364 A f f i n i t y term, e f f e c t on r e a c t i o n r a t e , 630 A l k a l i and a l k a l i n e e a r t h m e t a l - i o n exchange i n i l l i t e , 274-278 A l k a l i elements i n o b s i d i a n , d i f f u s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s , 593t A l k a l i metal c a t i o n exchange, thermodynamic d a t a , 257t A l k a l i radionuclide diffusion, role i n g l a s s y and c r y s t a l l i n e s i l i c a t e s , 587-597 A l k a l i n e e a r t h c a t i o n s , e f f e c t on c a l c i u m phosphate p r e c i p i t a t i o n , 653 A l u m i n o s i l i c a t e minerals a d s o r p t i o n o f metal i o n s and complexes, 342-358 p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange e q u i l i b r i a , 330-334 s u r f a c e charge, 344-345 types of s t r u c t u r e s , 344 Aluminum, auger parameters, 400t Ammonia c o o r d i n a t e d t o C o ( I I I ) , XPS s t u d i e s , 509 sorbed on sodium b i r n e s s i t e , XPS s t u d i e s , 509-510 Ammonium c a t i o n exchange, i n c l a y m i n e r a l s , 260-262 Amphoteric s u r f a c e e q u a t i o n o f s t a t e , 100-102 w i t h c o m p l e x a t i o n , 86-89 w i t h o u t c o m p l e x a t i o n , 80,82-85 Angle o f t e t r a h e d r a l r o t a t i o n , s m e c t i t e s , 310,314 A n g l e - r e s o l v e d XPS a n a l y s i s , t o produce e l e m e n t a l p r o f i l e s w i t h d e p t h , 592 Anion a d s o r p t i o n g o e t h i t e , 142-159 l e p i d o c r o c i t e s u r f a c e , 494t mechanism, 147 A n i s o t r o p y o f motion, h e c t o r i t e , 373 Antimony-119, decay t o Sn-119, 404 Antimony-119 i o n s , Mossbauer s t u d i e s o f m e t a l oxide-aqueous s o l u t i o n i n t e r f a c e s , 403-423

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

INDEX

665

A p a t i t e systems, i n c o n t a c t w i t h aqueous s o l u t i o n s , 544-558 Aqueous-phase n o n i d e a l i t i e s , 200-203 Aqueous s o l u t i o n s i n contact with i o n i c s o l i d

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s o l u t i o n s , 524-558 i n contact with s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , approach t o e q u i l i b r i u m , 561-573 KBr and K C l , approach t o e q u i l i b r i u m , 561-573 Aragonite, i n s o l i d solutions i n c o n t a c t w i t h aqueous s o l u t i o n s , 540-544 Argon i o n s p u t t e r i n g i n o b s i d i a n , 590 Aromatic compounds e f f e c t on o r g a n i c exchange, 273 p o l y m e r i z a t i o n , t r e n d s , 471 A r r h e n i u s e x p r e s s i o n , temperature dependence o f d i f f u s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s , 593 Auger d a t a , c h a l c o c i t e and c o v e l l i t e , 400t Auger e l e c t r o n s p e c t r o s c o p y (AES), c h e m i c a l bonding s t u d i e s o f m i n e r a l s , 395-397 Auger parameters aluminum, 400t d e f i n i t i o n , 397 s i l i c o n , 400t A x i a l l y symmetric s p i n system, ESR spectra, 379,38lf Axis spacings of l a y e r s i l i c a t e c l a y s , 366t

Β

B a c t e r i a , e f f e c t on M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 500 B a r i u m ( I I ) , modes o f c o p r e c i p i ­ t a t i o n w i t h c a l c i t e , 574-585 Beidellite copper-doped f i l m s , ESR s p e c t r a , 379,380f,383,384f ESR s p e c t r a , 376,371-378f B e n t o n i t e , p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange e q u i l i b r i a , 330-334 Benzene, r e a c t i o n w i t h metal-exchanged c l a y s , 355-356 Benzidine o x i d a t i o n i n the presence o f v a r i o u s c l a y s , 467-468 p r o t o n a t i o n , 468 r e a c t i o n w i t h metal-exchange c l a y s , 356 Benzoate, CIR-FTIR spectrum, 156f B i d e n t a t e bonding o f phosphate on g o e t h i t e , 148 B i n d i n g energy, XPS, 391-392 Binding s t r e n g t h , potassium-calcium exchange i n s o i l s , 337

Birnessite, synthetic, interaction w i t h c o b a l t complexes, 503-521 B j e r r u m s u r f a c e complex f o r m a t i o n f u n c t i o n , 269-270 Boltzmann d i s t r i b u t i o n , s o l u t i o n concentration of p o t e n t i a l - d e t e r m i n i n g i o n s , 101 Bond s t r e n g t h , p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange, 331 Bonding s t u d i e s o f m i n e r a l s , a p p l i c a t i o n s of surface t e c h n i q u e s , 389-401 Bronsted a c i d i t y o f c l a y m i n e r a l s g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 471-474 r e a c t i o n p r o m o t i o n , 464-479

C C a l c i f i e d tissues, mineral phases, 557t Calcite modes o f c o p r e c i p i t a t i o n w i t h B a ( I I ) and S r ( I I ) , 574-585 s o l i d s o l u t i o n s i n contact with aqueous s o l u t i o n s , 540-544 s o r p t i o n o f phosphate, 224 C a l c i u m , exchange w i t h p o t a s s i u m , a l u m i n o s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s , 327-339 C a l c i u m c a r b o n a t e , i n systems w i t h magnesium c a r b o n a t e , 540-544 Calcium c a t i o n a d s o r p t i o n on and i n t e r a c t i o n s w i t h the l e p i d o c r o c i t e s u r f a c e , 494t e f f e c t on M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 492-497 C a l c i u m i o n , c o o r d i n a t i o n modes, 575 C a l c i u m phosphates and c a l c i f i e d t i s s u e s , 554-558 g r o w t h , 650-661 r e l e v a n t t o aqueous systems, 555t Calciumhydroxyapatite i n systems w i t h l e a d h y d r o x y a p a t i t e , 554 i n systems w i t h s t r o n t i u m h y d r o x y a p a t i t e , 554 C a l c u l a t i o n o f d i f f u s i o n parameters, r u b i d i u m , cesium, and s t r o n t i u m i n o b s i d i a n , 592-594 C a l i c y l a t e on g o e t h i t e , CIR-FTIR spectrum, 157f Capacitance amphoteric surface without c o m p l e x a t i o n model, 83 c o n s t r a i n t , d i p r o t i c s u r f a c e group model, 74 d i v a l e n t m e t a l - i o n b i n d i n g , 243t s t e r n , on o x i d e s , 89,91 C a t a l y t i c i n t e r c a l a t i o n phenomena, 250 Cation(s) h i g h p o l a r i z a b i l i t y , i o n exchange i n c l a y m i n e r a l s , 265-274 homovalent exchange i n c l a y m i n e r a l s , 256-260

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

Downloaded by UNIV OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND on September 15, 2015 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: November 13, 1987 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1987-0323.ix002

666

G E O C H E M I C A L P R O C E S S E S AT M I N E R A L S U R F A C E S

C a t i o n ( s ) (Continued) layer s i l i c a t e s ESR, 364-365 h y d r a t i o n , 362-364 o r g a n i c ammonium, exchange i n c l a y m i n e r a l s , 260-262 s e l e c t i v i t y dependence on l o a d i n g , i o n exchange i n c l a y s , 265 Cation-exchange c a p a c i t y , a l u m i n o s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s , 345 Cation-exchange r e a c t i o n , f r e e energy change, 255 Cesium calculation of diffusion parameters, 592-594 exchange i n i l l i t e - s m e c t i t e i n t e r l a y e r s and i n reduced charge m o n t m o r i l l o n i t e s , 278-280 high-temperature d i f f u s i o n s t u d i e s , 595 uptake by f e l d s p a r and o b s i d i a n , 588-591 Chalcocite copper and s u l f u r XPS s p e c t r a , 394f XPS and AES d a t a , 400t Charge amphoteric surface w i t h complexation model, 86-87 amphoteric surface without c o m p l e x a t i o n model, 84-85 Charge b a l a n c e s , t r i p l e - l a y e r model s u r f a c e complexes, 118-119 Charge d e n s i t y e f f e c t on i o n exchange i n c l a y m i n e r a l s , 256-265 See a l s o S u r f a c e charge d e n s i t y Charge-potential r e l a t i o n s h i p s e l e c t r i c double l a y e r , 233 o v e r l a p p i n g d i f f u s e l a y e r s , 109-110 C h a r g e - t r a n s f e r complex f o r m a t i o n and oxidation r e a c t i o n s , at mineral s u r f a c e s , 464,467-468 Charged i n t e r f a c e , f r e e energy o f f o r m a t i o n , 106-107 Charged s u r f a c e , f r e e energy o f f o r m a t i o n , 109-110 C h a r g i n g , XPS and AES, 390 Chelate o f g o e t h i t e and s a l i c y l a t e , 156-157 o f i r o n and s a l i c y l a t e , 156-157 C h e m i c a l a f f i n i t y o f the w e a t h e r i n g r e a c t i o n , e f f e c t on m i n e r a l w e a t h e r i n g r a t e s , 630-631 Chemical and e l e c t r o s t a t i c models f o r r e a c t i o n s a t the o x i d e - s o l u t i o n i n t e r f a c e , 54-77 Chemical bonding s t u d i e s o f m i n e r a l s , applications of surface t e c h n i q u e s , 389-401 Chemical c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f o r g a n i c r e d u c t a n t s , e f f e c t on r e d u c t i v e d i s s o l u t i o n , 457

Chemical c o n s t r a i n t s , oxide-electrolyte interface models, 66 Chemical c o n t r i b u t i o n , f r e e energy o f f o r m a t i o n o f a charged i n t e r f a c e , 107-108 Chemical forms o f adsorbed m e t a l i o n s , c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , 348-353 Chemical r e a c t i o n s , o x i d e s u r f a c e , 59-61 Chemical r e a c t i v i t y , m i n e r a l - w a t e r interface, 3 Chemical r e l a x a t i o n methods a p p a r a t u s , m a t e r i a l s , and sample p r e p a r a t i o n , 231-232 p r i n c i p l e s , 231 study o f a d s o r p t i o n - d e s o r p t i o n k i n e t i c s a t the metal oxide-solution i n t e r f a c e , 230-252 Chemical v e r s u s e l e c t r o s t a t i c i n t e r a c t i o n s , i n surface phenomena, 56-57 Chemisorption, organic molecules with metal-exchanged c l a y s , 355-357 Chloride ion e f f e c t on h y d r o x y a p a t i t e c r y s t a l growth, 655-657 e f f e c t on M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 492-497 Chromate, a d s o r p t i o n r a t e c o n s t a n t s , 239,241 Chromium, r e a c t i o n w i t h g a l e n a , XPS s t u d i e s , 394f,396t Chromium i o n s , a d s o r p t i o n on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 349 Chromophores, l i g h t a b s o r p t i o n i n c o r p o r a t i n g the oxide l a t t i c e m e t a l , 429-441 C i t r a t e , e f f e c t on d i s s o l u t i o n o f i r o n o x i d e , 431-433 Clay(s) h y d r a t i o n , 40 i n i t i a t i o n of polymerization r e a c t i o n s , 468-471 nature o f s u r f a c e s , 344-345 s i l i c a t e , groups o f exchange s i t e s , 332t See a l s o s i l i c a t e s Clay f i l m s ESR parameters o f copper i o n , 385t h y p e r f i n e s p l i t t i n g and e l e c t r o n g - v a l u e , 367-373 Clay minerals a c i d i t y , r e a c t i o n p r o m o t i o n , 464-479 B r o n s t e d a c i d i t y , 471-474 highly selective ion exchange, 256-283 Lewis a c i d i t y , 464-466 s t r u c t u r e s , 38-43 C l a y - w a t e r m i x t u r e s , water p r o p e r t i e s , 42

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

Downloaded by UNIV OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND on September 15, 2015 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: November 13, 1987 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1987-0323.ix002

INDEX

667

Closed d i s s o l u t i o n experiments, q u a r t z , 639-642 C o b a l t , 2p s p l i t t i n g , XPS s t u d i e s o f complexes on b i r n e s s i t e , 510-511 C o b a l t ( I I ) , oxidation to c o b a l t ( I I I ) d u r i n g s o r p t i o n on b i r n e s s i t e , 510-511 Cobalt-57 decay t o i r o n - 5 7 , 404 i o n s , Mossbauer s t u d i e s o f metal oxide-aqueous s o l u t i o n i n t e r f a c e s , 403-423 C o b a l t complexes on sodium b i r n e s s i t e SIMS s t u d i e s , 514-519 XPS s t u d i e s , 507-514 on s y n t h e t i c b i r n e s s i t e , 503-521 Cobalt ions a d s o r p t i o n on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 349,351 a d s o r p t i o n on h e m a t i t e , 406-409 exchange i n Y z e o l i t e , 285 C o l l o i d surface charge, s t a b i l i z a t i o n o f p h o t o p r o d u c t s , 441,443 C o l l o i d a l metal o x i d e s , photoredox c h e m i s t r y , 426-443 Complex(es) a d s o r b e d , c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , 353-354 a d s o r p t i o n on m i n e r a l s , 353-354 inner c o o r d i n a t i o n sphere, p h o t o l y s i s , 431-441 m e t a l , a d s o r p t i o n on a l u m i n o s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s , 342-358 t r a n s i t i o n metal i o n , exchange, 288 Complex c a t i o n exchange, i n c l a y m i n e r a l s , 265-273 Complex f o r m a t i o n m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s , 464,467-468 t r a n s i t i o n m e t a l c a t i o n w i t h an uncharged l i g a n d , 269 Complex i d e a l s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , d i s t r i b u t i o n l a w s , 530 C o m p l e x a t i o n models, s u r f a c e , 59-63 Complexing l i g a n d s , e f f e c t on a d s o r p t i o n o f m e t a l i o n s , 347 Computer-generated f i t t i n g o f s u r f a c e charge, amphoteric s u r f a c e w i t h o u t c o m p l e x a t i o n model, 85 Computer s i m u l a t i o n s o f i n t e r f a c i a l w a t e r , weaknesses and d i s a d v a n t a g e s , 32-33 Concentration a d s o r p t i o n l a y e r , c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 606 dependence o f r e l a x a t i o n t i m e , 233-236,239 C o n c e p t u a l model o f an a d s o r p t i o n r e a c t i o n , 57-59 C o n s e r v a t i o n - o f - s i t e equation amphoteric surface with complexation model, 86 amphoteric surface without c o m p l e x a t i o n model, 82

C o n v e c t i o n , c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 603-604 C o o r d i n a t i v e environment, t r a n s i t i o n m e t a l i o n s , 451-453 Copper, adsorbed on l a y e r s i l i c a t e s , 376-387 C o p p e r ( I I ) , s o r p t i o n by h e c t o r i t e , 225-226 Copper-aquo complexes i n l a y e r s i l i c a t e s , stereochemical arrangements, 383,385f Copper complexes, 353-357 Copper i o n s , a d s o r p t i o n on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 349-353 Coprecipitation B a ( I I ) and S r ( I I ) w i t h c a l c i t e , 574-585 Doerner-Haskins d i s t r i b u t i o n law, 528 Corundum-type magnetic o x i d e s u r f a c e s , 416-419 C o v e l l i t e , X-ray p h o t o e l e c t r o n and Auger d a t a , 400t C r i t i c a l concentration, etch p i t f o r m a t i o n , 638 C r y s t a l growth e l e c t r o l y t e , mechanisms and r a t e laws, 600-611 h y d r o x y a p a t i t e , 655-657 in solution e s t i m a t e s o f p a r a m e t e r s , 606-607 p r e d i c t i o n , 607-610 r a t e c o n t r o l , 601 transport-controlled k i n e t i c s , 601-604 C r y s t a l l i n e s i l i c a t e s , r o l e of nearsurface a l k a l i r a d i o n u c l i d e , 587-597 C r y s t a l l i t e , single, layer s i l i c a t e s , 362-363f C r y s t a l l i z a t i o n experiments, calcium phosphates, 654 Crystallographically different site groups, h i g h l y s e l e c t i v e i o n exchange, 283-287 Cylindrical internal reflectionF o u r i e r t r a n s f o r m IR s p e c t r o s c o p y (CIR-FTIR) a n i o n a d s o r p t i o n , 150-158 g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 150-151 methods, 151-152

D Dehydration s u r f a c e s p e c t r o s c o p y , 225 XPS and AES, 390 Density o s c i l l a t i o n s , s i m u l a t i o n r e s u l t s o f i n t e r f a c i a l w a t e r , 30 D e n t a l c a l c u l u s , m i n e r a l phases, 557t Deprotonation r e a c t i o n , e q u i l i b r i u m c o n s t a n t , 120-121

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

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Depth p r o f i l i n g s t u d i e s , m i n e r a l samples, 399 Desorption-adsorption kinetics d i v a l e n t m e t a l i o n s , 241-244 metal o x i d e - s o l u t i o n i n t e r f a c e , 230-252 p o t e n t i a l - d e t e r m i n i n g i o n s , 233-235 D i c a l c i u m phosphate d i h y d r a t e , e f f e c t o f magnesium and s t r o n t i u m i o n s on c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n , 657-661 D i f f u s e double l a y e r , e q u a t i o n o f s t a t e , 102-103 Diffusion a l k a l i radionuclide, r o l e i n glassy and c r y s t a l l i n e s i l i c a t e s , 587-597 c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 603 F i c k ' s f i r s t law, 617 Diffusion coefficients a l k a l i elements i n o b s i d i a n , 593t comparison w i t h p e n e t r a t i o n d e p t h , 593 single-component model, 592 temperature dependence, 593 D i f f u s i o n model, s o r p t i o n k i n e t i c s , 209-211 D i f f u s i o n parameters, r u b i d i u m , cesium, and s t r o n t i u m i n o b s i d i a n , c a l c u l a t i o n , 590,592-594 D i f f u s i o n rates, control of reaction k i n e t i c s and t r a n s p o r t p r o p e r t i e s , 31 Diffusion reaction, relaxation t i m e , 236 D i f f u s i o n s t u d i e s , rubidium, cesium, and s t r o n t i u m , a t h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s , 595 Dioctahedral clays, tetrahedral r o t a t i o n s , 314 D i p o l e r e l a x a t i o n t i m e , study by m o l e c u l a r dynamics, 31-32 D i p r o t i c s u r f a c e groups g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 61-62 model, 68-75 D i s e q u i l i b r i u m i n d e x , d e f i n i t i o n , 630 D i s l o c a t i o n etch p i t s i n q u a r t z , 635-647 Dislocations i n a c r y s t a l , r e l a t i o n to e t c h p i t s , 622 D i s o r d e r parameter, o l i v i n e s , 533 D i s s o c i a t i o n r e a c t i o n s , oxide s u r f a c e , 100-101 Dissolution d e s c r i p t i o n on a m o l e c u l a r l e v e l , 451-459 e f f e c t o f o x i d e m i n e r a l o g y , 458 f e l d s p a r w e a t h e r i n g , 626 g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 10-11 k i n e t i c s a t e t c h p i t s , 638-639 n u c l e u s , f r e e energy o f f o r m a t i o n , 636-638 r a t e , d e f i n i t i o n , 622 r e a c t i o n scheme, 447-448

D i s s o l u t i o n (Continued) reduced s u r f a c e s i t e s , 457-458 D i s s o l v e d humic m a t e r i a l , e f f e c t on humic p o l y m e r s , 200-202 Distribution coefficients adsorbate-solid i n t e r a c t i o n s , 163-164 a d s o r p t i o n on i n o r g a n i c s u r f a c e s , 204,205f a p p l i c a t i o n i n a n a l y t i c a l and i n o r g a n i c c h e m i s t r y , 535-539 i d e a l s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , 528,530 KCl-KBr-water system, 565-566 r e g u l a r s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , 531 D i s t r i b u t i o n laws complex i d e a l s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , 530 r e g u l a r s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , 531-532 simple i d e a l s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , 527-530 s o l i d s o l u t i o n s i n g e n e r a l , 533-558 D i t r i g o n a l h o l e s , hydrated k a o l i n i t e s , 46,48 D i v a l e n t Co-57, on h e m a t i t e , i n s i t u Mossbauer measurement, 406-409 D i v a l e n t Co-57 i o n s , on h e m a t i t e , 419-420 Divalent metal i o n ( s ) , adsorptiond e s o r p t i o n k i n e t i c s , 241-244 Divalent metal-ion hydroxides, s o l u b i l i t y p r o d u c t c o n s t a n t s , 458t Doerner-Hoskins d i s t r i b u t i o n law f o r c o p r e c i p i t a t i o n , 528 Dolomite, i n s o l i d s o l u t i o n s i n c o n t a c t w i t h aqueous s o l u t i o n s , 540-544 Double-bond a d d i t i o n , promotion by a c i d i t y o f mineral s u r f a c e s , 478-479 Double-layer capacitance, amphoteric surface without complexation model, 83 Drying-wetting, potassium f i x a t i o n i n s m e c t i t e , 296-324 Drying-wetting c y c l e s i n water, response o f p o t a s s i u m s m e c t i t e s , 303-317 Drying-wetting experiments m i n e r a l s used, 300t s t r u c t u r a l formulas of smectites used, 302t Ε

E l e c t r i c double l a y e r a p p l i c a t i o n o f models, 67-68 e l e c t r o s t a t i c models, 64-68 E l e c t r i c a l c o n t r i b u t i o n , f r e e energy o f f o r m a t i o n o f a charged i n t e r f a c e , 107-108 E l e c t r i c a l double l a y e r a t the o x i d e s o l u t i o n i n t e r f a c e , f r e e energy, 99-112 f o r m a t i o n , f r e e energy change, 106-109

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

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INDEX

E l e c t r i c a l double l a y e r ( C o n t i n u e d ) p r o p e r t i e s , 3-5 E l e c t r o k i n e t i c behavior, d i s t i n g u i s h i n g a d s o r p t i o n from s u r f a c e p r e c i p i t a t i o n , 222-223 E l e c t r o k i n e t i c phenomenon, d e f i n i t i o n , 222 E l e c t r o l y t e , e f f e c t on hydroxyapatite c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n r a t e , 655-657 Electrolyte activity amphoteric s u r f a c e w i t h c o m p l e x a t i o n model, 86-87 c a l c u l a t i o n , 221 E l e c t r o l y t e c r y s t a l growth from aqueous s o l u t i o n , 600-611 p r e d i c t i o n o f r a t e s , 608-609t E l e c t r o l y t e - i n s u l a t o r - s i l i c o n (EIS) s t r u c t u r e , 80 E l e c t r o l y t e i n t e r f a c e theory, importance o f s u r f a c e p o t e n t i a l - p H c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , 79-96 Electrolyte-oxide interface in g e o c h e m i s t r y , 55-59 E l e c t r o l y t e surface reactions, t r i p l e l a y e r model, 123t E l e c t r o n g - v a l u e , c l a y f i l m s , 367-372 E l e c t r o n g r a z i n g a n g l e a n a l y s i s , 399 E l e c t r o n paramagnetic resonance (EPR), s t u d i e s o f S r ( I I ) and B a ( I I ) i n c a l c i t e , 583-584 E l e c t r o n spectroscopy f o r chemical a n a l y s i s (ESCA), c h e m i c a l bonding s t u d i e s o f m i n e r a l s , 391-395 E l e c t r o n s p i n double resonance s p e c t r o s c o p y , m e t a l i o n s adsorbed on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 352 E l e c t r o n s p i n echo m o d u l a t i o n complexes adsorbed on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 353 m e t a l i o n s adsorbed on c l a y minerals, 352 E l e c t r o n s p i n l e v e l s i n a magnetic f i e l d , 367,368f E l e c t r o n s p i n resonance (ESR) spectroscopy b e i d e l l i t e , 376,377-378f b e i d e l l i t e f i l m s , copperdoped, 379,380f,383,384f c a t i o n s on l a y e r s i l i c a t e s , 364-365 complexes adsorbed on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 353-354 d i s t i n g u i s h i n g a d s o r p t i o n from s u r f a c e s p e c t r o s c o p y , 225-226 m e t a l i o n s adsorbed on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 349-352 n i t r o x i d e s p i n probe, 367,369f s a p o n i t e , 371f,372 s a p o n i t e f i l m s , copperdoped, 379,382f tempamine adsorbed on sodium s m e c t i t e f i l m s , 370,371f

Electron transfer m e t a l o x i d e s u r f a c e s , 446-460 m i n e r a l - w a t e r i n t e r f a c e , 13 E l e c t r o p h o r e s i s , d e f i n i t i o n , 222 E l e c t r o p h o r e t i c m o b i l i t y of h y d r o x y a p a t i t e , 655-658 E l e c t r o s m o s i s , d e f i n i t i o n , 222 E l e c t r o s t a t i c models e l e c t r i c double l a y e r , 64-68 r e a c t i o n s a t the o x i d e - s o l u t i o n i n t e r f a c e , 54-77 E l e c t r o s t a t i c versus chemical i n t e r a c t i o n s , surface phenomena, 56-57 Elemental r a t i o s , Co(III) complexes-birnessite, 518t E l i m i n a t i o n r e a c t i o n s , p r o m o t i o n by a c i d i t y of m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s , 478-479 E m p i r i c a l models o x i d e - e l e c t r o l y t e i n t e r f a c e , 55 sorption processes, 7 Energies allowed, unpaired e l e c t r o n , 366 Energy l e v e l diagram, s p i n s t a t e s o f copper i o n , 376,378f Energy o f i n t e r a c t i o n between the magnetic f i e l d and the e l e c t r o n s p i n , 366 Enthalpies a d s o r p t i o n , f a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g , 144 exchange o f p y r i d i n i u m and b i p y r i d i u m s a l t s , 275t p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange i n aluminosilicate m i n e r a l s , 330-333 p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange i n s o i l s , 334-338 E n t h a l p y of m i x i n g hydroxyapati t e - f l u o r a p a t i te systems, 546-552 r e g u l a r s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , 531 s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , 534-535 Entropies p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange i n aluminosilicate m i n e r a l s , 330-331 p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange i n s o i l s , 337-338 Entropy o f m i x i n g complex i d e a l s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , 530 s i m p l e i d e a l s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , 527 Environmental relevance, h i g h l y s e l e c t i v e ion-exchange r e a c t i o n s , 290 Equations of s t a t e , oxide s u r f a c e , d i f f u s e double l a y e r , and e q u i l i b r i u m p o i n t , 100-106 Equilibrium KCl-KBr-water system, 563-566 p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange, 328

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

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670

G E O C H E M I C A L P R O C E S S E S AT M I N E R A L S U R F A C E S

E q u i l i b r i u m (Continued) s o l i d solution-aqueous s o l u t i o n systems, 561-573 E q u i l i b r i u m constants a d s o r p t i o n , c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 606 adsorption-desorption of c o u n t e r i o n s , 237,239 adsorption-desorption of d i v a l e n t m e t a l i o n s , 241 d e p r o t o n a t i o n r e a c t i o n , 120-121 d e t e r m i n a t i o n f o r a s u r f a c e , 89-94 f a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g , 231 KCl-KBr-water system, 566-567 p r e s s u r e dependence, 133 s u r f a c e r e a c t i o n k i n e t i c s , 232-233 Equilibrium expressions, reactions, t r i p l e - l a y e r model, 123t E q u i l i b r i u m model, r e a c t i o n s a t charged i n t e r f a c e s , 117-118 Equilibrium point, oxide-solution i n t e r f a c e , equation of s t a t e , 103-106 Equilibrium r e s u l t s , lead-ion a d s o r p t i o n a t the g o e t h i t e - w a t e r i n t e r f a c e , 121-125 E q u i l i b r i u m s l o p e , KCl-KBr-water system, 570-571 E q u i l i b r i u m solid-aqueous s o l u t i o n p r o p e r t i e s , 570t E q u i l i b r i u m t e s t s , KCl-KBr-water system, 567-572 Estimates of parameters, c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 606-607 Estuarine water, Mn(II) o x i d a t i o n , 497-498 Etch p i t s d i s s o l u t i o n k i n e t i c s 638-639 f o r m a t i o n , t h e o r y , 636-639 n a t u r a l l y weathered f e l d s p a r , 620-623 quartz d i s l o c a t i o n , 635-647 t e s t o f f o r m a t i o n t h e o r y , 639-645 t e r r a c e d , q u a r t z s u r f a c e s , 645 w i d t h s on q u a r t z etched i n f l o w systems, 644t E t c h t u b e s , q u a r t z s u r f a c e s , 645 Etching, quartz surfaces, l o w - t e m p e r a t u r e , 642 Exchange e n t h a l p i e s , c l a y minerals, 278 Exchange i s o t h e r m s , d i v a l e n t c a t i o n s w i t h Na m o n t m o r i l l o n i t e , 346 E x p o n e n t i a l r a t e law, c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 608-611

F e l d s p a r , cesium u p t a k e , 588-591 Feldspar weathering f a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g r a t e s , 615-632 g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 616 l a b o r a t o r y s t u d i e s , 625-626 n a t u r a l weathering p r o f i l e s , 627-629 r a t e s , 626-627 F e r r i c ions at surface metal ion s i t e s , Weiss f i e l d c a l c u l a t i o n , 416 F e r r i c o x i d e — S e e Iron oxide F e r r u g i n o u s s m e c t i t e s , k i n e t i c s o f the t r a n s f o r m a t i o n toward i l l i t e , 314-317 F e r t i l i z e r s , e f f e c t on p o t a s s i u m s e l e c t i v i t y i n s o i l s , 334,337 F i c k ' s f i r s t law o f d i f f u s i o n , 617 F i r s t - o r d e r k i n e t i c model, s o r p t i o n k i n e t i c s , 208-209 F i x a t i o n i n s m e c t i t e by w e t t i n g and d r y i n g , p o t a s s i u m , 296-324 F l a t - b a n d v o l t a g e o f an EIS s t r u c t u r e , 80 Flow d i s s o l u t i o n e x p e r i m e n t s , q u a r t z , 639-642 F l u o r a p a t i t e , i n systems w i t h h y d r o x y a p a t i t e , 544-554 F l u o r i d e a d s o r p t i o n on g o e t h i t e , 148 F r e e energy between two p l a t e s , i n t e r a c t i o n , 109-112 c a t i o n - e x c h a n g e r e a c t i o n , 255 complex c a t i o n exchange, 271 e l e c t r i c a l d o u b l e l a y e r s a t the o x i d e - s o l u t i o n i n t e r f a c e , 99-112 of formation d i s s o l u t i o n n u c l e u s , 636-638 one s u r f a c e , 106-109 o f m i x i n g , s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , 541 o f t r a n s f e r , c a l c i u m phosphate i o n , 651 p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange i n aluminosilicate m i n e r a l s , 330-331 p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange i n s o i l s , 337 Free enthalpy of mixing, hydroxyapatite-fluorapatite systems, 546-552 F r e s h w a t e r , M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 497-498 F u l v i c acids e f f e c t on d i s s o l u t i o n o f i r o n o x i d e , 438,439f e f f e c t on d i s s o l u t i o n o f manganese o x i d e , 438,440f

F G F-function amphoteric surface w i t h complexation model, 86 amphoteric surface without c o m p l e x a t i o n model, 82-83

Galena XPS spectrum i n chromium r e g i o n , 394f XPS spectrum i n s u l f u r r e g i o n ,

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

393f

671

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INDEX

Galena (Continued) XPS survey s c a n , 393f Galena-chromium r e a c t i o n , XPS d a t a , 396t Geochemical mass b a l a n c e s t u d i e s , f e l d s p a r w e a t h e r i n g , 627-629 Geochemical p r o c e s s e s a t m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s , o v e r v i e w , 2-14 Geochemistry, o x i d e - e l e c t r o l y t e i n t e r f a c e , 55-59 Glassy s i l i c a t e s , r o l e of near-surface a l k a l i r a d i o n u c l i d e , 587-597 Goethite anion adsorption c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , 142-159 CIR-FTIR s p e c t r a , 153-154f G o e t h i t e - w a t e r i n t e r f a c e , mechanism o f l e a d - i o n a d s o r p t i o n , 114-140 Growth, c a l c i u m phosphates, 650-661 Growth r a t e s c a l c i u m phosphates, 652t c r y s t a l s i n s o l u t i o n , 601 prediction, crystals i n s o l u t i o n , 607-610 Growth r e a c t i o n , h y d r o x y a p a t i t e , 655-657 H H a l f - l i v e s , M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 498t H a l l o y s i t e , adsorbed w a t e r , 40-41 Heat c a p a c i t y measurements and i n t e r l a y e r water s t r u c t u r e , 48-50 H e a t i n g e f f e c t s , p e n t a v a l e n t Sb-119 i o n s on h e m a t i t e , 420 Hectorite a n i s o t r o p y o f motion, 373 orientation-dependence of hyperfine s p l i t t i n g , 370-371f o x i d a t i o n o f b e n z i d i n e , 467 s o r p t i o n o f C u ( I I ) , 225-226 Hematite corundum-type s t r u c t u r e , 416-419 d i v a l e n t Co-57 i o n s , 419-420 magnetic i n t e r a c t i o n s on s u r f a c e s , 414-416 Mossbauer s t u d i e s o f metal oxide-solution i n t e r f a c e s , 405-406 p e n t a v a l e n t Sb-119 i o n s , 420-423 suspensions containing S(IV), s o l u b i l i z a t i o n , 432,434f See a l s o I r o n o x i d e H e m a t i t e - d i v a l e n t Co-57, i n s i t u Mossbauer measurement, 406-409 H e m a t i t e - p e n t a v a l e n t Sb-119, i n s i t u Mossbauer measurement, 409-414 H e t e r o v a l e n t exchange, c l a y m i n e r a l s , 262-265 High-temperature d i f f u s i o n s t u d i e s , r u b i d i u m , cesium, and s t r o n t i u m , 595 H i g h l y s e l e c t i v e i o n exchange i n c l a y m i n e r a l s and z e o l i t e s , 254-290

Homogeneity, p r e c i p i t a t e o f a s o l i d s o l u t i o n , 539 Homovalent exchange o f i n o r g a n i c c a t i o n s , c l a y m i n e r a l s , 256-260 Hydrated k a o l i n i t e s , IR s p e c t r a , 45-48 Hydration c a t i o n s o f l a y e r s i l i c a t e s , 362-364 c l a y s , 40 e f f e c t s on i o n exchange i n c l a y m i n e r a l s , 256-265 f o r c e , i n t e r f a c i a l w a t e r , 30 s u r f a c e , e f f e c t on a l k a l i d i f f u s i o n , 597 Hydrogen b o n d i n g , l a y e r s i l i c a t e s , 364 Hydrogen-exchange r e a c t i o n s , promotion by B r o n s t e d o r Lewis a c i d i t y , 479 Hydrogen-ion a c t i v i t y i n s o l u t i o n , d i p r o t i c s u r f a c e group model, 71 Hydrogen-ion exchange, f e l d s p a r w e a t h e r i n g , 625-626 Hydrogen p e r o x i d e , c a t a l y t i c d e c o m p o s i t i o n by c a t i o n s , 483 H y d r o l y s i s , m e t a l - i o n complexes, homogeneous s o l u t i o n s o f i n c r e a s i n g pH, 453 Hydrolysis reactions m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s , 474-478 s u r f a c e groups on a m e t a l o x i d e , 491 Hydrophobic e f f e c t , i n t e r f a c i a l w a t e r , 30 Hydrophobic o r g a n i c s o l u t e s , s o r p t i o n by sediments, 191-213 Hydrothermal e t c h i n g , q u a r t z , 639-642 Hydroxyapatite c r y s t a l growth, 655-661 e f f e c t o f magnesium and s t r o n t i u m i o n s on c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n , 657-661 i n systems w i t h f l u o r a p a t i t e , 544-554 H y p e r f i n e i n t e r a c t i o n , magnetic, t e t r a v a l e n t Sn-119 i o n s , 416 H y p e r f i n e magnetic f i e l d s a c t i n g on Fe-57 n u c l e i , 419 a c t i n g on Sn-119 n u c l e i , 420 Hyperfine s p l i t t i n g c l a y f i l m s , 367-373 tempamine adsorbed on c l a y f i l m s , 372t I Illite a l k a l i and a l k a l i n e e a r t h m e t a l - i o n exchange, 274-278 i o n exchange, 256-283 p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange e q u i l i b r i a , 330-334 I l l i t e layers p o t a s s i u m k i n n e y , temperature e f f e c t s , 321t potassium smectites subjected t o w e t t i n g and d r y i n g , 308t,310 sodium k i n n e y , e f f e c t o f p o t a s s i u m m i n e r a l , 323t

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

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G E O C H E M I C A L P R O C E S S E S AT M I N E R A L S U R F A C E S

I l l i t e - s m e c t i t e i n t e r l a y e r s , cesium and r u b i d i u m exchange, 278-280 I n e f f i c i e n c y o f p a r t i t i o n i n g , 203-204 I n e l a s t i c electron tunneling s p e c t r o s c o p y , complexes adsorbed on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 353 Infrared spectroscopy complexes adsorbed on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 354 i n t e r l a y e r w a t e r , 45-48 I n n e r - s p h e r e mechanism r e d u c t i o n o f t e r v a l e n t m e t a l i o n by p h e n o l , 448,449f r e d u c t i v e d i s s o l u t i o n o f metal o x i d e s u r f a c e , 448,450f Inner-sphere surface r e a c t i o n , t r i p l e - l a y e r model, 123t Inorganic cations, clay minerals, homovalent exchange, 256-260 Inorganic surfaces, a d s o r p t i o n , 204-208 Integration rate constant, c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 607 I n t e r a c t i o n f r e e energy between two p l a t e s , 109-112 I n t e r a c t i o n parameter, s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , 534 Interaction potential, i n t e r f a c i a l water s i m u l a t i o n s , 23-28 I n t e r a c t i o n p o t e n t i a l energy, p a r t i c l e s i n a c e l l , 21 Intercalation e f f e c t o f a c i d i c p r o p e r t i e s , 250-252 k i n e t i c s , 244-252 m o l e c u l e s i n t o the i n t e r l a m e l l a r l a y e r , 244 Interdiffusion coefficient, N e r n s t - P l a n k e q u a t i o n , 592-593 I n t e r f a c i a l t e n s i o n , c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 607 I n t e r f a c i a l water s i m u l a t i o n s g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 28-32 i n t e r a c t i o n p o t e n t i a l s , 23-28 s u r f a c e p o t e n t i a l s , 25-28 water p o t e n t i a l s , 24-25 I n t e r l a y e r chemistry, potassium s m e c t i t e s s u b j e c t e d t o w e t t i n g and d r y i n g , 308t Interlayer distance, i n t e r c a l a t i o n s t u d i e s , 247-248t I n t e r l a y e r water c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , 45-48 heat c a p a c i t y measurements o f s t r u c t u r e , 48-50 I n t r i n s i c constants, d i v a l e n t metali o n b i n d i n g , 243t I n t r i n s i c surface reaction constants, d e t e r m i n a t i o n , 89-94 Ion(s) adsorption-desorption k i n e t i c s , 233-244

I o n ( s ) (Continued) e f f e c t on M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n i n the presence o f l e p i d o c r o c i t e , 492-497 m e t a l , a d s o r p t i o n on a l u m i n o s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s , 342-358 Ion exchange g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 7-9 use i n complex f o r m a t i o n c o n s t a n t measurement, 269-270 Ion-pair s t a b i l i t y constant, c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 606 Ion-sensitive f i e l d effect transistor ( I S F E T ) , 80 Ion s i z e , e f f e c t on r a t e s o f i n t e r c a l a t i o n , 245-250 Ion s p u t t e r i n g , m i n e r a l samples, 399 I o n i c a c t i v i t y products c a l c i u m phosphate s o l u t i o n s , 651 d i s t i n g u i s h i n g a d s o r p t i o n from s u r f a c e p r e c i p i t a t i o n , 220-222 I o n i c compound, g e n e r a l f o r m u l a , 524 Ionic solid solution g e n e r a l f o r m u l a , 524 i n c o n t a c t w i t h aqueous s o l u t i o n , 524-528 I o n i c s t r e n g t h , e f f e c t on a d s o r p t i o n of metal i o n s , 346 Iron-57, e l e c t r o n i c environment, 404-405 I r o n complexes, a d s o r p t i o n on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 354-356 I r o n ( I I I ) hydroxy s p e c i e s , p h o t o r e d u c t i o n , 429 Iron oxide e f f e c t o f c i t r a t e on d i s s o l u t i o n , 431-433 p h o t o d i s s o l u t i o n , 429-431,437t photoredox c h e m i s t r y , 429-441 photoredox r e a c t i o n s , 431 See a l s o Hematite and Lepidocrocite Iron oxyhydroxide, photodissolution p r o c e s s , 435 I r o n redox c h e m i s t r y , h e m a t i t e suspensions containing S ( I V ) , 432,434f I r o n - s a l i c y l a t e complex, CIR-FTIR spectrum, 157f Isotherm a n a l y s i s , macroscopic proton c o e f f i c i e n t , mathematical development, 187-188 Isotherm s u b t r a c t i o n , macroscopic proton c o e f f i c i e n t d e t e r m i n a t i o n , 172 Κ Kaolin minerals b e h a v i o r o f water on the s u r f a c e , 37-52

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

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INDEX

K a o l i n minerals (Continued) e x p e r i m e n t a l s t u d i e s o f adsorbed w a t e r , 43-50 Kaolinite groups o f exchange s i t e s , 336t h y d r o l y s i s o f p a r a t h i o n , 477 i o n exchange, 256-265 p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange e q u i l i b r i a , 330-334 K a o l i n i t e hydrates IR s p e c t r a , 45-48 s y n t h e s i s , 44-45 Kinetics a d s o r p t i o n - d e s o r p t i o n a t the m e t a l oxide-solution i n t e r f a c e , 230-252 c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n s u r f a c e - c o n t r o l l e d , 604-606 t r a n s p o r t - c o n t r o l l e d , 601-604 d i s s o l u t i o n a t e t c h p i t s , 638-639 e v i d e n c e f o r i n c r e a s e d Bronsted a c i d i t y a t c l a y s u r f a c e s , 476 i n t e r c a l a t i o n , 244-252 l e a d - i o n a d s o r p t i o n a t the goethite-water i n t e r f a c e , 127-132 methods, d i s t i n g u i s h i n g a d s o r p t i o n from s u r f a c e p r e c i p i t a t i o n , 222-224 mineral d i s s o l u t i o n experiments, p a r a b o l i c , 616-620 model, l e a d - i o n a d s o r p t i o n a t the goethite-water i n t e r f a c e , 125-127 reductive dissolution mechanisms, 451 s o r p t i o n , 208-211 s u r f a c e r e a c t i o n , 232-244 Kinney s m e c t i t e s , k i n e t i c s o f t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n toward i l l i t e , 314-317 Kurbatov c o e f f i c i e n t s , a d s o r p t i o n p r e d i c t i o n , 179-181 Kurbatov p l o t s , m a c r o s c o p i c p r o t o n c o e f f i c i e n t d e t e r m i n a t i o n , 169-172

L Langmuir e q u a t i o n , 219 Langmuir i s o t h e r m , s o l i d - a q u e o u s s o l u t i o n i n t e r f a c e , 167 L a t t i c e s t r u c t u r e , e f f e c t on r a t e s o f l i g a n d s u b s t i t u t i o n , 454-455 L a t t i c e s u b s t i t u t i o n , B a ( I I ) and S r ( I I ) on c a l c i t e , 576-579 Layer s i l i c a t e s adsorbed copper, 376-387 adsorbed n i t r o x i d e s p i n p r o b e s , 366-376 e x p a n s i o n i n w a t e r , 364 paramagnetic probes o f s u r f a c e s , 362-387

Lead i o n s , a d s o r p t i o n on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 349 Lead o x i d e m i n e r a l s , X-ray induced AES s p e c t r a , 398f L e a d h y d r o x y a p a t i t e , i n systems w i t h c a l c i u m h y d r o x y a p a t i t e , 554 Lennard-Jones p o t e n t i a l , i n t e r f a c i a l w a t e r s i m u l a t i o n s , 25-28 Lepidocrocite o x i d a t i o n o f M n ( I I ) , 487-500 photoredox c h e m i s t r y , 429-431 p r e p a r a t i o n and c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , 489 s u r f a c e p r o p e r t i e s , 489t See a l s o I r o n o x i d e Lewis a c i d i t y o f c l a y m i n e r a l s , r e a c t i o n p r o m o t i o n , 464-479 L i g a n d ( s ) , e f f e c t on a d s o r p t i o n o f m e t a l i o n s , 347-348 L i g a n d complexes, t r a n s i t i o n m e t a l i o n , 288 L i g a n d exchange e f f e c t on M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 492 r a t e i n p r e c u r s o r complex f o r m a t i o n , 454 L i g a n d number, a d s o r p t i o n r e a c t i o n s , 136-137 Light absorption metal o x i d e b u l k , 427-429 surface-located chromophores, 429-441 L i n e w i d t h s o f n i t r o x i d e ESR s p e c t r a , 370,371f L i n e a r growth r a t e , c r y s t a l s i n s o l u t i o n , 601,605 L i n e a r r a t e l a w , c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 608-609 L i q u i d water near h y d r o p h o b i c m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s , methods and l i m i t a t i o n s o f s i m u l a t i o n , 20-34 Low-temperature e t c h i n g , q u a r t z s u r f a c e s , 642

M M a c r o s c o p i c c o e f f i c i e n t s and s u r f a c e - s i t e h e t e r o g e n e i t y , 181 Macroscopic p a r t i t i o n i n g c o e f f i c i e n t s , m e t a l - i o n a d s o r p t i o n , 162-188 Macroscopic p r o p e r t i e s , canonical ensemble, 22 Macroscopic proton c o e f f i c i e n t d e s c r i p t i o n , 164-169 d e t e r m i n a t i o n , 169-186 m a t h e m a t i c a l development o f i s o t h e r m a n a l y s i s , 187-188 m i c r o s c o p i c s u b r e a c t i o n s , 181-185 r e l a t i o n t o pH and a d s o r p t i o n d e n s i t y , 172,175 Magnesite, i n s o l i d s o l u t i o n s i n c o n t a c t w i t h aqueous s o l u t i o n s , 540-544

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

G E O C H E M I C A L PROCESSES AT M I N E R A L S U R F A C E S

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Magnesium c a r b o n a t e , i n systems w i t h c a l c i u m c a r b o n a t e , 540-544 Magnesium c a t i o n a d s o r p t i o n on and i n t e r a c t i o n s w i t h the l e p i d o c r o c i t e s u r f a c e , 494t e f f e c t on M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 492-497 Magnesium i o n s e f f e c t on c a l c i u m phosphate c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n r a t e s , 657-661 e f f e c t on e l e c t r o p h o r e t i c m o b i l i t y o f h y d r o x y a p a t i t e , 657,658f Magnesium w h i t l o c k i t e , f o r m a t i o n , 555 M a g n e t i c i n t e r a c t i o n s on hematite s u r f a c e s , 414-416 Magnetic oxide s u r f a c e s , corundum-type, 416-419 Manganese n a t u r a l w a t e r s , removal t i m e s , 499t o x i d a t i o n s t a t e s , 487-488 Manganese-cobalt r a t i o s SIMS s t u d i e s o f c o b a l t complexes on b i r n e s s i t e , 514-519 XPS s t u d i e s o f c o b a l t complexes on b i r n e s s i t e , 507-514 Manganese i o n s , a d s o r p t i o n on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 350 Manganese(II) o x i d a t i o n comparison w i t h p r e d i c t i o n s based on l a b o r a t o r y d a t a , 499-500 i m p l i c a t i o n s of experimental s t u d i e s , 497-500 i n f l u e n c e o f o t h e r i o n s , 497-499 m e t a l o x i d e s , 491-492 presence o f l e p i d o c r o c i t e , 487-500 Manganese o x i d e s d i s s o l u t i o n , 438,440f r e a c t i o n s w i t h m e t a l s , 504 Mass a c t i o n e x p r e s s i o n s l i n e a r i z a t i o n , 170 s u r f a c e r e a c t i o n k i n e t i c s , 232 t r i p l e - l a y e r model s u r f a c e complexes, 118 Mass b a l a n c e s t u d i e s , f e l d s p a r w e a t h e r i n g , , 627-629 M a t h e m a t i c a l development o f i s o t h e r m a n a l y s i s , macroscopic proton c o e f f i c i e n t , 187-188 Mechanisms a d s o r p t i o n o f o r g a n i c s o l u t e s onto s u r f a c e s , 192-193 e l e c t r o l y t e c r y s t a l growth from aqueous s o l u t i o n , 600-611 l e a d - i o n a d s o r p t i o n a t the goethite-water i n t e r f a c e , 114-140 M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n on m e t a l o x i d e s , 492,493f oxide-electrolyte i n t e r f a c e , 55-56 s o r p t i o n p r o c e s s e s , 5-6

M e r c a p t a n s , o x i d a t i o n by a m e t a l o x i d e s u r f a c e , 456 M e r c a p t o a c e t i c a c i d , e f f e c t on dissolution of iron oxide, 44l,442f Mercury s u r f a c e , e q u a t i o n o f s t a t e , 100 M e t a l complexes, a d s o r p t i o n on a l u m i n o s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s , 342-358 Metal ions adsorbed c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , 348-353 r e a c t i o n s i n v o l v i n g , 355-357 adsorption a l u m i n o s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s , 342-358 Langmuirian d e s c r i p t i o n , 167 macroscopic p a r t i t i o n i n g c o e f f i c i e n t s , 162-188 mixtures of m u l t i p l e s o l i d phases, 178,179t complexes, r e d u c t i o n by o r g a n i c compounds, 446-447 divalent, adsorption-desorption k i n e t i c s , 241-244 r e d u c t i o n , XPS and AES, 390 M e t a l o r g a n i c complexes, p r e p a r a t i o n u s i n g c l a y m i n e r a l s , 356 Metal oxide(s) a d d i t i v e - f r e e media, p h o t o d i s s o l u t i o n , 429-431 b u l k , l i g h t a b s o r p t i o n , 427-429 c o l l o i d a l , photoredox c h e m i s t r y , 426-443 M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 491-492 photoredox r e a c t i o n s , 431 surfaces adsorption of organic reductants and subsequent e l e c t r o n t r a n s f e r , 446-460 e f f e c t on photoinduced redox r e a c t i o n s , 441-443 M n ( I I ) a d s o r p t i o n , 490-491 Metal o x i d e - s o l u t i o n i n t e r f a c e s adsorption-desorption k i n e t i c s , 230-252 i n s i t u Mossbauer s t u d i e s w i t h adsorbed Co-57 and Sb-119 i o n s , 403-423 M e t a l - p r o t o n exchange r e a c t i o n , 164 Mica number o f charges per u n i t c e l l , 26t p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange e q u i l i b r i a , 330-334 M i c r o s c o p i c s u b r e a c t i o n s and macroscopic p r o t o n c o e f f i c i e n t s , 181-185 Mineral(s) a l u m i n o s i l i c a t e , potassiumc a l c i u m exchange e q u i l i b r i a , 330-334 c h e m i c a l bonding s t u d i e s , applications of surface t e c h n i q u e s , 389-401

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

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INDEX

M i n e r a l ( s ) (Continued) clay, highly selective ion exchange, 256-283 o x i d a t i o n of organic compounds, 480-483 used i n w e t t i n g and d r y i n g e x p e r i m e n t s , d e s c r i p t i o n , 300t M i n e r a l phases c a l c i f i e d t i s s u e s , 557t d e n t a l c a l c u l u s , 557t Mineral surfaces a b i o t i c o r g a n i c r e a c t i o n s , 462-483 overview o f geochemical p r o c e s s e s , 2-14 s o r p t i o n , 204-208 Mineral-water i n t e r f a c e p h y s i c a l p r o p e r t i e s , 3-5 t r a n s f o r m a t i o n r e a c t i o n s , 13-14 M i n e r a l o g y , o x i d e , e f f e c t on r e d u c t i v e d i s s o l u t i o n , 458-459 Mixed a d s o r b a t e s , d e f i n i t i o n , 218 Modes o f c o p r e c i p i t a t i o n o f B a ( I I ) and S r ( I I ) w i t h c a l c i t e , 574-585 M o i s t u r e content e f f e c t on Bronsted a c i d i t y o f c l a y m i n e r a l s , 472 e f f e c t on Bronsted s u r f a c e a c i d i t y , 476-477 M o l e c u l a r dynamics simulations of i n t e r f a c i a l systems, 22-23 s i m u l a t i o n s o f i n t e r f a c i a l w a t e r , 33 s i m u l a t i o n s o f water near hydrophobic s u r f a c e s , 29t Molecular l e v e l d e s c r i p t i o n of r e d u c t i v e d i s s o l u t i o n , 451-459 Molecular simulations of i n t e r f a c i a l w a t e r , m e r i t s and s t r e n g t h s , 32 M o l e c u l e - f i x e d axes, a n i s o t r o p i c motion o f s p i n probes on hydrated s m e c t i t e s , 373 M o n o p r o t i c s u r f a c e groups g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 62-63 model, i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f d a t a , 75 Monte C a r l o s i m u l a t i o n s i n t e r f a c i a l systems, 22 i n t e r f a c i a l water, f u t u r e u s e s , 33 water near hydrophobic s u r f a c e s , 28t Montmorillonites cesium and r u b i d i u m exchange, 278-280 groups o f exchange s i t e s , 335t h y d r o l y s i s o f phosmet, 477-478 i o n exchange, 256-283 o r i e n t a t i o n dependence o f h y p e r f i n e s p l i t t i n g , 370-371f potassium-calcium exchange e q u i l i b r i a , 330-334 Mossbauer s t u d i e s , m e t a l oxide-aqueous solution interfaces p r i n c i p l e s , 403-405 w i t h adsorbed i o n s , 403-423

Multilayer adsorption d e f i n i t i o n , 218 w a t e r , 41-43 M u l t i p l e t s p l i t t i n g , XPS, 395

Ν N a t u r a l o r g a n i c m a t t e r - w a t e r systems, p a r t i t i o n i n g , 196-197 Nernst-Plank equation, i n t e r d i f f u s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t , 592-593 Net p r o t o n r e l e a s e and l i g a n d number, a d s o r p t i o n r e a c t i o n s , 136-137 Nitrogen p h o t o f i x a t i o n , a b i o l o g i c a l , 428-429 XPS s t u d i e s o f c o b a l t complexes on b i r n e s s i t e , 507-514 N i t r o x i d e s p i n probes adsorbed on l a y e r s i l i c a t e s , 366-376 ESR s p e c t r a , 367,369f Nonidealities humic polymers, 197-203 w a t e r - s a t u r a t e d o c t a n o l , 195-196 N u c l e a t i o n c o n t r o l , c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 605 0

O b s i d i a n , cesium and r u b i d i u m u p t a k e , 588-591 O c c l u s i o n , r e l a t i o n t o t h e speed o f f o r m a t i o n o f a p r e c i p i t a t e , 539 O c t a c a l c i u m phosphate, e f f e c t o f magnesium and s t r o n t i u m i o n s on c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n , 657-661 Octanol, water-saturated, n o n i d e a l i t i e s , 195-196 O c t a n o l - w a t e r systems, p a r t i t i o n i n g , 194-195 O l i v i n e s , s t r u c t u r a l f o r m u l a , 533 Order parameter s o l i d s o l u t i o n s of calcium carbonate and magnesium c a r b o n a t e , 542 s u r f a c e s , 372 O r d e r i n g , s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , 534-535 O r g a n i c ammonium c a t i o n exchange, c l a y m i n e r a l s , 260-262 O r g a n i c c a t i o n exchange, c l a y m i n e r a l s , 273-274 O r g a n i c compounds i n f l u e n c e o f m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s on s o r p t i o n , 206,207f o x i d a t i o n by o x i d e s and p r i m a r y m i n e r a l s , 480-483 s o r p t i o n processes, 7 O r g a n i c c o s o l v e n t s , e f f e c t on humic p o l y m e r s , 202-203 O r g a n i c l i g a n d s , e f f e c t on a d s o r p t i o n o f m e t a l i o n s , 347-348 Organic matter, s o i l s , r o l e i n r e a c t i o n s a t m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s , 479

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

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G E O C H E M I C A L PROCESSES AT M I N E R A L SURFACES

O r g a n i c m a t t e r - w a t e r systems, p a r t i t i o n i n g , 196-197 Organic-phase n o n i d e a l i t i e s , 197-200 O r g a n i c r a d i c a l scavengers, photoredox r e a c t i o n s o f metal o x i d e s , 431 Organic r e a c t i o n s a b i o t i c , m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s , 462-483 a f f e c t e d by s u r f a c e B r o n s t e d a c i d i t y o f c l a y m i n e r a l s , 475t a f f e c t e d by s u r f a c e Lewis a c i d i t y o f c l a y m i n e r a l s , 466t Organic r e d u c t a n t s , a d s o r p t i o n and subsequent e l e c t r o n t r a n s f e r on metal o x i d e s u r f a c e s , 446-460 O r g a n i c r e s i d u e s , e f f e c t on potassium s e l e c t i v i t y i n s o i l s , 337-338 Organic s o l u t e s a d s o r p t i o n onto s u r f a c e s , 192-193 h y d r o p h o b i c , s o r p t i o n by sediments, 191-213 Osmotic c o e f f i c i e n t , KCl-KBr-water system, 566-567 O u t e r - s p h e r e mechanism r e d u c t i o n o f t e r v a l e n t metal i o n by p h e n o l , 448,449f r e d u c t i v e d i s s o l u t i o n o f metal o x i d e s u r f a c e , 448,450f Outer-sphere surface r e a c t i o n , t r i p l e - l a y e r model, 123t Oxidation b e n z i d i n e i n the presence o f v a r i o u s c l a y s , 467-468 C o ( I I ) t o C o ( I I I ) d u r i n g s o r p t i o n on b i r n e s s i t e , 510-511 manganese(II) i n n a t u r a l w a t e r s , 497-500 i n sodium p e r c h l o r a t e and sodium c h l o r i d e , 497t i n the presence o f l e p i d o c r o c i t e , 487-500 on metal o x i d e s , 491-492 mercaptans by a metal o x i d e s u r f a c e , 456 o r g a n i c compounds by o x i d e s and primary m i n e r a l s , 480-483 Oxidation polymerization reactions, m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s , 468-471 Oxidation reactions, mineral s u r f a c e s , 464,467-468 O x i d a t i o n s t a t e s , manganese, 487-488 Oxide(s) c o m p o s i t i o n , e f f e c t on r a t e s o f l i g a n d s u b s t i t u t i o n , 454-455 m i n e r a l o g y , e f f e c t on r e d u c t i v e d i s s o l u t i o n , 458-459 oxidation of organic compounds, 480-483 s t e r n c a p a c i t a n c e , 89,91 Oxide-electrolyte interface g e o c h e m i s t r y , 55-59 t h e o r y , 79-96

Oxide-solution interface f r e e e n e r g i e s o f e l e c t r i c a l double l a y e r s , 99-112 r e a c t i o n s , c h e m i c a l and e l e c t r o s t a t i c models, 54-77 Oxide s u r f a c e c h e m i c a l r e a c t i o n s , 59-61 e q u a t i o n o f s t a t e , 100-102 Oxygen e f f e c t on d i s s o l u t i o n o f manganese o x i d e , 438,440f i s o t o p i c d a t a f o r s m e c t i t e s , 319t Ρ

Parabolic k i n e t i c s , mineral d i s s o l u t i o n experiments, 616-620 P a r a b o l i c r a t e law, c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 608-611 Paramagnetic probes o f l a y e r s i l i c a t e s u r f a c e , 362-387 P a r a t h i o n , h y d r o l y s i s on k a o l i n i t e s , 477 P a r t i c l e s i n a c e l l , i n t e r a c t i o n s , 21 Partitioning metal between s o l i d and s o l u t i o n , 165 t r a c e elements i n t o c a l c i t e , 584-585 Partitioning coefficients as a f u n c t i o n o f pH and a d s o r p t i o n d e n s i t y , 175-178 d e f i n i t i o n , 201-202 m e t a l - i o n a d s o r p t i o n , 162-188 r e l a t i o n t o macroscopic proton c o e f f i c i e n t s , 165-169 P a r t i t i o n i n g e q u i l i b r i u m constant, d e f i n i t i o n , 201 P a r t i t i o n i n g experiments B a ( I I ) i n t o c a l c i t e , 577-583 S r ( I I ) i n t o c a l c i t e , 575-576 P a r t i t i o n i n g theory, l i m i t a t i o n s , 203-208 P a r t i t i o n i n g thermodynamics, 194-197 P e n e t r a t i o n depths, comparison w i t h d i f f u s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s , 593 P e n t a v a l e n t Sb-119, on h e m a t i t e , 409-414 P e n t a v a l e n t Sb-119 i o n s , on h e m a t i t e , 420-423 Pétrographie o b s e r v a t i o n s , weathered f e l d s p a r , 620-623 pH amphoteric surface w i t h complexation model, 87-89 c u r v e s , i n t e r p r e t a t i o n , 91,94 dependence o f a d s o r p t i o n o f metal i o n s , 347 dependence o f c h e m i c a l s t r u c t u r e o f adsorbed p e n t a v a l e n t Sb-119, 411 dependence o f phosphate a d s o r p t i o n , 237,238f

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

INDEX

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pH

677

(Continued) e f f e c t on copper a d s o r p t i o n on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 351 e f f e c t on s o r p t i o n o f c o b a l t complexes on sodium b i r n e s s i t e , 507-519 e f f e c t s on d i v a l e n t Co-57 i o n s on h e m a t i t e , 419 e f f e c t s on p e n t a v a l e n t Sb-119 i o n s on h e m a t i t e , 420 importance i n the t h e o r y o f the oxide-electrolyte i n t e r f a c e , 79-96 r e l a t i o n t o macroscopic p r o t o n c o e f f i c i e n t , 172,175 r e l a t i o n to p a r t i t i o n i n g c o e f f i c i e n t , 175-178 Phenol CIR-FTIR spectrum, 156f p o l y m e r i z a t i o n through r a d i c a l c a t i o n s , 468-469 Phosmet, h y d r o l y s i s by m o n t m o r i l l o n i t e , 477-478 Phosphate b i d e n t a t e a d s o r p t i o n on g o e t h i t e , 148 c a l c i u m , g r o w t h , 650-661 e f f e c t on M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 492-497 pH dependence o f a d s o r p t i o n , 237,238f s o r p t i o n by c a l c i t e , 224 Photoacoustic spectroscopy, monitoring o f s u r f a c e s p e c i e s , 357 Photocatalyzed r e a c t i o n s , semiconducting metal oxide s u r f a c e s , 428 Photodissolution of iron oxide, measured and f i t t e d p a r a m e t e r s , 437t P h o t o d i s s o l u t i o n o f metal o x i d e s i n a d d i t i v e - f r e e media, 429-431 P h o t o f i x a t i o n , n i t r o g e n , 428-429 Photolysis of surface-located inner c o o r d i n a t i o n sphere complexes, 431-441 P h o t o m i c r o g r a p h s , SEM, q u a r t z s u r f a c e s , 641f,643,646f Photopeaks f o r n i t r o g e n , XPS s t u d i e s o f c o b a l t complexes on b i r n e s s i t e , 507-514 Photoredox c h e m i s t r y o f c o l l o i d a l metal o x i d e s , 426-443 Photoredox r e a c t i o n s o f metal o x i d e s i n t h e presence o f o r g a n i c r a d i c a l s c a v e n g e r s , 431 P h o t o r e d u c t i o n , XPS and AES, 390 P h t h a l a t e , e f f e c t on M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 492-497 P h t h a l i c a c i d , e f f e c t on d i s s o l u t i o n o f i r o n o x i d e , 438 P h y l l o s i l i c a t e minerals, p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange e q u i l i b r i a , 330-334

P h y s i c a l p r o p e r t i e s of the m i n e r a l - w a t e r i n t e r f a c e , 3-5 P i t d e n s i t i e s , quartz s u r f a c e s , 640-642 P i t f o r m a t i o n , t h e o r y , 636-638 P i t growth r a t e s , q u a r t z s u r f a c e s , 642-645 Plagiclase feldspars, susceptibility t o w e a t h e r i n g , 616 P l a n a r double l a y e r s , i n t e r a c t i o n f r e e energy, 109-112 P l a t e l e t , l a y e r s i l i c a t e s , 362-363f P o l a r i z a b i l i t y , c a t i o n s , i o n exchange i n c l a y m i n e r a l s , 265-274 P o l y m e r i c metal i o n s , f o r m a t i o n on m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s , 348 Polymerization reactions, oxidative, a t m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s , 468-471 P o l y m e r s , humic, n o n i d e a l i t i e s , 197-203 Potassium-bearing minerals, r e a c t i o n w i t h sodium k i n n e y , 320-322 Potassium bromide-potassium c h l o r i d e aqueous system, 561-573 P o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange e q u i l i b r i a i n a l u m i n o s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s and s o i l s , 327-339 Potassium c h l o r i d e , e f f e c t on hydroxyapatite c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n r a t e , 655-657 Potassium-exchanged s m e c t i t e s w i t h o u t w e t t i n g and d r y i n g , b e h a v i o r , 303 Potassium f i x a t i o n i n s m e c t i t e background, 297-298 by w e t t i n g and d r y i n g , 296-324 m a t e r i a l s and methods, 299-302 P o t a s s i u m - i o n exchange i n Y z e o l i t e , 285 Potassium k i n n e y r e a c t i o n , e f f e c t o f temperature, 320 P o t a s s i u m n i t r a t e , e f f e c t on hydroxyapatite c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n r a t e , 655-657 Potassium s m e c t i t e s e f f e c t o f s o l u t i o n c o m p o s i t i o n on r e a c t i o n s , 317-320 response t o w e t t i n g and d r y i n g i n w a t e r , 303-317 X-ray d i f f r a c t i o n p a t t e r n s , 303-310 Potential r e l a t i o n s h i p t o charge, e l e c t r i c double l a y e r , 233 See a l s o S u r f a c e p o t e n t i a l P o t e n t i a l energy o f i n t e r a c t i o n s , p a r t i c l e s i n a c e l l , 21 P r e c i p i t a t e f o r m a t i o n , o c c l u s i o n , 539 Precipitation c a l c i u m carbonate-magnesium carbonate system, 544 c a l c i u m phosphate, 651 d e f i n i t i o n , 217 g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 11-12

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

G E O C H E M I C A L PROCESSES AT MINERAL SURFACES

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P r e c u r s o r complex f o r m a t i o n between r e d u c t a n t m o l e c u l e s and o x i d e s u r f a c e s i t e s , 453-455 r a t e , 455 P r e d i c t i o n o f growth r a t e s , c r y s t a l s i n s o l u t i o n , 607-610 Pressure-jump a p p a r a t u s w i t h c o n d u c t i v i t y d e t e c t i o n , 133-135 Pressure-jump k i n e t i c e x p e r i m e n t s , l e a d - i o n adsorption a t the g o e t h i t e - w a t e r i n t e r f a c e , 128-132 Probes o f l a y e r s i l i c a t e s u r f a c e s , p a r a m a g n e t i c , 362-387 P r o t o n a d s o r p t i o n on g o e t h i t e , t i t r a t i o n calorimetry r e s u l t s , 146-147 Proton c o e f f i c i e n t a d s o r p t i o n p r e d i c t i o n , 179-181 comparison, I85t c o n d i t i o n a l , I68t m a c r o s c o p i c d e s c r i p t i o n s , 164-169 See a l s o M a c r o s c o p i c p r o t o n coefficient Proton-exchange r e a c t i o n , m e t a l , 164 P r o t o n s t o i c h i o m e t r y a t v a r i a b l e pH and a d s o r p t i o n d e n s i t y , 162-188 P r o t o n a t i o n o f b e n z i d i n e , 468 Protonation-deprotonation reactions, hydrated metal oxide surface s i t e s , 453 P r o t o n i c surface charge, d i p r o t i c s u r f a c e group model, 71-72 P r o v i s i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s and a c t i v i t y c o e f f i c i e n t s , KCl-KBr-water system, 568t P r o v i s i o n a l equilibrium constants, KCl-KBr-water system, 568t P y r i d i n i u m and b i p y r i d i u m s a l t s , e n t h a l p i e s o f exchange, 275t Q Q u a r t z , d i s l o c a t i o n e t c h p i t s , 635-647 Q u a r t z s u r f a c e s , SEM photomicrographs, 641f,643f,646f R R a d i c a l scavengers, organic, photoredox r e a c t i o n s o f m e t a l o x i d e s , 431 Radionuclide d i f f u s i o n , a l k a l i , r o l e i n g l a s s y and c r y s t a l l i n e s i l i c a t e s , 587-597 Rapid k i n e t i c s , s o r p t i o n p r o c e s s , 224 Rate e t c h p i t f o r m a t i o n , 638 f e l d s p a r w e a t h e r i n g , 626-629 M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 488,491,497 p i t growth, q u a r t z s u r f a c e s , 642-645 p r e c u r s o r complex f o r m a t i o n , 455-456

Rate c o n s t a n t s a d s o r p t i o n - d e s o r p t i o n o f phosphate and chromate, 239t adsorption-desorption of p o t e n t i a l - d e t e r m i n i n g i o n s , 234t a d s o r p t i o n - d e s o r p t i o n o f the c o u n t e r i o n , 237t i n t e r c a l a t i o n s t u d i e s , 247-248t k i n e t i c model o f l e a d - i o n a d s o r p t i o n , 127,132 M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 495 Rate c o n t r o l c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 601 m i n e r a l d i s s o l u t i o n , 620 Rate laws, e l e c t r o l y t e c r y s t a l growth from aqueous s o l u t i o n , 600-611 Reaction(s) and e q u i l i b r i u m e x p r e s s i o n s , t r i p l e - l a y e r model, 123t i n v o l v i n g m e t a l i o n s adsorbed on m i n e r a l s , 355-357 promoted by the Lewis and B r o n s t e d a c i d i t y of clay m i n e r a l s , 464-479 Reaction k i n e t i c s , d i s t i n g u i s h i n g a d s o r p t i o n from s u r f a c e p r e c i p i t a t i o n , 223-224 R e a c t i o n p a t t e r n s , w e t t i n g and d r y i n g o f p o t a s s i u m s m e c t i t e s , 310 Reaction quotients, d i p r o t i c surface group model, 69-71 R e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n i n the K C l - K B r - w a t e r system, 561-573 Redox d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t i o n , d e f i n i t i o n , 468 Reduced m a g n e t i z a t i o n , s u r f a c e f e r r i c i o n s , 414 Reduced s u r f a c e s i t e s , d i s s o l u t i o n , 457-458 Reduction m e t a l i o n , XPS and AES, 390 m e t a l i o n complexes by o r g a n i c compounds, 446-447 Reduction p o t e n t i a l s , t r a n s i t i o n metal o x i d e - h y d r o x i d e s , 448t Reductive d i s s o l u t i o n d e s c r i p t i o n on a m o l e c u l a r l e v e l , 451-459 e f f e c t o f o x i d e m i n e r a l o g y , 458-459 m e t a l o x i d e s u r f a c e s , 448-451 r e a c t i o n scheme, 447-448 Regular s o l i d s o l u t i o n s d i s t r i b u t i o n l a w s , 531-532 s u b s t i t u t i o n a l d i s o r d e r , 534 R e l a x a t i o n methods adsorption-desorption k i n e t i c s at the m e t a l o x i d e - s o l u t i o n i n t e r f a c e , 230-252 See a l s o Chemical r e l a x a t i o n methods

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

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INDEX

R e l a x a t i o n time adsorption-desorption k i n e t i c s , concentration dependence, 233-239 adsorption-desorption of divalent metal i o n s , 243 d i f f u s i o n r e a c t i o n , 236 d i v a l e n t Co-57 i o n s on h e m a t i t e , 420 i n t e r c a l a t i o n k i n e t i c s , 244-245 R e l a x a t i o n time c o n s t a n t s lead-ion adsorption at the goethite-water i n t e r f a c e , 128-132 r e l a t i o n s h i p t o the c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f the r e a c t i n g s p e c i e s , 138-139 Removal t i m e s , manganese i n n a t u r a l w a t e r s , 499t R e s i d u a l l a y e r c o m p o s i t i o n s , weathered f e l d s p a r , 623-625 Reversibility i o n exchange i n c l a y m i n e r a l s , 280,283 i o n exchange i n z e o l i t e s , 290 Roozeboom c l a s s i f i c a t i o n , systems o f two isomorphous s a l t s , 525-527 Rubidium calculation of diffusion parameters, 592-594 exchange i n i l l i t e - s m e c t i t e i n t e r l a y e r s and i n m o n t m o r i l l o n i t e s , 278-280 high-temperature d i f f u s i o n s t u d i e s , 595 uptake by o b s i d i a n , 588,589

S Salicylate a d s o r p t i o n on g o e t h i t e , 148-150 CIR-FTIR spectrum, 156f complex w i t h i r o n , CIR-FTIR spectrum, 157f e f f e c t on M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 492-497 S a l i c y l i c a c i d , e f f e c t on i r o n o x i d e d i s s o l u t i o n r a t e , 435,436f Sand g r a i n s from bedrock, s u r f a c e m o r p h o l o g i e s , 642,643f S a p o n i t e , ESR s p e c t r a , 371f,372 S a p o n i t e f i l m s , copper-doped, ESR s p e c t r a , 379,382f S a t e l l i t e s t r u c t u r e , XPS, 392 Scanning e l e c t r o n m i c r o s c o p i c s t u d i e s , weathered f e l d s p a r s , 625 Scanning e l e c t r o n p h o t o m i c r o g r a p h s , quartz s u r f a c e s , 641f,643f,646f Seawater, M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 498-499 Secondary i o n mass s p e c t r o s c o p y (SIMS), c o b a l t complex i n t e r a c t i o n s on b i r n e s s i t e , 506 Sediments, s o r p t i o n o f h y d r o p h o b i c o r g a n i c s o l u t e s , 191-213

Seeds used t o i n i t i a t e c a l c i t e g r o w t h , 583 S e l e c t i v e i o n exchange i n c l a y m i n e r a l s and z e o l i t e s , 254-290 Selectivity a d s o r p t i o n o f metal i o n s , 346 a l k a l i m e t a l c a t i o n s , 277 p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange, 330-331 S e l e c t i v i t y - c o m p l e x formation f u n c t i o n , 270 Semiconducting metal oxide s u r f a c e s , p h o t o c a t a l y z e d r e a c t i o n s , 428 Semiconducting p r o p e r t i e s of t r a n s i t i o n metal o x i d e s , importance i n r e d u c t i v e d i s s o l u t i o n , 459 Semiconductors, e l e c t r i c a l c o n d u c t i o n , 427 Silicate(s) e f f e c t on M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 492-497 g l a s s y and c r y s t a l l i n e , r o l e o f near-surface a l k a l i r a d i o n u c l i d e , 587-597 See a l s o C l a y s S i l i c a t e c l a y s , groups o f exchange s i t e s , 332t S i l i c a t e minerals, adsorption of w a t e r , 50-51 S i l i c a t e s u r f a c e s , paramagnetic p r o b e s , 362-387 Silicon Auger p a r a m e t e r s , 400t e f f e c t o f c o n c e n t r a t i o n on e t c h p i t d e n s i t i e s on q u a r t z s u r f a c e s , 640-642 S i l v e r - s o d i u m exchange i n NaY z e o l i t e , 283-285 Simple i d e a l s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , d i s t r i b u t i o n laws, 527-530 S i m u l a t i n g l i q u i d water near hydrophobic mineral s u r f a c e s , methods and l i m i t a t i o n s , 20-34 S i m u l a t i o n approaches, g e n e r a l , 21-23 Simulations of i n t e r f a c i a l w a t e r , 28-32 Site density of goethite, e s t i m a t i o n , 115-117 Slow k i n e t i c s , s o r p t i o n p r o c e s s , 224 Smectites adsorbed w a t e r , 41 angle o f t e t r a h e d r a l r o t a t i o n , 310,314 oxygen i s o t o p i c d a t a , 319t p o t a s s i u m f i x a t i o n by w e t t i n g and d r y i n g , 296-324 s t r u c t u r e , 38,39f,344 s u r f a c e s , number o f charges per u n i t c e l l , 26t w e t t i n g and d r y i n g e x p e r i m e n t s c h e m i c a l a n a l y s e s , 301t s t r u c t u r a l f o r m u l a s , 302t w i t h exchangeable c a t i o n s , 364

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

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Sodium c h l o r i d e , e f f e c t on hydroxyapatite c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n r a t e , 655-657 Sodium-ion exchange i n Y z e o l i t e , 285 Sodium-ion s a t u r a t e d l a y e r s i l i c a t e c l a y s , u n i t c e l l formulas and s o u r c e s , 365t Sodium k i n n e y , r e a c t i o n w i t h potassium-bearing m i n e r a l s , 320-322 Sodium p e r c h l o r a t e , M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 497-498 S o d i u m - s i l v e r exchange i n NaY z e o l i t e , 283-285 Soils groups o f exchange s i t e s , 337t p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange e q u i l i b r i a , 334-338 r o l e of organic matter i n r e a c t i o n s a t m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s , 479 Solid-phase mixtures, metal-ion a d s o r p t i o n , 178,179t Solid solution(s) d i s t r i b u t i o n laws and s u b s t i t u t i o n a l d i s o r d e r , 533-558 g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 12-13 i d e a l , d i s t r i b u t i o n laws, 527-530 i o n i c , i n c o n t a c t w i t h aqueous s o l u t i o n s , 524-558 r e g u l a r , d i s t r i b u t i o n l a w s , 531-532 s o l u b i l i t y b e h a v i o r , 536-537t S o l i d solution-aqueous s o l u t i o n systems, approach t o e q u i l i b r i u m , 561-573 Solubility h y d r o x y a p a t i t e systems, 544-552 KCl-KBr-water system, 561-573 s o l i d solution i n equilibrium with aqueous s o l u t i o n of i t s i o n s , 541 s o l i d s o l u t i o n s , 536-537t s o l u t e i n the presence o f d i s s o l v e d humic m a t e r i a l , 201 S o l u b i l i t y methods, d i s t i n g u i s h i n g a d s o r p t i o n from s u r f a c e p r e c i p i t a t i o n , 218-222 S o l u b i l i t y product e q u i l i b r i u m between an i o n i c compound and an aqueous s o l u t i o n , 524-525 e q u i l i b r i u m between an i o n i c s o l i d s o l u t i o n and an aqueous s o l u t i o n , 525 S o l u b i l i t y product c o n s t a n t s , d i v a l e n t m e t a l - i o n h y d r o x i d e s , 458t S o l u b i l i z a t i o n , hematite suspensions c o n t a i n i n g S ( I V ) , 432,434f Solute a d s o r p t i o n , macroscopic d e s c r i p t i o n s , 164-169 S o l u t i o n complex f o r m a t i o n , e f f e c t on M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 492

S o l u t i o n composition e f f e c t on the r e a c t i o n s o f p o t a s s i u m s m e c t i t e s , 317-320 i n f l u e n c e on f e l d s p a r w e a t h e r i n g r a t e s , 615-632 Solution concentration of potential-determining ions, Boltzmann d i s t r i b u t i o n , 101 Solution-metal oxide i n t e r f a c e adsorption-desorption k i n e t i c s , 230-252 f r e e e n e r g i e s o f e l e c t r i c a l double l a y e r s , 99-112 Solution-phase r e a c t i o n s , surface c o m p l e x a t i o n models, l63t Sorbent p r o p e r t i e s used t o e s t i m a t e the time to e q u i l i b r i u m , 211t Sorption c o b a l t complexes on sodium birnessite s u r f a c e a n a l y s i s , 507-519 XPS, 507-514 h y d r o p h o b i c o r g a n i c s o l u t e s by s e d i m e n t s , 191-213 m i n e r a l s u r f a c e s , 204-211 o r g a n i c compounds, 7 See a l s o A d s o r p t i o n S o r p t i o n processes d e f i n i t i o n , 217 mechanisms, 5-6 t y p e s , 343 S p e c t r a l s h i f t s i n sorbed m o l e c u l e s , e f f e c t o f m e t a l o x i d e s , 441 Spectroscopic techniques, s t u d i e s of s u r f a c e a d s o r p t i o n , 343-344 Speed r u n s , c o p r e c i p i t a t i o n o f B a ( I I ) and S r ( I I ) w i t h c a l c i t e , 579-583 S p i n d e n s i t i e s on m e t a l i o n s , magnetic metal o x i d e s , 414 Spin l e v e l s , electron i n t e r a c t i n g with a n i t r o g e n atom, 367,368f S p i n - o r b i t s p l i t t i n g , XPS, 395 S p i n s t a t e s o f copper i o n , energy l e v e l diagram, 376,378f S p i n system, a x i a l l y symmetric, ESR s p e c t r a , 379,381f S p i r a l step c o n t r o l , s u r f a c e , c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 605-606 S p l i t t i n g s p i n o r b i t and m u l t i p l e t , XPS, 395 S p u t t e r i n g t e c h n i q u e , to produce e l e m e n t a l p r o f i l e s w i t h d e p t h , 590 S t a b i l i z a t i o n f a c t o r , complex c a t i o n exchange, 270 S t a t i c d i e l e c t r i c constant, i n t e r f a c i a l w a t e r , 30-31 S t e r e o c h e m i c a l arrangements, copper-aquo complexes i n l a y e r s i l i c a t e s , 383,385f S t e r e o c h e m i s t r y and d - o r b i t a l energy diagram, copper adsorbed on l a y e r s i l i c a t e s , 376,378f

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

681

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INDEX

S t e r e o s e l e c t i v e i n t e r c a l a t i o n , 245-250 S t e r n c a p a c i t a n c e on o x i d e s , 89-91 S t e r n model, e l e c t r i c double l a y e r , 64-67 Stoichiometric saturation, KCl-KBr-water system, 564 S t o i c h i o m e t r i c versus nonstoichiometric dissolution, elements o f f e l d s p a r , 619-620 S t o i c h i o m e t r y o f s u r f a c e complexes, importance i n determining e l e c t r o n - t r a n s f e r r a t e , 456-457 Streaming p o t e n t i a l , d e f i n i t i o n , 222 Strontium calculation of diffusion parameters, 592-594 high-temperature diffusion s t u d i e s , 595 Strontium(II) e f f e c t on B a ( I I ) p a r t i t i o n i n g e x p e r i m e n t s , 579 i n c o r p o r a t i o n i n t o c a l c i t e , 575-576 modes o f c o p r e c i p i t a t i o n w i t h c a l c i t e , 574-585 S t r o n t i u m i o n s , e f f e c t on c a l c i u m phosphate c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n , 657-661 S t r o n t i u m h y d r o x y a p a t i t e , i n systems w i t h c a l c i u m h y d r o x y a p a t i t e , 554 Structural differences, a l k a l i glasses and c r y s t a l l i n e s i l i c a t e s , 595 Subreactions, r e l a t i o n t o macroscopic p r o t o n c o e f f i c i e n t s , 181-185 Substitutional disorder, solid s o l u t i o n s , 533-558 S u l f a t e , e f f e c t on M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 492-497 S u l f u r and copper XPS s p e c t r a , c h a l c o c i t e , 394f S u p e r s a t u r a t i o n , c a l c i u m phosphate s o l u t i o n s , 651 S u p e r t r a n s f e r r e d h y p e r f i n e magnetic f i e l d , a c t i n g on t h e s u r f a c e Sn-119 i o n s , 416-419 Surface(s) a c c e l e r a t i o n o f Mn(II) o x i d a t i o n , 488 l a y e r s i l i c a t e , paramagnetic probes, 362-387 mineral, a b i o t i c organic r e a c t i o n s , 462-483 Surface a n a l y s i s , s o r p t i o n of c o b a l t complexes on sodium b i r n e s s i t e , 507-519 S u r f a c e area assessment, 345 e f f e c t o f i n c r e a s e s on m i n e r a l d i s s o l u t i o n e x p e r i m e n t s , 623 i n f l u e n c e on f e l d s p a r w e a t h e r i n g r a t e s , 615-632 S u r f a c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , i n f l u e n c e on f e l d s p a r w e a t h e r i n g r a t e s , 615-632

Surface c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , c o b a l t complex i n t e r a c t i o n s on b i r n e s s i t e , 503-521 S u r f a c e charge a l u m i n o s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s , 344-345 amphoteric s u r f a c e with complexation model, 86-87 amphoteric s u r f a c e without c o m p l e x a t i o n model, 84-85 t r i p l e - l a y e r model s u r f a c e complexes, 118-119 S u r f a c e charge d e n s i t y adsorption-desorption of divalent metal i o n s , 241,243 d i f f u s e d o u b l e l a y e r , 102-103 oxide-solution interface equilibrium p o i n t , 103-106 o x i d e s u r f a c e , 101-102 S u r f a c e charge-pH c u r v e s , i n t e r p r e t a t i o n , 91,94 S u r f a c e c h e m i c a l r e a c t i o n mechanism, r e d u c t i v e d i s s o l u t i o n o f metal o x i d e s u r f a c e s , 448-451 S u r f a c e complex(es) e f f e c t o f f o r m a t i o n on M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 492 t r i p l e - l a y e r model, 118-120 S u r f a c e c o m p l e x a t i o n models oxide-solution interface r e a c t i o n s , 59-63 solid-solution interface i n t e r a c t i o n s , 162-164 S u r f a c e c o m p o s i t i o n , weathered f e l d s p a r s , 623-625 Surface c o n c e n t r a t i o n s , amphoteric surface without complexation model, 82-83 Surface-controlled kinetics, crystal growth i n s o l u t i o n , 604-606 S u r f a c e c o v e r a g e , o r g a n i c compounds on metal o x i d e s u r f a c e s , 455-456 S u r f a c e d e n s i t y , d i f f u s e double l a y e r , 102-103 Surface d i s s o c i a t i o n constant, d i p r o t i c s u r f a c e group model, 71 Surface e q u i l i b r i u m constants, d e t e r m i n a t i o n , 89-94 S u r f a c e h y d r a t i o n , e f f e c t on a l k a l i d i f f u s i o n , 597 S u r f a c e - l o c a t e d chromophores, l i g h t absorption i n c o r p o r a t i n g the oxide l a t t i c e m e t a l , 429-441 Surface-located inner coordination sphere complexes, p h o t o l y s i s , 431-441 S u r f a c e measurements as p a r t o f a g e o c h e m i c a l s t u d y , advantages, 390 Surface n u c l e a t i o n c o n t r o l , c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 605 S u r f a c e o r d e r i n g parameter, 372

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

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G E O C H E M I C A L PROCESSES AT MINERAL SURFACES

S u r f a c e peak e f f e c t , r u b i d i u m and strontium d i f f u s i o n i n vitreous s i l i c a , 597 S u r f a c e phenomena, e l e c t r o s t a t i c versus chemical i n t e r a c t i o n s , 56-57 Surface p o t e n t i a l adsorption-desorption of divalent metal i o n s , 241,243 amphoteric s u r f a c e w i t h c o m p l e x a t i o n model, 87-89 amphoteric s u r f a c e w i t h o u t c o m p l e x a t i o n model, 83-84 i n t e r f a c i a l water s i m u l a t i o n , 25-28 k i n e t i c model o f l e a d - i o n a d s o r p t i o n , 127 o x i d e s u r f a c e , 101-102 oxide-solution interface equilibrium p o i n t , 103-106 Surface potential-pH c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , importance i n t h e o r y o f o x i d e - e l e c t r o l y t e i n t e r f a c e , 79-96 Surface potential-pH curves, measurement, 80-81f Surface p r e c i p i t a t i o n , d i s t i n g u i s h i n g from a d s o r p t i o n , 217-226 S u r f a c e p r o c e s s e s , c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 600-601 Surface p r o p e r t i e s l e p i d o c r o c i t e , 489t metal o x i d e , e f f e c t on photoinduced redox r e a c t i o n s , 441-443 Surface p r o t o l y s i s r e a c t i o n s , t r i p l e - l a y e r model, 123t S u r f a c e p r o t o n a d s o r p t i o n on g o e t h i t e , 148 Surface r e a c t i o n s k i n e t i c s , 232-244 s u r f a c e c o m p l e x a t i o n models, 163t Surface s i t e s heterogeneity e v a l u a t i o n s , 185-186 r e l a t i o n t o macroscopic p r o t o n c o e f f i c i e n t , 165-169,181 n o n u n i f o r m i t y , e f f e c t on s u r f a c e complex f o r m a t i o n , 455 reduced, d i s s o l u t i o n , 457-458 Surface spectroscopy d i s t i n g u i s h i n g a d s o r p t i o n from s u r f a c e p r e c i p i t a t i o n , 224-226 g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 9-10 Surface s p i r a l step c o n t r o l , c r y s t a l growth i n s o l u t i o n , 605-606 Surface techniques, a p p l i c a t i o n s to c h e m i c a l bonding s t u d i e s o f m i n e r a l s , 389-401 S y n t h e s i s o f k a o l i n i t e h y d r a t e s , 44-45 Synthetic birnessite, interaction with c o b a l t complexes, 503-521

Τ T a r t a r i c a c i d , e f f e c t on i r o n o x i d e d i s s o l u t i o n r a t e , 435,436f Tempamine adsorbed on c l a y f i l m s , h y p e r f i n e s p l i t t i n g v a l u e s , 372t adsorbed on sodium s m e c t i t e f i l m s , 370-371f m o l e c u l a r s t r u c t u r e , 367 p o s s i b l e o r i e n t a t i o n s , 375f Temperature dependence o f d i f f u s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s , 593 e f f e c t on the r e a c t i o n o f p o t a s s i u m k i n n e y , 320 Terraced etch p i t s , quartz s u r f a c e s , 645 Tetrahedral rotations i n dioctahedral c l a y s , 314 Theory, KCl-KBr-water system s o l u b i l i t y , 563-566 Thermodynamic a c t i v i t i e s , h y d r o x y a p a t i t e and f l u o r a p a t i t e , 549-552 Thermodynamic background, i o n exchange i n c l a y m i n e r a l s and z e o l i t e s , 255-256 Thermodynamic d a t a a l k a l i metal c a t i o n exchange, 257t t r a n s i t i o n metal i o n exchange, 266-267t Thermodynamic p r o p e r t i e s c l a y - w a t e r m i x t u r e s , 42-43 KCl-KBr-water system, 564-566 Thermodynamics, p a r t i t i o n i n g , 194-197 Time t o e q u i l i b r i u m , s o r b e n t p r o p e r t i e s used t o e s t i m a t e , 211t Tin-119, e l e c t r o n i c environment, 404-405 Titration calorimetry a n i o n a d s o r p t i o n on g o e t h i t e , 143-150 g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 143-144 methods, 144-146 p r o t o n a d s o r p t i o n on g o e t h i t e , 146-147 T r a n s f o r m a t i o n r e a c t i o n s a t the m i n e r a l - w a t e r i n t e r f a c e , 13-14 T r a n s i t i o n metal complexes, a d s o r p t i o n on m i n e r a l s , 353-354 T r a n s i t i o n metal i o n c o o r d i n a t i v e environment, 451-453 T r a n s i t i o n metal i o n exchange, thermodynamic d a t a , 266-267t T r a n s i t i o n m e t a l i o n uncharged l i g a n d complexes, exchange, 288 T r a n s i t i o n metal oxide-hydroxides, r e d u c t i o n p o t e n t i a l s , 448t Transport-controlled kinetics, crystal growth i n s o l u t i o n , 600-604

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.

683

INDEX

T r a p p i n g , B a ( I I ) on c a l c i t e , 577-579 T r i p l e - l a y e r model c a l c u l a t i o n s to estimate s i t e d e n s i t y o f g o e t h i t e , 115-117 e l e c t r i c d o u b l e l a y e r , 64-66 r e a c t i o n s and e q u i l i b r i u m e x p r e s s i o n s , 121-125 r e a c t i o n s a t charged i n t e r f a c e s , 118-121 Two-surface Langmuir e q u a t i o n , 219

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U

U l t r a v i o l e t - v i s i b l e absorption s p e c t r o s c o p y , 354 Uncertainty associated with c a l c u l a t i o n o f n a t u r a l weathering r a t e s , 629-630 Unpaired e l e c t r o n e n e r g i e s , 366

V Vacuum-oriented s u r f a c e t e c h n i q u e s , problems, 390 Vanadium i o n s , a d s o r p t i o n on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 350-351 Vermiculite adsorbed w a t e r , 41 e x p a n s i o n i n w a t e r , 364 i o n exchange, 256-283 p o t a s s i u m - c a l c i u m exchange e q u i l i b r i a , 330-334 s t r u c t u r e , 38,39f V e r n a d i t e d i s s o l u t i o n , 438,440f

W Water e f f e c t on Bronsted a c i d i t y o f c l a y m i n e r a l s , 472 e f f e c t on Bronsted s u r f a c e a c i d i t y , 476-477 i n t e r l a y e r , c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , 45-48 m u l t i l a y e r a d s o r p t i o n , 41-43 n a t u r a l , M n ( I I ) o x i d a t i o n , 497-500 on h a l l o y s i t e , 40-41 on k a o l i n m i n e r a l s , 37-52 on s m e c t i t e s , 41 on v e r m i c u l i t e , 41 p o t e n t i a l s , i n t e r f a c i a l water s i m u l a t i o n s , 24-25 W a t e r - g o e t h i t e i n t e r f a c e , mechanism o f l e a d - i o n a d s o r p t i o n , 114-140 W a t e r - o r g a n i c m a t t e r systems, p a r t i t i o n i n g , 196-197 Water-saturated o c t a n o l , n o n i d e a l i t i e s , 195-196

Water-surface i n t e r a c t i o n p o t e n t i a l , s i m u l a t i o n s o f s m e c t i t e on mica s u r f a c e s , 26 Watershed g e o c h e m i c a l mass b a l a n c e s t u d i e s , f e l d s p a r w e a t h e r i n g , 629 Weathering e f f e c t on p o t a s s i u m s e l e c t i v i t y i n s o i l s , 337-338 f e l d s p a r , g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n , 616 Weathering r a t e s f e l d s p a r , f a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g , 615-632 g e o c h e m i c a l mass balance s t u d i e s , 628-629 Weiss f i e l d , r e d u c t i o n f a c t o r due t o the s u r f a c e e f f e c t , 416 W e t t i n g and d r y i n g , p o t a s s i u m f i x a t i o n i n s m e c t i t e , 296-324 W e t t i n g and d r y i n g e x p e r i m e n t s chemical analyses of smectites used, 301t m i n e r a l s used, 300t s t r u c t u r a l formulas o f s m e c t i t e s used, 302t Wheatstone b r i d g e , pressure-jump a p p a r a t u s , 133-135

X X-ray d i f f r a c t i o n complexes adsorbed on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 354 p o t a s s i u m s m e c t i t e s , 303-310 X-ray p h o t o e l e c t r o n s p e c t r o s c o p y (XPS) c h a l c o c i t e and c o v e l l i t e , 400t c h e m i c a l bonding s t u d i e s o f m i n e r a l s , 391-395 c o b a l t complex i n t e r a c t i o n s on b i r n e s s i t e , 505-506 metal i o n s adsorbed on c l a y m i n e r a l s , 348-349 s o r p t i o n o f c o b a l t complexes on sodium b i r n e s s i t e , 507-514 weathered f e l d s p a r s , 623-625 X-ray photoelectron/X-ray-induced Auger s p e c t r o s c o p y , c h e m i c a l bonding s t u d i e s o f m i n e r a l s , 397-401

Ζ Zeolites highly selective ion exchange, 283-290 s t r u c t u r e , 344 Zeta p o t e n t i a l d e f i n i t i o n , 222 r e l a t i o n t o pH, 223

In Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces; Davis, J., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.