nature of science" and (2) the "lack of comprehension of the relevancy of science to man and tosaciety." The book is strangest in the first three chapters in which Dean Fisher describes science and scientists. Chapter One brings out the multiplicity of conflicting definitions put forth by scientists themselves in describing their activity. The very multiplicity can lead t o a useful classroom discussion of the definition of a. definition. Chapter Two is a worthwhile discussion of what makes a scientist tick, his motivations, and human foibles. Chapter Three deals largely with authority in science. Mast students incorrectly think of a human as the authority even though observations are the authority upon which all of science is constructed. I t is this reviewer's minion that much of the mis-
structure of science. For most people the interface between science and society is technology, and technology is the subject for Chapter 4. I t may be shocking to these people t o learn of the poor use and even rejection of science during the indmtrial revolution. The development of the Bessemer process and its introduction into the U S . was "almost anti-scientific." Science in the continuing industrial revolution hss been a Johnny-come-lately. The quality of the book seems t o slip progressively as one moves through the last three chapters. I t may reflect a. personal hiss hut the highlight of the remaining chapters comes in Chapter 5, Science and Higher Eduoation, when Dean Fisher uses quotations from a report of the Educational Policies Commission of the National Education Association t o relate ther'spirit of science" to the spirit of an educated man and thus demonstrates the vital role of science in general educ* tion and in aliberal arts education. C h a p t e n 6 and 7, entitled Science and Public Policy, and Science, Man and Society, seem inadequate. I n Chapter 6 Dean Fisher presents a historical survey of the rel* tionship between science and the federal government in only five pages. The Manhattan Project and the AEC are covered in less than two paragraphs. I n Chapter 7 the role of science and technology in mainta&ing t,he qnality of our physical environment is covered in less then a page. These topics are really too voluminous and complex t o cover in even a. single chapter. Yet if the students are t o discuss the topics intelligently they need more information since knowledge is the tool for thinking. I t would hiwe been helpful if the author had provided a list of source materials which could be osed by the reader who wished more information on each subject. I n summary Dean Fisher is accomplishing his first objective in the stimulating three chapters a t the beginning of the book, but the last chapters only minimally accomplish the author's second objective.
Annual Rapotts in Synthetic Chemistry, 1970
John M c M u w and R. Bryan Miller, both of University of California. Academic Press, New York, 1971. 356 pp. Figs. and tables. $7.50. Paperbound. This first volume of what will hopefully become a continuing series serves admirably as a valuable source of synthetically useful reactions. Although there is no index, a very complete tahle of contents allows the reader to focus his search. The brief abstracts (complete reference, pertinent equation(s) and a t times a commentary sentence or a data tahle) are arranged under the following major headings whichare suhdividedfurther: carhoncarbon bond forming reactions, oxidations, reductions, synthesis of heterocyclics, protecting gronps, useful synthetic p r e p arations (primarily functional group preparations), and miscellaneous reactions. At the end of each major section are given references t o review articles. This volume covers forty-seven 1970 primary chemistry journals, issues of which were received before March 1, 1971. The chemist faced with a synthesis problem or interested in a n overview of progress in organic synthesis, and the teacher developing new experiments for his students will find this relatively inexpensive book well worth the investment.
alleged financial irregularities by scientists, behavior of German scientists under the Nazis, Lysenkosim, spies (e.g., Rumford, Fuchs), social irresponsibility of some scientists in their criticism of Velikovsky's "World in Collision," racists among scientists, dishonesty (revelation of trade secrets., exoeriments on humans without their consent), dogmatists, struggles for priority and recognition, and other topics of similar genre are treated. One may or may not agree with the sanguine prognostications of the author. However, the book gives an unbalanced and negative picture of science and seientists. For instance, in Chapter 2, Mistakes with Money, only two-thirds of a page is given to scientists who have disdained financial reward, while almost the rest of the chapter is devoted to questionable financial practices. The author suggests this volume as a text for students in various courses. I t would he a very good antidote for any glorification of science and scientists. But studied alone the book could easily give the uninitiated the impression that a good portion of this discipline is in s state of moral decay. Chapter 9 is titled Accent the Positive. The author should have done this for science as a whole.
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LEROYW. HAYNES The College of Wooster Wwsler, Ohio 44691 Gas-Chromatographie, GrundlagenAnwendung-Methoden The Future of Science
Morris Goran. Spartan Books, New York, 1971. 156 pp. 24 X 16 cm. $8.50. This book is a social commentary on science and scientists. The author's theme is that through international financing, improved communication, and appropriate education the whole level of the scientific enterprise will be raised. This volume is addressed to students majoringin science and allied subjects such as medicine and engineering, and to professional scientists. Various examples of science and scientists in action in contemporary and past times are utilized as a basis for supporting its theme. There are references a t the end of each chapter and an ample index. The bulk of the text is devoted to a description of the deficiencies of science and scientists. There is actually little amplification of the author's views on the future of science. Most of the ills which afflict this discipline and its practitioners are presented in a forceful and arresting manner, with numerous quotations of individual scientists and skillfully arranged case histories taken from different historical periods in various countries. The first chapter, Growing Pains, outlines the ~roblemsof oral communication (scientific
JOHN A. BORNMANN Division of Natu~alSciences and Mathematics research, and the teaching versus research The Lindenwood Colleges controversy. I n subsequent chapters, St. Charles. Missouri 65801
Dietvich Jentzsch, Perkin Elmer & Co., Uherlingen, Germany Zweite veranderte and erweiterte Auflaee. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, ~ t u k g a r t ,Germany, 1971. 109 pp. Line drawings and tables. 13.5 X 20 cm. D M 14.80 (= approx. 54.60) Though the book is small in comparison with some of the others in this field it will serve well in many quarters. I t touches on all of the obvious points, and references to the literature are ample. The 36 diagrams and the 8 tables are helpful. This second revised edition has taken advantage of its predecessor's shortcomings in excellent style. The German is not difficult. The hook, a t amodest price, is a goad addition to any chemical library. RALPH E. OESPER University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio
Gmelin-Durrer:
The Metallurgy of Iron
Fourth edition. Vol. 3a and 3b: The Blast-furnace, part 1. Verlag Chemie, WeinheimIBerestr. Vol. 3a: 1971. v i i + 320 pp.- Vol. 3b: 1971. vi 137 pp., illustrrttions. 25.2 X 17.2 cm. (DM 487) U. S., $134.
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Gmelin's comprehensive coverage of the metallurgy of iron continues in this work
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solutions, together with some supporting material from theory, is necessarily introduced. What emerges is a. compendium of views which underlies the activities and which is the first of two volumes to deal the approach of the group headed by Ivan with the blast furnace. For esslier Drapani6 a t the Boris Kidrio Institute a t reviews see J. CHEM. Eouc., 43, A160 vin& (1966). The authors are accomplished linguists Sections deal with pig iron manufacture, in many tongues. The result is that the blast furnace design, blast furnace bybemused reader is occasionally (and, in the products and operating techniques. A opinion of this reviewer, somewhat find section reviews the state of pig iron naively) referred for further enlightenment production in the world. to numerous papers and reviews not only JANET B. VANDOEEN in German, French, and Russian hut even in Czech. I am, consequently, somewhat College of Wooste? viciously pleased to discover that my Nroo8t~r,Ohio friends, the DragrtniCs, aided and abetted presumably by their language advisor, Mrs. Subotic, have foreign synonym difficulties approaching my own: on page 22 The Chemical lndurhy During the they propose delightfully to "expose ssNineteenth Century. A Study of the sumptions" and on page 204 they write of Economic Aspect of Applied Chemistry "a temperature somewhat lower than that in Europe and North America a t which the glass begins to mollify." I n general, the occasional touch of foreign L. F. Haber, Oxford Univ. Press, New idiom and flavor makes for refreshment 292 pp. Figs. and York 1971. x and for pleasant recollection of who the tables. 24 X 16 cm. $19.95. authors are. Each chapter is itself prefaced by a samIn this hook L. F. Haber, son of the mary statement, which serves as introchemist Fritz Haher, develops the trends duction, appreciation, and review and each and vicissitudes of the chemical industry of these eight statements has a separate during its formative century. Although individual character which ranges from Haber is an economic historian he is folly historical quotation to pithy preview of knowledgeable on the role of scientific facts or of theory. investigation in changing the nature of the The ohepter titles are longer than usual; industry. He presents a sound picture of they thns offer 8. good outline of t,he charthe industry from the beginnings of the acter of the book: (1) Historical survey Leblanc soda, process to the demise of the of the radiation chemistry of water; (2) process in the face of competition of the Interactionof ionizingrrtdiation with water more efficient Solvay process in the last and the origin of short-lived species that decades of the nineteenth century. Howcause chemical changes in irradiated ever, i t must not be supposed that the book water; (3) Primary products of water is restricted to the alkali trade. Proper radiolysis: short-lived reducing speciebalance is given t o the evolution of sulfuric the hydrated electron, the hydrogen atom, acid manufacture, the birth and growth of and molecular hydrogen: (4) Primary the synthetic dye industry, the birth of products of water radiolysis: oxidizing the electrochemicd industries, and the species-the hydroxyl radical and hydrodevelopment of new explosives. gen peroxide; ( 6 ) Radiation-chemical In all fairness i t must he pointed out yields of the primary products of wster that this is not s. new hook but is a reradiolysis and their dependence on various printing, with correction, of a, hook factors; (6) Diffusion-kinetic model; (7) originally published in 1958. There is no Radiation sources and irradiation techevidence that any part of it has been reniques; and ( 8 ) Aqueous chemical dosimwritten, other than minor rewordings to eters. The major thrust of the book is in correct errors in the original. Despite the first six chapters; the latter two are the excellence of the book, and despite really not suffioiently developed or critical inflation, i t is difficult to understand how to be useful. the publishers justify a price of $19.95 I t w a d d be remiss to imply that this when the 1958 printing sold for under book is generally free of fault. The 57. The book deserves a, broader public historical development of our ideas and than such pricing policies will give it. knowledge of the hydrated electron was AARONJ. IHDE logical indeed-although, there were (and Universitg of Wisconsin still are) intervals of profound puzzlement. Madison. W i r . The authors present the logic ss inverse to the chronology of the factual developments, and thus weaken the text of Chapter 3 pedagogically, and confuse (and can actually mislead) the reader hoth ss to The Radiation Chemistry of Water history and as to logic. This book is really a highly personalized Ivan G . Draganic and Zorica D. D7areview of one aspect of e rapidly developgenic, hoth of Boris Kidrio Institute of ing field. Statements of results and of Nuclear Sciences, Vinca, Yugoslavia. interpretation are repeatedly and necesAcademic Press, New York, 1071. xi sarily introduced-and theinformed reader 242 pp. Figs. and tables. 23.5 X 15.5 checks them off, as he reads, with mental cm. $14. notations of their factual and interpretive This book is addressed toward underreliability. One useful crutch for his standing of the radiation chemistry of thinking is knowledge of the authorship of water itself, but the actual chemistry of particular information. Again and again,
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the reader must refer to the end of the chapter to discover such authorship when the information could have been incorporated declaratively in sentence structure simpler than. that aetuslly employed. Also, there are not too many hut there are, indeed, serious errors in statement of quotation from the literature (and in failure of adequate definition) which the informed reader may immediately recognize but which may confuse the novice. Fortunately, the bibliographies are excellent and the reader is carefully guided to appropriate sources. Finally, I would like to m k e a statement about use of the words "recombine" and "recombinrttion." They are not the same as "combine" and "combination"although many radiation chemists seem to think they are. Neither Hznor HnOl are produced by reoombiniltion in the ritdiolysis of water, nor does the HnO produced by back reaction in such radiolysis neeessarily imply "recomhinstian" of H and OH produced as geminate partners. That the DraganiCs fell into this linguistic trap is not too surprising; after all, it was dug by American and British chemists who ought to know better! The book is recommended as a n introductory outline to the experienced radiation chemist who wishes to know more about work on water in Eastern Emope. I t is not for the uninitiated. MILTONBURTON Radiation Laboratory University o j Notre Dame Notre Dame, Ind. 46656
