Oct., 1914
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
a t the Chafing Dish Inn, on the ocean front, near the picnic grounds. Mr. John Lothrop Gray, formerly assistant general superintendent of the Tide-TrVater Oil Co., Bayonne, N. J., is now identified with the Pierce Oil Corporation, St. Louis, Mo., as manager of the refining and producing departments. Dr. Friend E. Clark has resigned his position as professor of chemistry in Center College, Danville, Kentucky, t o become professor of chemistry in West Virginia University. Philander Raymond Gray, one of the first refiners of oi1,in
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this country, died a t his home in Aberdeen Road, Elizabeth, N. J., on September 14, 1914. At the time of his retirement three years ago, he was manager of the refineries of the Standard Oil and Tide-Water Oil Companies, near Elizabeth. Dr. Frederick G. Cottrell has been appointed Chief Chemist of the U. S. Bureau of hilines. Dr. L. H . Baekeland reached New York City on September zznd, returning via San Francisco from Yokohama, Japan, where he found it necessary to give up his tour around the world on account of the war in Europe.
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
I
By R. S. MCBRIDB,Bureau of Standards, Washington
NOTICE-Publications for which price is indicated can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Other publications can usually be supplied from the Bureau or Department from which they origixate. Consular Reports are received by all large libraries and may be consulted there, or single numbers can be secured by application t o the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, Washington. The regular 7ubscription rate for these Consular Reports mailed daily is $2.50 per year, payable in advance, t o the Superintendent of Documents. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Rules and Regulations for Carrying out Provisions of Insecticide Act of 1910. Circular 34, amendment 3. 2 pp. This amendment is t o the rules regarding collection and examination of specimens of insecticides, Paris greens, lead arsenates, and fungicides. Acidity as a Factor in Determining the Degree of Soundness of Corn. H. J. BESLEY and G. H. BASTON. Department Bulletin 1 0 2 . 45 pp. Paper, I O cents. This professional paper from the Bureau of Plant Industry shows how the acid test may be used in the commercial grading of corn. “It is intended for chemists, grain buyers, and all interested in grading corn, more especially in the corn belt and at terminal markets.” Classification and Grading of Cottorl. D. E. EARLE and W. S. DEAN. Farmers Bulletin 591. 23 pp. Paper, 5 cents. This is a contribution from the Bureau of Plant Industry, intended to give in a popular manner the names, classification, and description of the different grades of cotton. Potash Salts and Other Salines in the Great Basin Region. G. J. YOUXG. Department Bulletin 61. 96 pp. Paper, 15 cents. This contribution from the Bureau of Soils “embodies the results of investigations carried on in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey and the hZcKay School ’ of Mines, Reno, Nevada with a view to determining the existence or non-existence of sources of potash salts in the basin region.” Bacteriological and Chemical Study of Commercial Eggs in the Producing Districts of the Central West. Under the direcAssociated with M . K. JESKINS, tion of M . E . PENNINGTON, E. Q.. ST.J O H N and W. B. HICKS. Department Bulletin 5 1 . 77 pp. Paper, 40 cents. This contribution from the Bureau of Chemistry “gives details of an extensive study of the commercial eggs and makes recommendations for improvement in handling. While the study was made in the central west, the bulletin is equally of interest to all sections where eggs are produced in commercial quantities and are sent to egg-breaking or other packing establishments.” The plates which illustrate this paper are also published on one sheet entitled “Egg Candling Chart.” .Ability of Streptococci to Survive Pasteurization. S.HENRY .4yms and WILLIAMT..JOHNSON, JR. Separate from Journal of Agricultural Research, 2 , 321-30. h contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry.
Bacteria Concerned in Production of Characteristic Flavors of Cheese of Cheddar Type. ALICEC. EVANS,E. C. HASTINCS and E. B. HART. Separate from the Journal of Agricultural Research, 2 , 167-92. A contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station. Relation of Action of Certain Bacteria to Ripening of Cheese of Cheddar Type. E. B. HART, E . G. HASTINGS,E . M . FLINT and ALICEC. EVANS.Separate from the Journal of Agricultural Research, 2, 193-216. See previous article. Regulations Governing Meat Inspection. Bureau of Animal Industry Order No. 2 1 1 . Paper, I O cents. This confidential publication was released on July 30th for general distribution. I t s provisions take effect November 1st of this year. CENSUS BUREAU
Census Statistics by States. The statistics of population, agriculture, manufactures, mining, etc., for each of the states, as collected for the 1910 census, have been reprinted in pamphlets. These may be secured upon application by those interested; in general, no charge is made for these. BUREAU OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMEBCE South American Markets for Drug Products, Patent and Proprietary Medicines, Surgical Instruments, and Dental Supplies. E . A. THAYER.Special Agents Series No. 85. 75 pp. Paper, I O cents. This report is a very timely one as it gives in considerable detail, for many drugs and other products of chemical interest, the quantity and value of the imports from the United States for recent periods. The statistics are given for each of the South American countries separately, so t h a t those seeking South American markets can tell as to the particular portion of the country where their products might find sale. (See also information under Consular Reports given below.) BUREAU OF STANDARDS Units of Weights and Measures. Circular 47. 68 pp. This circular supersedes the earlier publication entitled “Tables of Equivalents of the United States Customary and Metric Weights and Measures.” It includes numerous definitions of the fundamental units and their relation to sub and multiple units for length, area, volume, capacity and mass. There is included a brief discussion of standards for measurements ; and the proper spelling and abbreviations for the various units are given. Tables of equivalents from I to 999 units are given for converting the customary (English) units to metric units and vice versa. Standard Methods of Gas Testing. CirCular 48. 180 pp. Paper, 35 cents. This circular contains suggestions as to location and equipment of. gas testing laboratories, a description of some of the accepted forms of apparatus, directions for the making of the various tests, and recommendations as to the interpretation of experimental results. It does not discuss the testing work necessary for good works control; it deals rather with methods which are intended for use in city or state official
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING C H E M I S T R Y
Vol. 6,
No.
10
SHANGHAI, CHINA-p BRBMEN, GERMANYtesting or in works laboratories which are checked by city or SWITZERLAND-pp. 636-42 ... .A 1997 bum en p. 793 state inspectors. The full discussion of the influence of various Aluminum Glassware Antimony Caffeine conditions upon the results of tests and the theoretical con- Asphalt Chemicals Camphor Drugs Drugs China grass fiber Fertilizer sideration such as would properly accompany a publication Dyes Hides Grease of the results of a research are not given in the Circular. Such Ferro-silicon Musk Fats Gelatin Gall nuts Oils full discussion will be found in the various sources referred to Artificial silk Peanuts Paper Serum Soy Cottonseed bean Rags in the text. Glycerine Rattan No attempt is made to fix on a single method to be used in Essential oils Rapeseed Tin perfumes Wood oils Potash every case; in each case as much freedom in choice of method is Synthetic Phosphoric acid Vegetable tallow Linoleum Turmeric LEGHORN, ITALY-p. allowed as seems permissible, but the simplest procedure or BRADFORD, ENGLAND 7 9 < -p. 649 apparatus with which satisfactory results can be had is given Chemicals LIBAU,RUSSIA-p. O& oil 1028 Hides Dyes preference. The discussion is so arranged t h a t a n inexperienced Cork Soap stock Wool grease Flax Argols man may utilize the information, but exactness of description Paper Fusel oil ARGENTINE-p. 856 has not been sacrificed in the effort t o simplify the directions. Glue stock Dried blood MALAGA, SPAIN-P. Hides Bones 678 The five principal subjects discussed are, measurement of Match es Casein Iron ore Turpentine Oakum Fertilizer heating value, candlepower determination, determination of Lead Glue stock Almond oil impurities (hydrogen sulfide, total sulfur and ammonia), taking Fusel oil Glycerine TRIESTE, AUSTRIA-P. Hides oils of gas pressure records, and gas meter testing. Full operating Essential 1095 Linseed Olive oil Phthalic acid Quebracho wood directions, including a description of apparatus and precautions Soar, Aluminum Extract ITALY-pp. 701--3 which must be observed, are included under each heading. Chemicals Drugs Stearin Calcium citrate CUBA-p. 865-75 Analysis of Printing Inks. J. B. TUTTLE and W. H. SMITH. Chemicals Fats Hides Hides Waxes Sugar Technologic‘Paper 39. 20 pp. A procedure for analysis of Marble Fertilizer Molasses printing inks has been developed after several years work on the Olive oil Glue stock Asphalt Sulfur G 1y cerin e Iron inks supplied to the Government Printing Office. This paper Sumach Gums Copper ores Crude t a r t a r Iron ore Vegetable gives the detailed directions for separation of oil and pigment, Aluminum Leather Fusel oil Fibers analysis of oil, and analysis of the pigment for black, blue, red, Beet pulp Beeswax Glue Olive oil Cocoanut oil and green inks. The paper also contains a brief discussion of the GIy cer in e Paints SEVILLE,SPAIN-p oil Colors 892 relation of aniline dyes in inks t o the paper. This covers the Fusel Oleostearin Mercury Cork question of the permanency of the blue dyes used to neutralize Mercury Shellac Pyrite Hides Licorice the yellow color of the oil and emphasizes the necessity for a Soap Tin Sugar Olive oil Turpentine Copper careful selection of the dyes used. Several methods for the BRITISHGUIANA-P. CHRISTIANIA,NORWAY Wood pulp 724 determination of the permanency to light of the various colored Cocoanuts -p. 923 SAXONY, GBRUANYWood pulp Rubber pigments are given and a few special tests for some abnormal pp. 1137-46 Paper Sisal hemp Stoneware Hides constituents of inks are described. It is claimed t h a t the Sugar Vegetable fibers Tallow Gold Iron precision of the methods described is as great as the accuracy Glue stock Steel FRANCE-P. Fertilizer with which the manufacturer can duplicate his inks. (See THIS COGNAC, Pauer 729 Matches Oxalic acid Oxalic acid JOURNAL,6,659.) Caustic potash Ferrosilicon Peptomangan The Veritas Firing Rings. A. V. BLEIKINGERand G. H. SWEDEN-pp. 59 and Colors 1080 BROWN. Technologic Paper 40. I n the pottery and other clay Inks Ferrosilicon Essential oils Hides industries the heat effect due t o the increasing kiln temperature CHOSEN,KOREA-P Fertilizer Iron 767 Hides is frequently ‘determined from the shrinkage of unburned clay Gold Steel Rubber goods Matches rings, of uniform composition and size, which are placed in Silver Oil of roses Paper (including filter concentrate Wax different parts of the kiln. The shrinkage is measured by means Copper papfr) Graphite Wool grease Causttc of a simple calipering device which permits the reading of small PORTUGAL-D. 789 Potash FORMOSA-p. 1152 Soda Camphor differences in diameter. The object of the present work was the Argala Cork Wood pulp Rice Casein correlation of the arbitrary shrinkage number of the gauge with Gold Paper Cocoa butter Silver temperature as measured by means of standardized thermo- Olive oil YOKOHAMA, JAPANPowdered milk 1175 Rubber HANKAU, CHINA-P. couples, so t h a t the devices might be coordinated with pyrometer Antimony Sulfur 971 Copper Chinese veeetable talOre practice. Paper Crude tartar “The firing rings were found to answer the purpose for which Peanuts Uranium oxide Peppermint oil Glycerine they are intended satisfactorily. A new series of rings, in- Wolframite Sulfur Charcoal Wood pulp tended for lower temperatures, was found to be unsatisfactory, owing to irregularities in shrinkage.” Coal mining with steam shovels in an open cut, is being carried INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION on in Manchuria. (P. 653.) Regulations for Transportation of Explosives and Other The production of graphite in Bavaria, Ceylon, and the Dangerous Articles by Freight and Express and Specification United States is discussed. (Pp. 662-5.) for Shipping-Containers. Paper, 2 0 cents. This pamphlet The manufacture of cocoanut butter in Marseille, and its use of 2 0 0 pages gives the regulations as adopted by the Commission as a n edible oil are described (P. 712.) to take effect October I, 1914. A new resin valuable for making fine grades of varnish is being National Code of Railroads Covering Weighing and Reobtained from an evergreen tree, “almaciga,” in the Philippines. weighing of Car-ldad Freight. Paper, 5 cents. Confidentially (P. 811.) printed but .released for general distribution July 3 0 . Of interest t o industrial concerns only. New Orleans is t o install a garbage incinerating plant. (P. CONSULAR REPORTS, AUGUST, 1914 814.) The status of the abaca (Manila hemp), copra (cocoanut) and Statistics and other information from consular agents resugar industries of the Philippines is discussed. (Pp. 825-31.) garding exports from various localities to the United States may ~
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The production of a distilled liquor from the flowers, cmcl sf
Oct., 1914
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
“butter” from the seeds, of the malma or illupei tree in India is described. (P. 908.) The mineral products of Ireland include coal, iron ore, fire clay, bauxite, rock salt, barytes, soap stone, ocher, umber, and pyrite. (P. 909.) The construction of large blast furnaces in Rouen, France, was started, to use ore from Spain, Algeria, and Sweden. [Report of consul dated July 2 2 . 1 (P.938.) The use of esparto fiber from Algeria, for the manufacture of paper, mats, etc., is described. (P. 972.) High pressure incandescent gas lamps are being tried a t Montevideo, Uruguay, using gas at a pressure of 2 t o 2.5 meters of water. The mantles are inclosed in silica globes. (P. 990.) The Egyptian phosphate output is increasing, being shipped principally to Japan. (P. 991.) Peach kernels from California have been shipped to Germany t o be used in the manufacture of prussic acid, and “bitter almonds.” (P.I I IO.) The market for American cottonseed oil in India is discussed. (Pp. 1111-5.) The possibility of Americans obtaining a supply of German dyestuffs Via Holland is discussed. (P. I I IS.) Rubber shipments from the Amazon valley show a slight decrease. (P. I I 19.)
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The principal mineral products of Alsace-Lorraine are iron ore, coal, salt, potash, petroleum, and asphalt. (Pp. 1126-7.) The cultivation of kapols for fiber, in Ceylon is described. (P. 1160.) The status of the iron, zinc, lead, copper, coal, petroleum and sulfur industries in Japan is discussed. (Pp. 897-907.) Information as to rubber cultivation in India is given. (P. 1034.1 An appropriation of $50,000 for promoting trade with Latin America is now available, (P. 1041.) A list of publications on South American trade is given. (Pp. 1012-20.) Many requests have just been received from “Latin American countries” for various articles, including: Soap, cement, paper, starch, sugar, matches, oils, paints, drugs, photographic supplies, glassware, enameled ware, kerosene, coal, coke, soda, pig iron, galvanized iron, sheep dip, wax candles, malt, copper, and tin plate. (PP. 849, 929, 977, 1109,1042,1156.) An immediate market is needed for many supplies from Latin America, including : Cacao, wax, hides, tallow, balata, quebracho wood and extract, divi-divi, bones, sodium nitrate, copper, tagua nuts, sarsaparilla, tin, tungsten, rubber, copper, silver, and linseed. (Pp. IOIO, 1071, 1156.) A demand is received from Canada for shipments of steel, window glass, white lead, and flaxseed. (P. 1011.)
BOOK REVIEWS
The Occupational Diseases, their Causation, Symptoms, TreatM.D. ment and Prevention. By W. GILMANTHOMPSON, New York and London: D. Appleton and Company. 1914. Pp. xxvi 724, with 118 illustrations. Price, $5.00 net. The reviewer recently referred t o the growing interest which various American organizations are taking in the diseases of occupation.’ Until the publication of this treatise, however, there had been no work of reference on the subject by a n American authority on industrial hygiene. “To supply in some measure this lack, the present work has been undertaken, particularly with the aim of meeting the needs of American practitioners of medicine, as well as those whose industrial or philanthropic interests require a comprehensive summary of the nature and prevalence of the occupational disease hazards as they obtain in this country.” In preparing this work, which is more comprehensive than Arlidge’s “ Diseases of Occupation,” Weyl’s “ Arbeiterkrankheiten,” Roth’s “ Kompendium der Gewerbekrankheiten,” Hirt’s “ Krankheiten des Arbeiter,” Albrecht’s “ Gewebehygiene,” Layet’s “ Gewerbepathologie,” or Oliver’s “ Diseases of Occupation,” Dr. Thompson has enriched medical science with much new material. His investigations of the phenomena of industrial diseases, some of which are published herein for the first time, and still more his improvement of professional treatment have won for him a permanent reputation; but above all else he is inclined t o assist his fellow-men to the utmost of his power. And this he has done in this noteworthy treatise, the preparation of which, as even one familiar with but medical propaedeutics can observe, has been a labor of love. The work is divided into seven parts: Part I, History Classification, General Pathology and Etiology ; Part 11, General Remedial Measures; Part 111, Diseases Due to Irritant Substances; Part IV, Diseases Due to Harmful Environment; Part V, Special Occupational Diseases; Part VI, Influence of Special Conditions on the Occupational Diseases; and Part VII, Miscellaneous Occupational Diseases Grouped by Industries not Included in the Foregoing Classification. There are also four appendices: Tabulated List of the Principal Harmful Substances and Their Effects; Tabular List of Important In1
THISJOURNAL, 6 , 526.
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1
dustries in which the Workman is Subjected to Several Hazards; Tabulated List of the Principal Industries in which Dust Constitutes the Essential Hazard; and Main Provisions of Existing Laws (1914)Relative to the Reporting of Occupational Diseases by Physicians. Theoretical toxicological details are omitted as are discussions of .disputed scientific points. Owing to the general excellence of all parts of this treatise, one were unappreciative of diligence did he not feel tempted to refrain from critical comment thereon. However, an endeavor to be helpful prompts the reviewer t o indicate whereby its usefulness might be further augmented. Dr. Thompson is, of course, eminently equipped with the very special knowledge required to describe and discuss the pathology of the lesions set up and the preventive measures necessary to combat them; but his descriptions of manufacturing operations, evidently taken largely from medical reports, and his purely chemical considerations, are less accurate ; in fact, the book is in need of chemical revision. Shellac is not “secreted by a scale-forming insect” (p. 166); lead does not enter into the manufacture of aluminum foil (p. 199);i t should have been noted that acroleic vapors arise when metal articles are dipped into molten fat in galvanizing and tinning (p. 3 0 5 ) ; the account of the formation of nitrous gases (p. 372) is inaccurate; the highly poisonous nature of osmium tetroxide (p. 375) is due to the reduction by the tissues to metallic osmium; picric acid (p. 375) is manufactured by the nitration of phenol; “chinin” and “chinon” are mentioned (pp. 376 and 688), the first as a “petroleum by-product,” reference being had to quinine and quinone ; paraphenylenediamine (p. 381)is not manufactured from petroleum; asphalt is classed under “insoluble inorganic dusts” on p. 400, and under “organic dusts” on p. 692; plate glass is cast, not blown (p. 409), although the time is approaching when it will be blown mechanically; oxalic acid is not properly classified on p. 420 (in this connection i t may be noted that a t the only oxalic acid manufactory in this country the preparation is carried on in open vessels); sodium and potassium chlorides are not “made by electrolysis” (p. 589); flint is hardly a “silicious variety of quartz” (p. 620); and cinnabar is mentioned in the place of stibnite on p. 665.
