June,
1920
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Mr. Chas. H. Plantz has left the engineering department of the Edison Lamp Works, Harrison, N. J., and is now connected with the St. Regis Paper Co., Deferiets, N. Y., as chemist. It was recently announced that Dr. Ira Remsen, of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., will deliver the commencement address a t West Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va., on June 15. Dr. W. D. Bancroft, of Cornel1 University, Dr. E. P. Kohler, of Harvard University, and Dr. E. V. McCollum, of Johns Hopkins University, have recently been elected members of the National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Arthur L. Day, of the Geophysical Laboratory, Washington, D. C., is a newly elected member of the Council of the above Academy. The Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Pa., wasawarded May 19toprof. Svante August Arrhenius, Nobel Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. In connection with the presentation of the above medal Dr. Allerton S. Cushman, director of the Institute of Industrial Research, Washington, D. C., read a paper by Professor Arrhenius entitled “The World’s Energy Supply.”
617
Mr. Lucien H. Greathouse resigned as assistant chemist a t the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory, War Department, recently, to accept a position in experimental work with the Atmospheric Nitrogen Corp., Laurel Hill, N. Y. Dr. Raymond F. Bacon, director of the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, who, during 1918,was a Colonel .in the Chemical Warfare Service, serving as chief of the Technical Division of the Chemical Warfare Service, A. E. F., has been awarded a citation by General Pershing for exceptionally meritorious and conspicuous services in France. Mr. C. J. Haines, formerly in charge of manufacturing operations a t the Chicago, Ill., refinery of the American Cotton Oil Co., has become superintendent of the Electrox Co., Peoria, Illinois. Mr. Klare S. Markley resigned his position with the Department of Agriculture to accept one as chemical engineer with the Valley Mould & Iron Corporation, a t their Sharpsville, Pa., plant, where he will undertake research on cast ingot molds as made in the direct pouring process. 1
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS. ~
I
B y NELLIE A. PARKINSON, Bureau of Chemistry, Washington, D. C.
NOTICE-Publications for which price is indicated can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Other publications can usually be supplied from the Bureau or Department from which they originate. Commerce Reports are received by all large libraries and may be consulted there, or single numbers can be secured by application to the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, Washington. The regular subscription rate for these Commerce Reports mailed daily is $2.50 per year, payable in advance, to the Superintendent of Documents. CONQRESSIONAL COMMITTEES
Coal-Tar Products. Importation of coal-tar products, views of minority t o accompany House Report 8078 (to regulate importation of coal-tar products, to promote the establishment of manufacture thereof in United States, and to amend act of September 8, 1916,to increase revenue, and for other purposes); submitted by Mr. Moore of Pennsylvania. House Report 209, P a r t I I . 8 pp. 1920. Glass. Duty on laboratory glassware and surgical and scientific instruments, report to accompany House Report 7785 (to provide revenue for Government, to establish and maintain in United States manufacture of laboratory glassware, laboratory porcelain ware, optical glass, scientific and surgical instruments); submitted by Mr. Curtis. Senate Report 459. 4 pp. March 2, 1920. Magnesite. Duty on magnesite ores, report to accompany House Report 5218 (to provide revenue for Government and to establish and maintain production of magnesite ores and manufactures thereof in United States); submitted by Mr. Curtis. Senate Report 458. 3 pp. March 2, 1920. Tungsten Ores. Report to accompany House Report 4437 (to provide revenue for Government and to promote production of tungsten ores and manufactures thereof in United States); submitted by Mr. Curtis. Senate Report 487. 2 pp. March 23, 1920.
INTERIOR DEPARTMENT
Petroleum. Regulations concerning oil and gas permits and leases (including relief measures) and rights of way for oil and gas pipe lines, authorized by act of February 25, 1920 (Public 146);approved March 1 1 , 1920. Circular 672. 38 pp. Paper, 5 cents. 1920. UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
The Importance of Tellurium as a Health Hazard in Industry-A Preliminary Report. M. D. SHIEAND F. E.DEEDS. Public Health Reports, 35, 939-54 (April 16, 1920). Ozone in Ventilation. Some Abstracts from the Literature on the Use of Ozone in Ventilation. Public Health Reports, 35, 989-93 (April 23, 1920). OEOLOQICAL SUBVEY
The Sunget-Midway Oil Field, California. R. W. PACK. Geology and Oil Resources. Part I. 179 pp. 1920. The report describes the general geology of the Sunset-Midway region, the development and underground conditions in the productive field, and also the origin and migration of the oil. The Work on Mineral Resources Done by the United States Geological Survey. E. S. BASTIN AND H. D. MCCASKEY Separate from Mineral Resources of the United States, 1918. Part I. 5 pp. Issued March 31, 1920. A resume of the development and scope of this work is given. Zinc in 1917. C. E. SIEBENTHAL.Separate from Mineral Resources of the United States, 1917. Part I. 2 5 pp. Issued April 6, 1920. The following table is given showing the amount of zinc produced and consumed in the United States, I ~ I I - I ~ I ~ , in short tons. ZINCPRODUCED AND CONSUMED IN
THR UNITEDSTATES,1911-1917, IN SHORTTONS 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917
1911 Production of primary zinc:l From domestic ore 271,621323,907337,252343,418458,135563,451584,597 From foreign ore. 14.905 14.899 9.424 9,631 31.384 104.005 84.976
-
---~---
Paper. Distribution and consumption of print paper in the United States, report in response to resolution regarding supply, distribution, and consumption of print paper in the United States. House Document 696. 24 pp. March 22, 1920.
286,526338,806346,676353,049489,519667,456669,573 Production of secondary zinc:’ , 14,043 26,064 25,991 20,545 29,761 29,663 16,835 Redistilled Remelted ..... . 26,470 26,187 24,014 22,424 23,136 21,037 14,565
UNITED STATES TARIFF COlVIMISSION
Apparent consumption of primary . 280,059340,341295,370299,125364,632458,428413,643 zinc.. , , . . 1 “Primary zinc,” which is produced directly from ore, is here distinguished from “secondary zinc,” which is obtained by refining zinc ashes skimmings drosses, and old metals. The statistics of secondary zinc are! given on Gage 860. Wherever in this report the word “zinc” is used without qualification it means primary zinc.
Dyes and Dyeing. Costs of production in dye industry, July 1918 to September 1919,details of costs for selected list of dyes and intermediates. Tariff Information Series 15. 24 pp. 1920.
,.. . . . . ------327,039391,057396,681396,018542,419718,156700,973
-______---__
.
....
618
T H E JOURNAL OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
This is an increase of 21,146 tons, or about 4 per cent, in quantity, and a decrease of $31,747,000, or about 2 1 percent, in value, as compared with similar figures for 1916. Pot-h in 1918. W. B. HICKS. Separate from Mineral Resources of the United States, 1918. Part 11. 61 pp. Issued March 31, 1920. This report differs from previous annual reports on potash in that it deals not only with potash materials derived from original sources, but with refined potassium salts as well. The production of potash-bearing materials in 1918 was nearly 7 0 per cent more than in 1917, and represented about 2 2 per cent of the normal c o n s u q t i o n in the country, which is estimated to be 25,000 short tons annually. The following table shows the increase in the domestic production of potash during the last few years and gives some idea of the growth of the industry : POTASHPRODUCED AND SOLD IN THF UNITEDSTATES,1915-1918 NUMBER OP -PRODUCERS- -PRODUCTION- SALES^-Exclusive Available Available of ProContent Content ducers of Crude of Potash Crude of Potash Wood Potash (KzO) Potash (KaO) Value Ash (Short (Short (Short (Short f . 0. b. YEAR Total Potash Tons) Tons) Tons) Tons) Plant 1,090 4,374 1,090 $342.000 1915 52 5 4,374 9,720 35,739 9,720 4,242,730 1916 70 25 35,739 46 126,961 32,573 126,961 32,573 13,980,577 1917 95 77 207,686 54,803 140,343 38,580 15,839,618 1918 128 I Production and sales were practically the same from 1915 t o 1917, and no distinction was made between them 2 Although no production was reported from wood ashes it is probable t h a t a n appreciable quantity of potash was produced from t h a t sourcein 1915.
I n 1918 the production came from I O distinct classes of raw materials. Natural brines furnished about 73 per cent of the output, the Nebraska lakes alone contributing about 53 per cent and Searles Lake, Cal., the second largest quantity from a single source, Kelp yielded about g per cent of the total production, followed by smaller contributions from molasses, alunite, cement, etc. The domestic production of refined potassium salts in 1918, exclusive of chlorides and sulfates, amounted to 53,66 I ,676 lbs., and the sales amounted to 43,833,503 lbs., valued a t $16,032,880.
Vol.
12,
No. 6
With Sections on Concrete Ships, R . W. LESLEY. Separate from Mineral Resources of the United States in 1918. Part 11. 39 pp. Issued April g, 1920. The marked decline in the output of cement in 1918, amounting to about 2 2 per cent as compared with 1917, was the result of the continued curtailment begun in 1917 of building operations not essential to the war and of the continuation of the war restrictions imposed by the Government upon fuel supplies, transportation facilities, and labor. The output in 1918 was the lowest since 1909. On the other hand, wages and fuel costs continued to increase to such an extent that selling prices of cement were advanced greatly, that of Portland cement reaching an average of nearly $I .60 a barrel a t the mills, the highest price in 20 years. Secondary Metals in 1918. J. P. DUNLOP.Separate from Mineral Resources of the United States, 1918. Part I. 2 1 pp. Issued April g, 1920. Dealers in and refiners and smelters of scrap metals and drosses continued t o do a large business up t o November 1918, but the business done was not so profitable or so large as in 1916 and 1917. During the last two months of I g 18 business was stagnant and the value of stocks decreased considerably. The following table shows the secondary metals recovered in the United States in I g 17 and 19I 8 : METALSRECOVERED I N THE UNITED STATES I N 1917 A N D 1918 ,---- 191--7 - - - I Quantity 1918----Quantity (Short (Short Tons) Value Tons) Value Secondary copper, including that in alloys other than brass,. . . . . . . . . . . 159,400 $87,032,400 122,510 $60,519,900 Remelted brass.. . . . . . . . 320,000 141,888,000 328,800 128,696,300 45 100 Secondary lead.. Recoveredlead in alloys.. 48:400 16,082*ooo 13'788'200 27,108 Secondary zinc.. ........ 31,400 Recovered zinc in alloys 11,082 6,950,600 7,384,800 other than brass.. 4,800 Secondary t i n . . Recovered tin in alloys.,.. 1::% 231920,200 1 ~ 41,381,000 : ~ ~ Secondary antimony.. Recovered antimony in 2,061,700 43 1,317,000 alloys.. 4.955 5,183 Secondary aluminum. 6,660 6;050 Recovered aluminum in 16,711,800 10,113,600 alloys.. 9,440 9,000 Secondary nickell. ...... Recoverednickelinalloysl 8% 774,000 1,;;; 1,532,300 SECONDARY
........
..... ......... ... .............. ... ..............
1 ]
1
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{ Asphalt and Allied Substances in 1918. C. C. OSBORN. Separate from Mineral Resources of the United States, 1918. ... 295,854,900 ... 264,298,900 Part 11. 5 8 pp. Issued March 31, 1920. The quantity of I Recoveries made by International Nickel Company from scrap or alloys and from nickel in scrap ferrous alloys from any source are asphalt and allied substances produced in the United States in nickel not included. 1918 was 1,237,853 short tons, valued a t $18,540,032, a decrease Iron Ore, Pig Iron, and Steel in 1918. E. F. BURCHARD. of about 13 per cent in output, but an increase of a little more than 16 per cent in value, compared with similar figures for Separate from Mineral Resources of the United States, 1918, Part I. 58 pp. Issued April 20, 1920. The year 1918 was 1917. The report shows that the output and value of asphalt characterized in the American iron and steel industry by almost and allied substances have materially increased in recent years. complete devotion to the needs of the Government for war purStrontium in 1918. G. W. SToSE. Separate from Mineral poses. The period shows a great contrast between the unsatisResources of the United States, 1918. Part 11. 4 pp. Pub- fied demand and fixed prices a t the beginning of the year and the lished March 30, 1920. The strontium industry in the United low demand and decreased prices due to the cessation of hosStates seems to have reached its climax in 1918. The following tilities and the hesitancy of the normal market a t the end of the table permits comparison with the production of previous war. years : Manganese and Manganiferous Ores in 1918. D. F. HEWETT. 1916CRUDESTRONTIUM ORES MINEDAND SOLDIN THE UNITEDSTATES, Separate from Mineral Resources of the United States, 1918, 1918, IN SHORT TONS MINERAL 1916 1917 1918 Part I. 50 pp. Issued April IO, 1920. I n 1913 domestic shipCelestite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 3.630 0 ments of high-grade ore were more than twice those of 1917, Strontianite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 405 400 nearly ten times those of 1916, and more than 30 times those of Talc and Soapstone in 1918. J. S. DILLER. Separate from 1915. The rate of production of ore attained the maximum Mineral Resources of the United States, 1918. Part 11. 7 pp. during the third quarter of the year, but after the armistice was Issued March 29, 1920. The production of talc has increased signed i t decreased rapidly. The imports of ore were 491,303 somewhat over pre-war years. Nearly 4 per cent less domestic tons, or 138,669 tons less than in 1917. Imports of ferromantalc was sold in 1918 than in 1917, but because of the advance ganese in 1918 were 27,168 tons, compared with 41,969 tons in in price the value was about 11 per cent greater. The total 1917, and were the lowest since 1904. production of soapstone in the United States in 1918 was 16,830 BUREAU OB MINES short tons, valued a t $591,059. No imports of soapstone into, Dr exports from, the United Si ates are reported. Monthly Statement of Coal-Mine Fatalities in the United Cement in 1918. E. F. BURCHARD.With Sections on Imports and Exports in Foreign Countries, R. S. SCHULTZ,JR.
States, January 1920. -March 1920.
W. W. ADAMS. 7 pp.
Paper, 5 cents.
~
June,
1920
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
Blowholes, Porosity, and Unsoundness in Aluminum-Alloy Castings. R. J. ANLERSON.34 pp. Paper, IO cents. December 1919. Approved Explosion-Proof Coal-Cutting Equipment. L. C. ILSLEYA N r E. J . GLEIM. Bulletin 78. 53 pp. Paper, 2 5 cents. 1920. BUREAU O F STANDABDS
Recommended Specifications for Red Lead, Dry and Paste. Circular go. 8 pp. Issued April 3, 1920. Prepared and recommended by the United States Interdepartmental Committee on Paint Specification Standardization, January 26, 1920. Outlines specifications lor the dry pigment and paste, methods of sampling and analysis, and describes the reagents to be used in examining these products.
619
DEPABTMENT OB AQBICULTUBE
Crop Injury by Borax in Fertilizers. OSWALDSCHREINER, B. E. BROWN, J. J. SKINNER ANIl M. SHAPOVALOV. Department Circular 84. 35 pp. Paper, IO cents. A Machine for Trimming Camphor Trees. G. A. RUSSELL. Department Circular 78. 8 pp. Paper, 5 cents. Issued February 1920. m M E B C S Z REPORTS-APRIL
1920
The French office of Controller General of Spirits and Cornbustibles has been discontinued and the work of that department placed under the control of the Ministry of Public Works. (P. 3) Statistics of exports of beeswax and graphite from Madagascar to the United States are given. (P. 5 ) Recommended Specification for Ocher, Dry and Paste. Large bedded deposits of good quality magnesite are reported Circular 91. 8 pp. Issued April 15, 1920. Prepared and recommended by the United States Interdepartmental Com- to exist in South Manchuria, China, close to a trunk-line railroad. mittee on Paint Specification Standardization, March 2 2 , 1920. (P. 26) It is estimated that an annual production of 2,500 tons of Ocher may be required in the form of dry pigment or paste ground in linseed oil ; it shall be prepared in accordance with the asbestos can be obtained in North China after production is most improved methods. Grinding in oil shall be thorough stimulated by fair prices. (P. 26) and the vehicle shall be pure raw linseed oil. Outside capital is being sought for the development of a numThe material shall be bought by net weight. ber of asbestos and tungsten mines in China. It is said that ( a ) DRY PIGMENT-The pigment shall be a hydrated oxide of if Americans do not evince an interest the holders of concessions iron permeating a siliceous base, and shall be free from added will have to turn to the Japanese for assistance. (P. 26) impurities. I t shall conform to the following requirements : A paper-manufacturing plant was established in Tunis during Color-Color Strength- Tone-Equal to sample mutually January 1920. It is equipped with modern machinery and will agreed on by buyer and seller. have a daily output of about 3.000 kilos of paper. (P. 29) Maximum Minimum Per cent Per cent The outstanding feature of the leather situation in France Coarse particles: Retained on standard No. is the present shortage of the better grades of upper leather, 200screen‘ ............................ 0.0 .. 17 coupled with a surplus of certain classes of raw hides and calfLime (CaO). . . . .. skins, which, on account of insufficient tanning facilities, cannot Lead chromate, . . . . None Organic colors.. ......................... None .. be worked up in the country. The expansion of the domestic 1 No. 200 screen is the same as screen formerly known as 200 mesh. tanning facilities is restricted by a shortage of labor and chem( b ) PASTE-ocher in paste form shall consist of: icals and difficulties of transport. Sole leather is produced in Maximum Minimum slight excess of domestic consumption. Tanned sheepskins and Per cent Per cent ..... 71 69 kid and lamb gloves constitute the only important leather ..... 31 29 exports. (Pp. 33-5) Moisture and volatile matter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 . .. Coarse particles and “skins” (total residue left A company has been formed in India to manufacture toys, on No. 200 screen) based on pigment. . . . . . 0.5 .. glassware, etc., from tin, wood, rubber, metal, wax, aluminum, Turbidity Standard of Water Analysis. P. V. WELLS. Scientific Paper 367. 29 pp. Paper, I O cents. Issued March 17, and leather. (P. 36) The imports from the United States into Spain of coal and 1920. The study of he present standard of turbidity in water analysis has shown it to be inaccurate, the variations from the petroleum residues, iron, steel and other metallic products, and average in some cases amounting to over 5 0 per cent. This chemical products, especially dyes, paints, soda, and paraffin, could be eliminated largely by having all the standards prepared have greatly increased since the war. (Pp. 67-73) by the Bureau of Standards. There seems to be no reason why A market for glassware in Malta is reported. (P. 121) the standard should not be made precise to a t least I O per cent. By an order in council, dated h’ovember 22, 1919,the importaThere is a possibility that standard samples of dry powdered silica can be prepared sufficiently uniform in size of particle t o tion of the following dyestuffs into Nigeria is prohibited: ( a ) All derivatives of coal tar generally known as intermediate use directly. products capable of being used, or adapted for use, as dyestuffs, Vapor Pressure of Ammonia. C. S. CRAGOE, C. H. MEYERS or of being modified or further manufactured into dyestuffs. ( b ) All direct cotton colors, all union colors, all acid colors, all AND c. S . TAYLOR. Scientific Paper 369. 35 pp. Paper, I O chrome and mordant colors, all alizarin colors, all basic colors, cents. Issued April IO, 1920. all sulfide colors, all vat colors (including synthetic indigo), A New Cadmium-Vapor Arc Lamp. FREDERICK BATES, all oil spirit and wax colors, all lake colors, and any other synthetic Scientific Paper 371. 6 pp, Paper, 5 cents. Issued April colors, dyes, stains, color acids, color lakes, leuco acids, leuco basis, whether in paste, powder, solution, or other form. IO, 1920. This order does not extend to dyestuffs which are the produce Investigation of the Compressive Strength of Spruce Struts of Rectangular Cross Section and the Derivation of Formulas or manufacture of any part of the British Empire, or are imported Suitable for Use in Airplane Design. J. E. BOYD. Technologic in accordance with the terms of any license issued by the comptroller. (P. 126) Paper 152. 43 pp. Paper, I O cents. Issued April IO, 1920. I
.
A Peculiar Type of Intercrystalline Brittleness of Copper. H. S. RAWDON AND S. C. LANGDON. Technologic Paper 158. 5 pp. Paper, 5 cents. Issued April IO, 1920. Describes the behavior of copper when heated in a molten salt bath (sodium chloride).
Secretary of Commerce Alexander recommends the saving of all waste paper. (P. 1 3 1 ) There has been a great increase in the traffic in ginseng in Hongkong as a result of the ending of the war and the gradual return to more normal trade. (P. 1 4 7 )
620
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
A shortage of paint and linseed oil in hTewZealand is reported. (PP. 150-1) Statistics are given showing the quantity and value of potash compounds shipped into Great Britain from Germany and Alsace for agricultural and industrial purposes since the armistice. (PP. 156-7) It is reported that an American concern is actively engaged in the development of Chinese mining property. (P. 158) It is reported that a Chinese merchant desires to sell to American buyers the output of a Chinese mica deposit. (P. 158) The development of the kauri gum industry in New Zealand is reviewed. (Pp. 160-1) The British committee which was sent to Germany to investigate the dyestuff situation reports that it found the stocks of dyestuffs available in Germany to be very small indeed. Very little, if any, manufacturing of dyestuffs was being carried on. Qnly by some concerted and well-organized effort, says the committee, can the British dye users expect to obtain in the future such stocks of European dyes as will enable them to meet all their requirements. (P. 167) The Commonwealth Flax Industry Committee, which was established by the Australian government on the recommendation of the Institute of Science and Industry, has recommended the government t o continue the guaranty for raw flax. It is understood that the government does not intend to let this indust r y languish. (Pp. 169-71) It is reported that many of the large German chemical plants have had to close down on account of the coal shortage. (P. 173) The German potash industry lacks coal and cars and the exports and domestic consumption of potash declined in February, notwithstanding the fact that they received a larger amount of fuel than in the previous month. (P. 173) A company has been formed for the exploitation of phosphate in Tunisia with a capital of 16,000,000 francs. (P. 182) Switzerland does a very fair trade in both imports and exports of asbestos. (P. 183) The oil-bearing seeds and nuts and other oil-yielding material produced in Burma include, in the order of their importance, peanuts, sesamum, and cottonseed. (Pp. I 84-6) Swedish importations of petroleum products were heavy during the latter part of 1918 and the whole of 1919. Most of these products are imported from the United States, but Great Britain appears to be increasing its share of the trade in vaseline. (P. 195)
The present production of borax in Asia Minor is less than before the war, largely owing to labor shortage. (Pp. 210-1) The oil-bearing seeds and nuts and their products in North Manchuria are reviewed. The only oil-bearing materials produced in commerial quantities are soy beans and hempseed. (Pp. 212-7) Although the production of tar still plays its part in Finnish industrial life, it has now become quite insignificant compared with its importance 50 years ago. (Pp. 2 17-20) The average annual production of sesame seed in Mexico is 80,000 tons, practically the whole crops being consumed in Mexico, since local prices are higher than those offered by foreign buyers. (P. 227) The various branches of the Swedish technical chemical industry showed development during the war in proportion to their freedom from dependence upon raw materials from abroad. Sweden affords a market for colors, paints, and varnishes.
(P. 228) The Mexican wells now under exploitation are capable of producing 170,000 cubic meters of petroleum per day, or approximately 1,000,ooobbls. (Pp. 245-6)
’
Vol.
12.
No. 6
A marked decrease is noted in the imports from Germany to France of chemical products during the year 1919. (Pp. 257-62) Statistics are given showing the distribution of l i e in the different German industries during the month of March 1920. (pa 275) It is almost useless for American manufacturers and importers t o visit Belgium or conduct negotiations in the hope of obtaining shipments of plate glass. The syndicate of plate glass manufacturers is overwhelmed with domestic and export orders, including several from the United States, which cannot be filled under present conditions. (Pp. 276-7) The export of cassia out of Hongkong in 1919 assumed prewar proportions. On the whole, the trade was quite satisfactory, although it was more or less irregular, inasmuch as nearly half of the total exports were shipped in the third quarter of the year. The declared exports of cassia oil to the United States in rgrg were valued a t $288,836, as compared with $124,465 in 1918. (p. 284) Window-glass production in Belgium has probably been more completely revived than any important Belgian industry. All factories are booked well ahead with orders, however, and there is not much probability of greatly increasing production under prFsent conditions. (P. 289) There is reported to be a market in Palestine for American caustic soda, drugs and patent medicines, leather, oleo oil, coconut oil, margarine, and paper. (P. 291) The mineral production of Canada shows a decrease in 1919 as compared with 1917 and 1918. Gold was the only metal of which there was an increased production during 1 9 1 9 . (Pp. 300-3
There was no production of mahganese in the Caucasus in 1918and 1919. (P. 321) Since the milling of copra was commenced in the Dutch East Indies in 1913, the amount available for exports has decreased, although not in proportion to the increase in the amount of coconut oil. (P. 344) A description of the mining of potash in Germany is given. (P. 346) A lack of coal is limiting the production of the Belgian glass industries. (P. 352) Sulfuric acid is much in demand in Belgium. (P. 352) Artificial silk production is increasing in Belgium but is still inadequate t o meet more than a fraction of the demand. (p-352) Tanned hides are finding good demand in Belgium despite the high prices. (P. 352) The iron-ore resources of Canada are described and the following table is given showing the total shipments of iron ore from all the mines of Canada and of the United States from I913 to 1918, inclusive: Calendar Year
.....
1913 1914.. , 1915
.. .....
United States Mines Short Tons Short Tons Canadian Mines ,307 634 244:854 398,112
69 418 089 46:412:532 62,152,272
Calendar Year 1916.... 1917.. 1918
.. ....
Canadian Mines Short Tons 275,176 215,302 211,608
United States Mines Short Tons 87,215,019 84,641,992 80,663.746
(PP. 353-4) It is generally conceded that oil is the future fuel of Italy and codperative fuel-oil purchasing societies are proposed. (Pp. 354-5)
Thirty-five towns in Thuringia have organized for the purchase and development of peat beds lying in the Weser Basin, south of Bremen. (P. 362) The following table shows the cottonseed products manufactured, shipped out, and on hand in the United States from August I , 19x9, t o March 31, 1920:
June, 1920
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
621
Produced Shipped out On Hand , Aug. 1 t o Aug. 1 t o On Hand Aug. 1 Mar. 31 Mar 31 Mar. 31 25,495,597 1,118,690,109 1,016,198,606 142,724,1231 16,503,655 1,106,807,412 983,069,401 166,093,276 Crude oil, Ibs,. 148,488,608a 816,664,592a 348,890,8562 301,087,328 Refined oil, lhs.. 265,875,255 830,895,057 44,548 1,681.185 I ,458,197 267,536 Cake and meal, tons.. 1,767,607 100,079 1,838,935 28,751 1,051 934 108,491 124,593 1,035,832 Hulls, tons. 928,359 808 864 179,920 60,425 569,816 556,001 268,43 1 254,616 Linters, 500-pound bales. 580,973 285,684 30,868 835,789 ................. 52,119 137,396 27,204 162,311 Hull fiber, 500-pound bales. 11,609 109,174 89,059 31,724 11,134 17,460 15,894 12,700 Grabbots, motes, etc., 500-poundibales. 12,453 22,718 17,880 17,291 Includes 12,542,914 and 7,738,405 lbs. held by refining and manufacturing establishments and 7,209,350 and 26,750,882 Ibs. in transit t o refiners a n d consumers Aug 1 and Mar. 31, respectively. Includes 4,569,701 and 16,138,735 lbs. held by refiners brokers agents and warehousemen at places other than refineries and manufacturing establishments and 7,614,431 and 10,680,510 Ibs. in transit to manufacturers of lard’substitute, oleomargarine, soap, etc., Aug. 1 and Mar. 31, respectively. 8 Produced from 934,531,010 Ibs. crude oil
ITEMS
Year
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(P. 455) During the fiscal year ended March 31, 1919, the United States imported into Siam chemicals and medicines valued a t $33,256, lubricating oil, $46,634, metal manufactures, $619,963, mineral oil, $284,188, paints, $10,785, paper and manuEactures, $48,649, rubber goods, $29,531, and zinc, $30,340. (P. 365) The situation in the German paper-making industry is unsatisfactory. The high rate of exchange prevented the importation of cellulose, and the cost of pulp made from native wood has greatly increased. (P. 372) The South China paper-making industry has suffered greatly and the import trade in paper has thrived. (Pp. 388-9) There is said to be a market in Japan for the following articles: stearine, paraffin, and olein; drugs; and dyes, such as direct black, acid black, and the basic colors, malachite green, menthyl violet, and auramine. (Pp. 394-5) Annually, on a normal basis, the textile industries of Poland require, in addition to the principal dyes, the following: Tons G u m tragacanth.. . . . . . . . . . . 100 Gum de cordofane.. . . . . . . . . . 50 Bleaching powder. . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 Sulfate of soda (calcined). .... 7,500 Caustic soda.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,000 Carbonate of soda (calcined). 3,500 Acetate of soda . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Bichromate of potash or of soda 600 Perrocyanide of potash or of soda. 100 Chlorate of potash or of soda. 60 Chromium acetate (dry), , 20 Nitrate of soda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Tannin.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Double salt of antimony.. 50 Chrome alum.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Alum or sulfate of aluminum, 200 Hydrosulfite (for printing) 10 200 BisuIfite of soda (dry) Bisulfite of potash.. ......... 500 Copper sulfate.. ............ 60 Sulfuric acid.. 6,000 Hydrochloric acid. 2,000
.
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.. . ... . .... ........ .............. ..........
Tons
Nitric acid.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Acetic acid.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,000 Yellow glycerol.. . . . . . . . . . . . 40 White glycerol., . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Stearine..: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Coconut oil.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 Cottonseed oil.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 Castor oil.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 Olein (for soaps and softenings) 3,300 Tallow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,400 20 Cachou de gambir ou pegne.. Campeche, dry, American , . , 200 Haematein crystals.. ........ 100 Persian berry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Quercitron extract. 100 Aniline salt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Aniline oil.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 100 Paranitraniline . . . . . . . . . . . . . &naphthol 100 30 a-naphthylamine . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium sulfide.. ............ 3,200 Sulfur. 1,000
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(P. 400) The following figures give some idea of the increase in the productive capacity of France during the war in chemical substances other than fine chemicals: -1913ProConduction sumption Tons Tons 1 ,160,000 58,000 6,000 20,000 625,500 300
PRODUCTS Sulfuric acid, 58 O . . . Sulfuric acid. 66’.. . . . . . . . . . . Oleum (fuming sulfuric acid) Nitric a c i d . . Sodium salts.. ............. Liquid chlorine. , , , , . , . . Bromine. ................. Calcium carbide.. 32,000 Calcium cyanamide. 7,500 Ammonium salts.. 75,000 Nitrate of lime.. Natural phosphates. . 2 ,700,000 Superphosphates. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ,965,000 Phosphorus, 300
.........
..............
. .. . .......... ........ ......... ........... ........ ...............
.....
.....
-1919--Production Tons
Consumption Tons
1,500,000
.....
25,000 20,000 650,000 15,000 200
..... .....
150,000 250,000 2,700,000 2,500,000
.....
Great strides have also been made in the manufacture of synthetic products, an impetus having been given by .he requirements of the war. (P. 441)
Arrangements have been concluded for the Rumanian government to pay for American railway equipment in petroleum. (P. 369) On March I , 1920, the Mexican Ministry of Industry, Commerce, and Labor formally inaugurated an industrial experimental laboratory in connection with the commercial museum. (P. 404) The foreign trade in news-print paper and paper-making materials is reviewed. (Pp. 435-41) A market for American leathers in France is reported. (Pp. 456-7) The total value of the minerals produced in the Union of South Africa during the closing 6 mo. of 1919 amounted to $96,826,209. This is an increase of $287,917 as compared with the value of the corresponding output in 1918, but is a decrease of $3,583,193 as compared with that of the first 6 mo. of that year. (P. 47.5) The discovery of rich copper deposits in the southern part of the island of Timor, Dutch East Indies, is reported. (P. 478) The scarcity and high prices of battick dyes has so affected the industry in Java that many of the smaller concerns have been forced to stop work. The shortages of indigo and of alizarin red are the most acute. (P. 478) An order has been issued prohibiting the importation into Gambia of all dyestuffs which are not the produce or manufacture of the British Empire. (P. 481) The Anglo-Danubian Association plans to supply raw materials to the industrials of former Austrian states. (P. 481) A growing demand for cement in India is reported. (P. 510) The Chinese oil and oil-yielding nut and seed industries are reviewed. (Pp. 5 19-22) Conditions in the German paper industry a t the beginning of 1920 were worse than they had previously been. (P. 525) A syndicate has beenformed in Austria to establish a large scale chemical undertaking. The output is to be confined a t first t o sulfuric acid, caustic soda, and alcohol for other chemical products, but as the company expands it is planned to manufacture other products, such as hydrochloric acid, potassium permanganate, and a large number of pharmaceutical products. The power for the enterprise will be obtained from the abundant water supply. (P. 607) Statistics are given showing the Russian exports of seeds before the war. (Pp. 530-1) The wood pulp and paper markets of Norway continue t o be firm with prices soaring. (P. 549) Italy’s paper industry has been severely affected by the cutting off of large imports of cellulose which were formerly supplied by Germany and Austria. (P.555) ’ The wood-distillation industry of Canada is reviewed. (P. 631) SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTS IS3UED UNITED KINGDOM-ZZb
CEINA-55b
