ROOH REVIEW
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magnitude greater government research funding, EOR technology will lead to an estimated 4 million BPD production by 1985190. The report also claims that at $21/bbl, EOR processes are economical. It might be mentioned here that m d e has been selling at prices considerably higher than that for more than six wars. and current activities in EOR do not seem to support the author's (Yocum) prediction. I t is claimed that an estimated 1.3 trillion barrels of oil are locked in tar sands. A very large amount of it is located in ecologically delicate Athahasca vallev of Canada where most of the activities on &traction of crude from tar sands are taking place. Even after years of exploratory work, current experimental production goals are 45,000 BPD by Suncor and 130,000 BPD by Syncrude. The land that is ruined and the water that is wasted during extraction of crude from tar sands are truly incredible amounts; this is obvious from the data presented in the paper, but the author (Thomas) is totally silent on this ..... issne. .. Thr paper onsynthetic furls (gas and 11q. uid) from coal is a comprehensive summary of all major technologies of cual gssifiratim and coal liquefaction, and the current status of experimental plants under DOE'S encouragements. Several of these technologies obviouslv have ereat notentiel as enerw ... BOU~CPS. hut again theassault on erology wdl. no duubt, he Peverr. The two paprrs on the utilization of KOmass, the paper on photovoltaic conversion of solar energy, and the paper on wind energy are all very informative. Even from the initial experimental work on the technologies reoorted in these naoers the tremendous oot r n t ~ a uf l ~rhew trvhndorip~are quitr obviwm. This revitwrr feel* that it i%qustr unfurrmnte that the preamt Federal adminw tration has nearly eliminated research funding for these technologies when they are on the threshold of breakthroughs. The papers on fission and fusion power are detailed and hiehlv .. . technical. However. the intiernmation is nor nrw. Thr pnprron fisrion power has tdkrd about rh? w w e diipui;ll oprim~at~cnlly ulrh whirh this reviewer diiagrees. There is no discussion on the economics of fission and fusion power. The reviewer agrees with the thesis that the developing countries should place greater emphasis on unconventional energy sources and technologies. However, the reviewer disagrees with the corollary that the developed countries need not place emphasis on these technologies. As indicated by the titles and the contents of the paper, the Symposium was concerned with the technological aspects of energy production by various technologies. A reader interested only in the technological aspects of energy production may find this two-volume monoeraoh informative. Enerev orob,. I~mswrglmaIi n theirrsope, and inseparable front ghhd envirunntental, socirtal, pd~tiiol. and economic issurs. 1):scussiun uf merry rrchnolugws lusrs it* meaning unirai i t 1s dvnr in rhc p mpective of t h c v l s t r ~ iwws. r in rhls re5pect. the Symp~,iiumand thp pa-
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A204
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Journal of Chemical Education
~ e r lose s much of their simificance. Buddhadev S e n Louisiana State University Baton Rouge. LA 70803 An Examples Course In Reaction Kinetics, An International C a s e Studies Approach Ian M. Campbell, International Textbook 163 pp. Figs. Co., Glasgow. 1980. vii and tables. 14.5 X 21.5 cm. L6.75.
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"The aim of this book is to present a progressive course of worked and exercise examples in reaction kinetics.'' The examples and problem exercises in this book were selected from papers from the chemical literature available in the English language. A wide variety of topics were chosen. The scope of topics includes rate laws, kinetic order, relaxation kinetics, flow and stopped-flow methods, kinetic chain and non-chain mechanisms, collision theory, transition state theory, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, photochemistry, radiolysis, and electrochemistry. Topics which are absent are molecular beam techniques, non-thermal equilibrium reactions, reactions in solvent mixtures, modulation techniques, chemical activation, RRKM theory, and outer-sphere electron transfer theory. The author has devised examples based on 43 papers selected from the literature of a wide range of subjects of chemical kinetics. An additional 90 papers were used as the basis of exercises for the student. The range of chemistry represented here should interest students representing specialties ranging from organic chemistry to polymer chemistry. Students having difficultv with a nroblem would be encouraged to ;cad theAoriginal paper for a definitive discussion. Those students actually looking a t the original publications might discover some surprises, such as when gas kinetieists use number density for units of concentration and kcal/mole for activation energies. The author has chosen to remove the experimental noise from the numbers quoted. The ready availability of small computers to chemistry students seems unrecognized by the author. Unfortunately, topics such as least squares and the iterative solution of equations are not admitted to the discussion. Formal integration of the rate equations is shown in the examples, but numerical solutions of rate equations are altogether absent. Equilibrium constants have no units, because activities are dimensionless. In this hook units are attached to the equilibrium constants. Example 21 on the 0 0 2 reaction discusses a subject of current interest in stmospheric research. Recent work finds considerably different rates and activation energies. [See Klais, Anderson, and Kurylo, Int. J. Chemical Kinetics, 12,469 (1980) and Huie, Herron, and Davis, J.Phys. Chem., 76, 2653 (1972)l. This reviewer would have welcomed some problems in which interpretation of a research paper was asked for so as to convey a skeptical attitude about the chemical literature. A collection of problems based on the literature is a very attractive idea. I t brings to mind a pictureof the overworked professor
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sittina in his office. selectine oroblems for the class assienment. and thushaving additional time for Kis scholarly activities. Students, of course, would resolve their problems in the library, instead of knocking on the professor's door or making trouble in class. I would like to suggest a student problem based on example 12. Study Example 12 in the problem book concerning the oxidation of propan-2-01 by aqueous chlorine. Derive the correct equilibrium expression for [CIz]/[OXIDANT] where [OXIDANT] = [Clz] [HOCI] and show that the expression in the problem book (p. 29) is incorrectly given as the reciprocal. Based on the equilibrium
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CI&+HzO) = H+ + CI-
+ HOCI
show that the expression on the bottom of page 29 in the hook should read h o ~ =s hl[alcohol]l(l
+ KI[HC][C1-11)
Usr the numtwrs awen on ~3ge:I~110 ewluate thr rarecmstant, u s n y thr t q x r i a ~ m g ~ v r n . Compare the results with those given in the original article (Table 6) below. [Cl-1 added
0.03
koes
13.5
Note that a factor of probahly was omitted from the original publication. Solve for the equilibrium concentration of CI- and show that the first two C1- concentrations in the table above differ from the equilibrium values by 10% and 5%, respeetively. This book might be useful for problem work in kinetics when examples are available with content and level appropriate to the subjects to be discussed. Space does not permit a complete c?talog of topics in this review. The index is too brief to be a guide to selecting exereisesor topics. 1give theauthor high marks for his concept and look forward to an improved, revised edition after additional classroom use. Norman C. Peterson Polytechnic Institute of New York Brooklyn, NY 11201 and
Chem ca r( net.cs D ws on US Nat onal B.reau of Stanoaras Wash~ngton.DC 20234 Hazardous Chemicals: A Manual for Schools and Colleges Scottish Schools Science Equipment Research Centre. (Editors), Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh. England. 1980. xiv 225 pp. 17.5 X 21 cm. $12.95.
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The Introduction to this book opens with the following paragraph: "The natural disposition of those concerned to have safe ~ h a o laboratories l has been reinforced hy legislation with penalties for neglect or far infringement. The Health and Safety Work Act of 1974 requires the provision of information, instruction, and training of employees by the employer and of arrangements which ensure, as far as is reasonably practicable, the safety and absence of risks to health in the use, handling and storage of articles and substances."
There are eight pages of definitions and of general counsel on cvmplienre with Britlqh practice. The remainder d the lm,k cmsisra of safvtv data sheew for more than 200 in& vidual dr groups of substances, "chosen with a school syllabus in mind," in a loose-leaf format t o permit the insertion of new data sheets or revisions. (But the changing of sheets will not he easily accomplished with the 16-hole plastic binding.) Each page carries a blank section for adding information about local conditions, for example, those affecting storage or disposal. The book is in a handy, easily read form far quick reference, but the user may have some doubts about current relevance to the American scene. References are few, and the first edition of "Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory" (1971) is cited a t one place rather than the later editions. The book clearly was not aimed a t usage in this country. There are many terms seldom encountered here, such as "a Winchester of solvent" Also, the proprietary agents in the hook will he unfamiliar t o American readers, e.g., checking gas connections with "a dilute solution of Teepol." Also, the listed statutory instruments, circulars, and trade literature are strictly British. In short, there are many commendable features, but the hook will play hetter in Edinburgh than in Peoria. Malcolm M. Renfrew University of Idaho MOSCOW. ID 83483
LSD: My Problem Child Albert Hofmann, McGraw-Hill Co., New York. NY. 1980. xiii 210 pp. 13 X 20.5 cm. $9.95.
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Plants of t h e Gods: Origins of Hallucinogenlc Use Richard Evans Schultes and Albert Hofmann. McGraw-Hill Co., New York. NY. 1979. 192 pp. Figs. and tables. 19.5 X 26 cm. $34.95.
science writing a t its best, for he carefully defines his terms and explains the nature of research and drug testing to the layman. This well-written volume, however, will be of interest to scientists and historians of science as well. Dr. Hofmann includes detailed descriptions of not only his historically significant accidental discovery of the hallucinogenic effects of LSD (the first "acid trip," April 16, 1943, which antedated by three days his famous frightful hieycle ride of April 19,1943, widely believed to be the f m t "acid trip") but also of a number of other "trips" taken by himself and others with various psychedelic substances. (Since LSD produces its effects on the higher psychic and intellectual functions, its effects are best tested on human subjects.) His relations-and in some cases "trips" (presided over by curanderas and curanderas)-with prominent persons such as Aldous Hunley, R. Gordon Wasson, Valentina Pavlovna Wasson, Robert Evans Schultes, Roger Heim, Emst Jiinger, Walter Vogt (who called LSD "the only joyous invention of the twentieth century"), and Timothy Leary (The "father of L S D did not agree with the "apostle of LSD's" propagation of the drug's use among the young) are an integral part of Hofmann's unfolding story of a career that greatly contributed to our understanding of hallucinogens. But the hook is far more than a personal and scientific history, for Dr. Hofmann eonsiders philosophical questions such as mind-body relationships, and he advances a mystical Weltanschauung with his assertion that halluc~nugenscan he wen a* cracks in thr edntire dmtiunality that i,fter altrrnatr hut valid virws or rcalltv His lruok amolv succeeds in attaining.. his .. eoal of eivine-"a .. .. cc,nlpreheniivr picture c.f LSD, its irrlgin, its eiicrct, anu i t + dangers in mdrr t o guard against increasing abuse of this extraordinary drug" and in expressing his belief that "if people would learn to use LSD's vision-inducing capability more wisely, under suitable conditions, in medical practice and in conjunction with meditation, then in the future this oroblem child could become a wonder child." My cmlv nmplnint nhuut this r u e d lent h w k is the lack o l n n index or biblioyraphy to assist the reader in locating the many names and sources cited in the text, but such a lack may be typical of "popular" books. Although the use of hallucinogenic plants has been a part of human art, myth, and experience for many millennia and has long played an important role in contacting the spirit world during the religious rites of early civilizations and primitive peoples today, their scientific study is a relatively recent phenomenon. The book by Schultes and Hofmann, "focusing attention on the origin of their use and the effect that they have had on man's development," is a perfect joy and a suoreme examole of the fusion of science nnd nrt-uf Apolloald 1)iun)sw ndwrated 11s Hofrnnnn in the first book. This h a d same, oversized volume is copiously illustrated with numerous full-page beautiful photographs and drawings, many in full color. Yet, although "directed not to the scientists who are deeply involved in research in [the field of hallucinoeenic druesl .., nor to the casual render. hill 1'1 the eowrrn~dp~d~lic."tht Ihmk ~l~ip. isn trimtph 01 ~ r . r n t i f i c s r l ~ ~ ~ l s rreplete nlth ret'ermrrs, n hihliglyr.lphy oi further ~
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Dr. Hofmann's book might aptly he titled "Everything You Always Wanted to Know About LSD But Were Afraid to Ask." The problematic nature of Hofmann's discovery is reflected in the book's title, for the retired Director of Research for the Department of Natural Products of Sandoz, Ltd. of Basel, Switzerland, who is optimistic about the future of his Sorgenkind, also considers in detail the problem of its ahuse, especially its spread from medicine and psychiatry into the drug scene beginning in the early 1960s. He begins his story with the outbreaks of ergotism ("St. Anthony's fire") during the Middle Ages, and his inside story of the birth of the Psychedelic Age recounts his own research as well as that of many other workers in the field t o whom he graciously accords full credit. Dr. Hofmann's account of his work not only on LSD (Lysergsaure-diathylamid)but alsoon Mexico's "sacred mushrooms" (he also isolated and proved the structures of psilocybin and psilocin), "magic morning glory," and other "plants of the gods" represents popular
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reading, a list of picture credits, and a detailed index which includes the Latin desipnations of the plants discussed. After presenting the botanical relations h i ~ sbetween hallucinoeenic nlants. the nuthorp diwuss the major arhirvernents in the synthesis~~fpsyrhoactivr principlesand . gethe potentml bendits ui thi* I C S C ~ ~ C I I.4 ography of wnge nnd horonirnl r m g r is tulI~,wrdhy a 29-page "garden hwrk type'' plant Irxiom with tvlor illu~tratlmsnnd hotnniral descriptions of 91 plants arranged according to genus names and a 15-page reference chart to these plants arranged according t o vernacular names. The largest section (91 pp.) of this volume is devoted t o detailed considerations of 14 major hallucinogenic plants and their cultural significance. The uses of hallucinogens and their chemical structures are also discussed. This artistic hut scholarly volume is warmly recommended. Georoe B. Kauffman California State University, Fresno
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Fresno. CA 93740
CONTINUING SERIES Annual Reports In Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 16 Hans-Jurgen Hess, (Editor), Academic Press, New York, NY, 1981. xi 364 pp. Figs. and tables. 17 X 25.4 cm. PB $27.50.
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Benchmark P a p e r s in Physical Chemistry a n d Chemlcal Physlcsl4 Structural Crystallography in Chemistry a n d Biology Jenny P. Glusker, (Editor), Academic Press. New York. NY, 1981. v 421 pp. Figs. and tables. 18 X 26 cm. $50.00.
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This volume represents the editor's choice of 61 papers which are considered to be important in the evolution of structural crystallography in chemistry and biology. The papers cover the period 1912 when Friedrich, Knipping, and Laue published their seminal paper on the X-ray method t o the 1976 paper by Champness, Bloomer, Bricogne, Butler, and Klug describing the structure of the protein disk of tobacco Mosaic Virus to 5 A resolution. Chromatographic Science Series, Volume 14. Introduction to Analytical G a s Chromatography. History, Principles, a n d Practlce John A. Perry, Marcel Dekker, Inc.. New York, NY, 1981. xviii 426 pp. Figs. and tables. 18 X 26 cm. $29.75.
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Inorganic Reaction Chemistry, Volume 2. Reactions of t h e Elements a n d Thelr Compounds. Part A: Alkali Metals t o Nitrogen D. T Bums, A. Townshend, and A. H. Carter. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 1981. 300 pp. Figs. and tables. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. (Continued on page A2061
Volume 5 9
Number 6
J u n e 1962
A205
