7
1 in the Chemical laboratory Edifed by NORMAN V. STEERE, 140 Melbourne Ave.. S.E. Minneapolis, Minn. 55414
XLVI. Hazardous Chemicals Data* (Continued) NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION, 60 Batterymorch Street, Bodon, Moss. 02 1 10 7 Editor's
Note:
This issue continues the examples of chemical information recorded in "Hazardous Chemical Data," NFPA No. 49. Special perrni-.&n was obtained to reprint these examples and the ex-
and used ns n ~.eferenrein teaching, clinical, and research laboratories.
ACETYLENE CH:CH
@@ Dissolved in
l e e t o n e in Closed Cylinder
Description: Cnlorleir gas wit,h slight garliclike odor. Fire and Erplosion Hazards: Flammable gas. Farms explosive mixtures with air over a w r y wide range. Flammable limits, 2.5 arid 81%. Ignition temperature is compsralively low and varies according t , mixi.~tre ~ composition, pressure, water vapor catitent, and initial temperature; minimum ignition temperature is about 571°F. Lighter than air (vapor density, 0.9). Acetylene not dissolved in acetone is unstable a t high pressures and may derornpose into hydrogen and carbon with explosive violence. Generation, distribution through hose or piping, or utilization of acetylene should be maintained a t % pressure less than 15 psi gage. Under certain conditions, acetylene forms explosive compomds with copper, silver, snd mercury. Also forms spontmeously explosive acetylene chloride with chlorine. Life Hazard: Nontoxic but can cause asphyxiation by exrlucion of oxygen. Fire Fighting Phasrs: Stop flow of gas. Use water to keep containers cool. Do not extinguish unless necessary to effect an immediate shutoff of flaw. Dry chemical srrd r a t h n dioxide can be used to extinguish acetylene fires. Usual Shipping C o n h i n e w Steel eylinders, 10 lo :SO0 stande1.d cubic feet capacit,y, eontaiuing n p o ~ ~ mmaterial r nnd acetone. Slomge: Protect agaiwt physical dam-
age. Isolate from oxidizing gases, especially chlorine. Store in cool, well-ventilated, noncombustible place away from all possible sources of ignition and combustible mrtterids. Protect againqt lightning and static electricity. Remarks: Only Class I, Group A electrical equipment permitted in atmospheres containing acetylene. See Standard far the Installation and Operation of Gas Systems far Welding and Cutting (NFPA No. 51), Explosion Venting Guide (NFPA No. 68), National Electrical Code (NFPA No. 70), Static Electricity (NFPA No. 77), Lightning Protection Code (NFPA No. 78), Fire-Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Volatile Solids (NFPA No. 325M) and Chemical Ssfetv Data Sheet SD-7 ( ~ a n u f a c t n r i n gC h e k ists' Association, Inc.).
Deswiplion: A colorless liquid with faintly pungent odor. Fire and Ezploswn Hazards: Flammable liquid. Vapor forms explosive mixtures with air. Flammable limits, 3 and 17%. Flash point, 32OF (open cup). Dilute solutions also are haanrd011s: Flash point of 2% in wat,er, 70°F; 3% in water, 54°F; 5Y0 in water, less than 4U0F. Ignition temperature, 89XeF. Liquid is lighter than water (specific gravity, 0.8). Vapor ia heavier than air (vapor-air density a t 100"F, 1.2) and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Violent polymerization occurs in presence of coneentrated caustic slkali. In very pure st,at,e, may polymerize spontaneously with evolution of heat, especially on exposure to light, but is usually inhibited against this. At elevated temperatures, such as in fire conditions, palymerii;ation may take place. If the polymerization t a k e place in a container there is possibility of violent, rupture of the container. Life Hazard: Toxic by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption. Threshold limit value, 20 p a r k per million. Wear special protective clothing. If accidental contamination occurs, flmh with copious quantities of water. Fire Fighting Phases: Use dry chemical. "alcohol" fosm. or carbon dioxide. Wear special prot,ective clothing. TJsual Shipping Containers: Lined pails, drums, tank car and t,mk 1,rurks. Storage: P~.otertngniwt physical dam~~~~~
* Fmm Hazardous Chemicals Data, NFPA No. 4!J, copyrighted by Nstionsl Fire Protcctim Assoriation. Reprinted b,v permi.;siou.
feature
age. Outside or detected storage is preferable. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage room or cabinet; no dkeline materials such as caustics, ammonia, or amines, or oxidizing materials permitted in storage room or cabinet. Do not store uninhibited acrvlonitrile under any conditions. Store drums on end with bungs up, no more t h n two high. Outside tanks should be above ground and surrounded with dikes of sufficient capacity to hold entire tank cqntents. Acrylonitrile vapor8 are uninhibited and may form polymers in vents or flame arresters of storage tanks, resulting in st,oppageof vents. Remarks: Electrical installations in Class I hazardous locations, as defined in Article 500 of the National Electrical Code, should be in accordance with Article 501 of the Code; and electrical equipment should he suitable for use in atmospheres containing acrylonitrile vapors. See Flammable ttnd Combusbihle Liquids Code (NFPA No. 30), National Electrical Code (NFPA No. 70), Static Electricity (NFPA No. 77), Lightning Protection Code (NFPA No. T8), FireHazard Properties of Flammable L i q i d s , Gases and Volatile Solids (NFPA Yo. 325 M ) and Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-31(Msnof~ctrlringChemists' Association, Inc.).
ANILINE C,H,NH, Deseriplion: Colorless oily liquid with R characteristic odor. Darkens on exposure to sir. Fim and Erplosion Hazards: Combustihle liquid. Flash point, 15UDF.Vapor. forms explosive mixtures with air. Flammable limit,s: lower, 1.3%; upper, \Inknown. Ignit,ion temperature, 1418°F. Specific gravity of liquid, 1.02. Life Hazard: Highly t,oxic when nhsorbed through ihe akin, inhaled as a vapor, or swallowed. Threshold limil. vnlne (skin), 5 parts per million. Odor deteetable a t 1 ppm. Excessive exposures cause respiratory paralysis. Fire Fighting Plmos: Only slight,ly soluble in w ~ t e r . To fight fi~.es,use water spray or log, carbon dioxide, "alcohol" fosm, and dry chemical. If fire involves storage tanks, keep tanks c a d wit,h water. Protection is reqilired from toxic vapors given OR at, elevated temperat,ru.eq.
~
Vo!ume
Usual Shipping Containers: Glitss bottles, cans, drums, tank vehicles, tank cars, tank barges. Slomge:
P~.oteetagainsL physical dnm-
(Continued on page ASOO)
45, Number 3 , March 1968
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1 Safety . . . age. Locate storage area away from any area whe1.e the fire hazard may be acute. Outside or detected st,orsge is preferred. Inside storage should be in x standard flammable liquids storage room or cabinet. Inspect cont,ainersfor leaks.
Remarks: See Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (NFPA XI,. 30), N ~ t i a n a lElectrical Code (KFPA Xu. iOj, Fire-Hazard Propehes of Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids ( S F P A 325M), Chemical Safety Datx Sheet SD17 (hlnnofadnring Chemists' Association, Inc.).
BENZENE C,H, Descriplion:
Colorless liquid with aro-
matic odor.
Fire and Ezplosion Hazards: Flammable liqnid. Vapor forms explosive mixtures with air. Flammable limits, 1.3 and 7.17,. Flash point, 12'F. Ignition temperature, 1044'F. Liquid is lighter than water (specific gravity, 0.9). Vapor is heavier than sir (vapor-air density a t 100°F, 1.4) and may travel considerable distance to s. source of ignition and flash back.
Life Hazard: Breathing of high concentrations of benzene m y cause acute poisoning and deat,h. Repeated inhalation of low concentrations often results in severe or iatal anemia. Also x skin and eye irritant. Threshold limit value, 25 ppm Wear self-contained breathing apparatus. Firc Fighting Phases: Use water spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam. Wear self-contained breathing apperabun. Usual Shipping Containers: Small glass bottles, 1-gal cans, 5- to 55-gal met,nl drums, tank cars and tank trucks. Tank barges.
Slorage: Protect against physical damage. Outside or detached storage is preferable. Inside storage should be in a &andard flammable liquids storage room or cabinet,. Remarks: Only Class I, Grol~pD electrical equipment permitted in atmosphere containing benzene vapors. See Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (NFPA No. 30). Nat,ional Electrical Code ~
~
-
. - ~
~ ~
,
~~
~
,
No.
i i ) , Lightning ~rot,eeti& Code (NFPA No. i s ) , Fire-Hazard Properties of Flitmmable Liquids, Gases and Volatile Solids (NFPA Xo. 32531), and Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-2 (Manufacturing Chemists' .4ssorintion, Inc.)
Description:
A colorless, mildly am-
mat,icgas.
Fire and Ezplosion Hazards: Flammable gas. Forms explosive mixtures
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with air. Flammable limits, 2 and 11.57,. Ignition temperaLwe, 804°F. Reavier than air (vapor dcnsit,y, 1.9) and may travel a comiderahle distance to asourceof ignition and flash hack. Usi~sllycontains inhibitors t.o prevent selfyalymerizstion (which is aeeompilnied by evolution of heat,) and lo prevent formation of peroxidw. At elevat,ed t,empelv.tures, such as in fire conditions, polymerization may take dace. If the nnlvmoriaation takes " place in a container, there is possibility of violent rupture of the contninw.
.
Life Harnd: Slightly toxic but may cause asphyxiat,ion by exelitsion of oxygen. Slight respirnt,ory irritant. Direct enpewion on skin may emlie freem bmns. Threshold limit value, 1000 ppm. Wear self-contained breathingapparatus. Fire Fighting Phases:
Stop flow of gas.
Use water spray to keep containers cool. D o not extinguish unless necessary t o effect a n immediate shutoff of flow. D r y chemical nnd carbon dioxide can be used to enting~~ish bittadiene firs.Wear selfcontained breathing apparntw.
Usual Shipping Conloinera: Liqnefid in steel pressrue cylinders, tank cars, Lank barges. Slomge: Protect against physical damage. Outside or detached storage is preferable. Imide storage should be eonfined t o a fire-resistive roam, pl.operly cut, offfrom remainder of building, provided with adeqttate ventilniion and free of sources of ignition. SLol.e cylinders vertically and do not stack. D o not store with oxidizing material. Butadiene vapa1.s are uninhibked and may form pcdymers in vents or flame arresters of storage t,anks, r c d t i n g in sloppage of vents.
Remavks: Eleclriaal inrtallatians in Class I hazardous locat,ions, as defined in Art,icle 500 of the National Electrical Code, should be in accordance wit,h Article 501 of the Code; and electrical equipment, should be suitable for w e in at,mospheres cmntxining bnt,adiene gas. See Explosion Venting Guide ( N F P A No. 68), NaLional Electrical Code (NFPA No. 70), Static Eleotricity (NFPA No. 771, Lightning Protection Code (NFPA No. 7R), FireHazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Volatile Solids iNFPA No.
CRESOL (ortho-Cresol, meta-Cresol, paro-Cresol) CH,CsH40H
ortho
met* and ,,are.
Description: Ortho-cresol, colo~~lexs liquid or crystnls (melting point, 87.6'F). Meta-cresol, c a l o ~ k s s liquid (melting point, 53.6-F). Para-oresol, colorless crystals (melting point,, 9 4 . 6 T ) . Commer(Continued on page AtOB)
Safety
...
cia1 cresals wually are liquids a t ordinary temperatures. All cresols have characteristic sweet tarry odor.
Fire and Ezplosive Hazards: Combustible liquids. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air. Lower flammable limits: artho-cresol, 1.35% ( a t 300°F); commercia1 meta-pars-cresol, 1.06% ( a t 30ZDF). Flash paint: ortho-cresol, 178'F; metaand para-cresols 187'F; commercial metapara-cresol, 202'F. Ignition temperature: ortho-eresol, llOODF; meta-paraeresol, 1038'F. Liquid cresols are slightly heavier than wster (specific gravity, 1.031.05). Life Hazard: Corrosive to body tissues. Toxio by inhalation, skin absorption, and swallowing. Threshold limit value, 5 ppm. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus. Fim Fighting Phases: Use carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, or wster spray. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus. Shipping Containers: Glass bottles, 10- and 5.5-gal metal drums, 55-gal metal barrels, t,ank trucks, tank cars, tank barges.
Usual
Storage: Protect against physical damage. Outside or detached storage is preferable. Inside storage shnold be in a
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Journal o f Chemical Educofian
standard flammableliquids storage room or cabinet. Remarks: See Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (NFPA No. 30), National Electrical Code (NFPA No. 701, FireHaeard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids (NFPA No. 325M), and Chemical Safety Data Sheet S D 4 8 (Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Inc.).
DIOXANE-1,4 OCHsCHzOCH&H2 Descriplion:
Colorless liquid.
Fire and Ezplogion Hazards: Flsmmahle liquid. Vapor forms explosive mixtures with air over a wide range. Flammable limits, 2.0 and 22'35. Flesh point, 54-F. Ignition temperature 3 5 6 T . Vapor is heavier than air (vaporair density a t 100DF,1.2) and may travel a considerable distance to a, source of ignition and flash back. Liquid has the same density as water and is soluble in wster. Dioxane is capable of forming explosive peroxides under certain conditions, and unless proper precautions are taken, it can explode when redistilled. Life Hazarcl Eye skin, and respiratory irritant. Toxic amounts may be absorbed through the skin and repeated inhalation exoosures to low concentrations
Fire Fighting Phases: Use water, "Aloohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Wear goggles and self-contained breathing apparatus.
U-1 Shipping Containers: Bottlw, cans, and metal drums. S h a g e : Protect against physical damage. Outside or detached storage is pra ferred. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage room or cabinet. Isolate from combustible or oxidizing materials and d l possible sources of ignition. Rema~.ks: Electrical installations in Class I hamrdous locations, as defined in Article 500 of the National Electrical Code. should be in accordance a i t h Article 501 of the Code; and electrical equipment should be suitable for use in atmospheres containing diaxane vapors. See Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (NFPA No. 30) and Fire-Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Volatile Solids (NFPA S o . 3 2 3 1 ) .
ETHYLENE OXIDE CH,OCH,
Description: Calorlesi gas a t ordinary temperatures; liquid below 51°F; has an ether-like odor. Fire and Ezplosion Hazards:
breathing apparat,iw
@
(Continued on page .1205)
Flam-
Safety..
.
Usual Shipping Containers: Steel cylinders, drums, i n d a t e d tank cars, tank barges.
mable liquid with boiling point of 51'F. Vapor form- explosive mixt,u~eswith air over wide range. Flammable limits, 3 and 100%. Flash point, less than 0°F. Ignition tempernt,we in air, 804'F; ignition temperature of 10070 ethylene oride, 1058°F. Liqnid is lighter than water (specific gravity, 0.9). \'apor is heavier than air (vapor density, 1.5.) and may t r w e l considerable distance to a source of ignition and Rash back. Dnngernosly reactive; may rearrange chemically and/ or polymerize violelnly with evolurion of heat, when in contact with highly acl.ive catalytic sul.faces such as anhydrous chlorides of iron, tin, and sluminom, pure oxides of iron and alnminum, and alkali metal hydroaides. Although soluble in water, salnt,ions will continne t o burn until diluted t o approximately 22 volumes of water t,o one volume of ethylene oxide.
Storage: Protect against physical damage. Should he kept coal, below 86°F. Shaald be stored outside, away from buildings and other materials, in insdatod tanks or contair~ers, shielded from sun-heat, provided with cooling facilit,iei and protected by s. properly d e i i g r d water-spray system. Adequate diking and drainage should be provided in t,arlk area to confine and dispose of liquid ill case of tank rnpture. Avoid pit.s and depressions. Inside storage should be held to a minimnm and confined t o a stsndwd fire-resistive flammable liquids sborage room, provided with continnou ventilntion and free of sources of ignition. I h not permit chlurides, oxides, acids, organic bases, dkali metal hydroxides, metnllie potassium or other comh~tslible materials in storage room.
Life Hazard: Moderately toxic by inhalation; eye, skin, and respiratory irritant; prolonged contact with skin may result in delayed burns. Threshold limit value of vapor, 50 ppm. Wear selicontained breathing apparatus.
Remarks: Electlied installat,ions in Class I hazardous loent,ion5, as defined in Article 500 of t h e National Elecbricnl Code, should be in nccardance with Article 501 of the Cade; and electrical equipment should be suitable for w e in stmospheres containing ethylene oxide gas. See Flemmable and Combustible Liquids Code (NFPA No. 30), Nxtiond Eleotriosl Cade (NFPA No. 70), Static Electricity (NFPA No. i i ) , Lightning Protection Code (NFPA No. 78) and FireHazard Propertie. of Flsrmmi~hleLiquids, Gases and Volatile Solids (NFPA No. 33ShI).
Fire Fighting Phases: Shut off flow of liquid or gas. Keep containers cool with water spray. Do not extinguish unless necessary t o effect a n immediate shutoff of flow. D r y chemical or carbon dioxide can be used t o extinguish ethylene oxide fires. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Volume 45, Number 3, March 1968
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