Preface T H E R H E O L O G Y O F S U R F A C T A N T S O L U T I O N S has been the focus of industrial and academic research for much of this century, only during the past decade has a quantitative understanding of the underlying phenomena begun to emerge. This understanding of the causes of flow behavior and the development of reliable models takes us beyond empirical characterization of individual samples and provides the ability to predict the behavior of whole classes of systems. In addition, the rheological behavior of these solutions provides a tool for gaining insight into the dynamic behavior of surfactants and the various selfassembling structures that they can form. Although further advances in our understanding of the rheology of surfactant solutions will continue, we have reached a point at which predictive tools can be successfully applied to the solution of many relevant problems. Many papers have been published on this topic, and a number of excellent review articles have appeared in journals and as chapters in more general books on surfactants. To date, however, there has not been a comprehensive volume that deals exclusively with the subject. This book assembles for thefirsttime a collection of papers on the rheology of surfactant solutions that range from discussions of theoretical models to a review of some of the practical industrial applications of these systems. Topics covered include the rheology of solutions containing novel surfactants, mixed surfactant systems, and solutions containing polymers and/or other additives. The modeling of viscoelastic surfactant phases in both the linear and nonlinear regimes is reported. The underlying structures responsible for the rheology are covered in many of the chapters, and include discussions of cryo-transmission electron microscopy, small-angle neutron scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, light scattering, timeresolved fluorescence quenching, NMR spectroscopy, rheo-optical techniques, and optical probe diffusion as methods for studying the link between structure and rheology. The effect of shear fields on solution structure and phase behavior is also considered. The multidisciplinary nature of the field is reflected in the range of backgrounds represented by the authors of this book. For example, solutions of cylindrical surfactant micelles provide an opportunity for the study of "living polymer" systems. Other surfactant systems form liquidcrystalline phases and "self-assemble" in ways that often mimic biological membranes. The wealth of phenomena and the analogies with other
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A L T H O U G H
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Downloaded by UNIVERSITA DI ROMA LA SAPIENZA on September 24, 2016 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: December 9, 1994 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1994-0578.pr001
fields of condensed matter physics, physical chemistry, and biophysics makes the research reported here of interest to physicists, pharmaceutical scientists, chemical engineers, polymer scientists, mechanical engineers, and chemists. Almost one-fourth of the chapters include industrial authors representing the surfactant, pharmaceutical, petroleum, personal care, and chemical industries. Contributing authors represent the United States, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, Netherlands, Israel, Spain, and Australia. The book is arranged in five sections. The first section (Chapters 1-4) as well as the first chapter of each subsequent section (Chapters 5, 18, 23, and 25) provides sufficient review material to serve as an introduction to the topic for people just entering the field. At the same time, these chapters and the remainder of the book contain enough new material to provide a comprehensive update of the international research in progress in this important area of colloid and surface science. Acknowledgments
The symposium on which this book is based was made possible by the very generous support of Helene Curtis, Inc., Henkel Corporation, Stepan Company, and Witco Corporation. Additional support was provided by Bohlin Instruments, Inc. and Physica USA, Inc. The funding provided by these companies made it possible for us to bring together a large group of researchers including a very significant percentage of the internationally recognized leaders in this field. We thank these donors for their important contribution to the success of the symposium. We also thank Liang Bin Chen, Wei Mei Sun, Michelle A. Long, and Trefor A. Evans for their assistance during the symposium and during the editing of this book.
C R A I G A. H E R B
Helene Curtis, Inc. 4401 West North Avenue Chicago, IL 60639-4769 R O B E R T K. P R U D ' H O M M E
Department of Chemical Engineering Olden Street Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544-5263 August 31, 1994
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