partment of Chemical Engineering, Morgantown, West Virginia, May 1971. (6) Burton, R. S., “Fluid Bed Gasification of Solid Waste Materials,” M.S. Thesis, West Virginia University, 1972. (7) Engler, C. R., W. P. Walawender and L. T. Fan, “Synthesis Gas From Feedlot Manure: A Conceptual Design Study,” Report No. 52 of the Institute for Systems Design and Optimization, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, December 1973. (8) Wen, C. Y., R. C. Bailie, C. Y. Lin and W. S. O’Brien, “Production of Low BTU Gas Involving Coal Pyrolysis and Gasification,” presented at 165th National Meeting, ACS, April 1973. (9) Herzog, K. L., H. W. Parker and J. E. Halligan, “Synthesis Gas
from Manure,” presented at 73rd National Meeting, AIChE, June 1973. (10) Cox, J. L., E. J. Hoffman, R. W. Hoffman, W. G. Willson, J. A. Roberts and D. L. Stinson, “Gasification of Organic Waste,” presented at 165th National Meeting, ACS, April 1973. (11) Fu, Y. C., E. G. Illig and S. J. Metlin, “Conversion of Manure
to Oil by Hydrotreating,” presented at 166th National Meeting, ACS, August 1973. (12) . . Kiane. K. D.. H. F. Feldmann and P. M. Yavorskv. “Hvdro“ gasificazon of Cattle Manure to Pipeline Gas,” presented at 165th National Meeting, ACS, April 1973. (13) Schlesinger,M. D., W. S. Sanner and D. E. Wolfson, “Energy from the Pyrolysis of Agricultrual Wastes,” presented at ACS Meeting, New York, August 1972. ( i 4 ) Engler, C. R., W. P. Walawender and L. T. Fan, “The Potential of Manure Pyrolysis for Ammonia Production and Electric Power Generation in Kansas,” Report No. 61 of the Institute for Systems Design and Optimization, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, September 1974. (15) Tsukishima, Kikai Co., “Mynicipal Refuse Pyrolysis with Two Circulating Fluidized Beds, Kankyo Sozo, 6 (74), 61 (1974). (16) Buividas. L. J., I. A. Finneran and 0. J. Quartulli, “Alternate Ammonia Feedstocks,” C h e m . Eng. Progr., 70 ( l o ) , 21 (1974). “ I
Received for revieu April I , 1974. Accepted August 6, 1975.
Homogeneous Gas Phase Chemiluminescence Measurement of Reactive Hydrocarbon Air Pollutants by Reaction with Oxygen Atoms Arthur Fontijn’ and Roy Ellison AeroChem Research Laboratories, Inc., P.O. Box 12, Princeton, N.J. 08540 1 A continuous flow method for measuring total (photo-
chemical smog) reactivity of dilute hydrocarbon mixtures is described. The difference between the OH(A2Z-X211)emission intensities a t 308.9 and 312.2 nm from 0-atom/hydro>> carbon reactions near 1 torr is measured. For C2H4, 1308.9 1312.2 while for CzH2, 1308.9 = 1312.2. All other hydrocarbons, HC (olefinic, dienic, paraffinic, and aromatic), tested yield the same spectral distribution as C2H4; CH4 yields no observable emission. Two photomultiplier tubes are used for measurement a t 308.9 and 312.2 nm, respectively. The apparatus is zeroed by adjusting the gain of the PMTs so that the device does not respond to CzH2. By adjusting operating conditions, the relative response to the individual reactiue HC species can be set to give good agreement with reactivity ratings. The response to HC mixtures is additive. A limit of sensitivity of =0.2 ppm of CsH4-equivalent HC and a linear response to individual HCs to >lo00 ppm are obtained. This sensitivity range is sufficient for mobile engine exhaust bag sample monitoring; greater sensitivity for ambient air-monitoring applications would appear feasible. CO, COz, SO*, CH4, C2H2, and NO, do not interfere with apparatus response. A 1% change in [ 0 2 ] causes
