How to Create a Safer and More Sustainable Lab Through

9/9/2015

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ACS Green Chemistry Institute “Catalyzing and enabling the implementation of green chemistry and engineering throughout the global chemistry enterprise.”

Science

Education

Industry

Advancing research & development for global challenges

Advocating progress in education & communication of green chemistry principles

Accelerating industrial adoption of green chemistry

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“How to Create a Safer and More Sustainable Lab Through Green Chemistry”

David Finster Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Hygiene Officer, Wittenberg University

Joseph Fortunak Professor of Chemistry, Howard University

Jeffrey Whitford Director of Global Citizenship, Sigma-Aldrich

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How to Create a Safer and More Sustainable Lab Through Green Chemistry

David C. Finster Wittenberg University September 10, 2015

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Today: Green (or sustainable) chemistry is motivated by… … a desire to protect the environment as the “chemistry is done”. (The “EPA” side of chemistry.)

Safe chemistry is motivated by… … a desire to protect lab and industrial workers from the harmful effects of chemicals and chemical processes. (The “OSHA” side of chemistry.)

Is there a connection between chemical safety and green chemistry?

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” Overview Review of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry … and how they connect to in-lab (or in-plant) chemical safety – or not.

Inherently Safer Design and Green Chemistry Green Chemistry as in integral step in lab safety 15

Audience Survey Question ANSWER THE QUESTION ON BLUE SCREEN IN ONE MOMENT

How many of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry, when followed in the lab, necessarily also make the lab a safer environment? • • • •

4 7 10 12

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Well, some of this should be obvious…Green Principle #12: #12. Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires.

Photo Credit: Jason Safoutin “Pool chemical fire Buffalo NY”

Photo Credit: FEMA, "Phillips Petroleum Chemical Plant Explosion and Fire -- Pasadena, T exas"”

The implied goal here is to protect the environment but, as this goal is addressed, the lab and manufacturing facility also become safer for employees. 17

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#1 Prevention It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.

Wastes present hazards to individuals. Less waste  safer for employees. 18

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#2 Atom Economy Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product. eg, Wittig Reaction

% Atom Economy = (MM of atoms utilized / MM of all reactants)•100% % Atom Economy = (96/374)•100% = 26%

CH2=CH2 + Cl2  ClCH2-CH2Cl

vs.

%Atom Economy = 100%

Fewer (potentially) hazardous by-products  safer for employees.

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#3 Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.

Less toxic substances  safer for employees.

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#4 Designing Safer Chemicals Chemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity.

Less toxic substances  safer for employees.

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“ #5 Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used.

Safer (or no!) solvent(s)/auxiliary agents  safer for employees

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#6 Design for Energy Efficiency Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.

Ambient T and P  safer for employees.

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#8 Reduce Derivatives Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups, protection/deprotection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimized or avoided if possible, because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste.

Fewer reagents/intermediates  fewer hazards  safer for employees. 24

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#9 Catalysis Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.

Milder conditions  safer for employees. 25

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#11 Real-time analysis for Pollution Prevention Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances. “You cannot control what you cannot measure.”

Prevention of real-time, in-process hazards  safer for employees.

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Less Important Principles with Respect to Employee Safety:

#7 Use of Renewable Feedstocks A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practicable.

#11 Design for Degradation Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products and do not persist in the environment. So: 10 of the 12 principles of Green Chemistry also protect people in the lab and in manufacturing facilities. 27

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Let’s reverse this: Is there any instance where making the lab safer for workers (“OSHA”) compromises a Green Chemistry Principle or otherwise harms the environment?

Image Credit: http://www.vsifans.com

Lab/Plant Exhaust:

Using Chemical hoods

Plant Ventilation 28

Image Credit: http://www.medicalexpo.com/prod/esco/product-75366-542491.html

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A Sampling of Presidential Green Chemistry Awards Year 2005

Award Synthetic Pathways

Process Efficient Synthesis of a Chemotherapy Anti-Nausea Drug

Safety Aspect Eliminates operational hazards: sodium cyanide, dimethyl titanocene, & gaseous ammonia

2006

Small Business

2007

Reaction Conditions Academic Small Business

Safe Solvents & Reclamation in Flexographic Printing Synthesis of H2O2 by Selective Nanocatalyst Preparing Boronic Esters Stabilized Alkali Metals

Elimination and reduction of hazardous solvents Eliminates hazardous chemicals & reaction conditions Eliminates solvent & halides Reduces hazard by encapsulating alkali metals Eliminates solvents, strong acid catalysts & high temperatures

2008 2008 2009

Synthetic Pathways

2009

Reaction Conditions

Solvent-Free Biocatalytic Process for Cosmetic and Personal Care Ingredients Protein Analysis without Hazardous Chemicals or High Temperatures

2010

Reaction Conditions Synthetic Pathways

Synthesis of Sitagliptin for Treatment of Diabetes Production of Basic Chemicals from Renewable Feedstocks

Eliminates high-pressure hydrogenation

Reaction Conditions Synthetic Pathways

MAX HT Bayer Sodalite Scale Inhibitor Biocatalytic Process to Manufacture Simvastatin

Eliminates sulfuric acid & hazardous mechanical tasks Eliminates hazardous reagents

2011 2012 2012

Eliminates sulfuric & hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, & metal catalysts

Eliminates organic solvent, high pressure, & high temperature

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Inherently Safer Design

Green Chemistry Principles

Substitute: replacing one material with another that is less hazardous

# 3 Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses # 4 Designing Safer Chemicals # 5 Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries

Minimize: reducing the amount of hazardous material in the process

#2 #4 #8 #9

Moderate: using less hazardous process conditions such as lower pressures or temperatures

# 6 Design for Energy Efficiency # 12 Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention

Simplify: designing processes to be less complicated, and therefore less prone to failure.

#8

Atom Economy Designing Safer Chemicals Reduce Derivatives Catalysis

Reduce Derivatives

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Which strategy is most effective with regard to protecting chemists in labs? • • • •

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Lab Safety Training Engineering Controls (eg, chemical hoods) Elimination of Lab Hazards

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Another way to see how Green Chemistry fits into laboratory safety from an OSHA perspective…

Adapted from: https://www.osha.gov/dsg/safer_chemicals/why_transition.html See: http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/greenchemistry/what-is-green-chemistry/principles/green-chemistry-principle--12.html Contributed by Shelly Bradley, Campus Chemical Compliance Director, Hendrix College; Dr. David C. Finster, Professor of Chemistry, Wittenberg University; and Dr. Tom Goodwin, Elbert L. Fausett Professor of Chemistry, Hendrix College

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Safer

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Conclusion(s):

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Our Purpose

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What are the biggest opportunity areas for Green Chemistry? • • • •

More engagement among scientists. Better products to implement Green Chemistry. More information about “greeness” and what makes a product “greener.” Spurring innovation – new ideas we have not conceived yet.

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Greener Chemistry: Roadmap 1

SIGMA-ALDRICH’S HOLISTIC APPROACH

1. Anastas, P. T.; Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice; Oxford University Press, Inc.: New York, 1998.

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Greener Alternatives Platform

Re-Engineered 12 Principles Aligned Enabling Technologies -Enzyme & MatSci Products for Alternative Energy and Energy Storage

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The Sigma-Aldrich Approach to Green Chemistry

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30+

Green Chemistry Centers

Scientists

Products Re-Engineered

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Greener Alternatives: Re-engineered Products

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1-Aminobenzotriazole Old Process

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Greener Alternatives: Re-engineered Products

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Greener Alternatives: Aligned

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Greener Alternatives: Aligned

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Transparency at Sigma-Aldrich

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You can find these products and more information at www.sigmaaldrich.com/greener 48

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Customer Engagement

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What do you think the biggest challenge holding back Green Chemistry implementation? • • • •

My science works - why change it? It’s too expensive. Not enough experience with Green Chemistry. What are you talking about…we are green!

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Green Chemistry Education Advocacy

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You can find these products and more information at www.sigmaaldrich.com/greener 52

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“Delivery Options to Support Dose Escalation in Preclinical Toxicology and Pharmacodynamic Activity Studies” Evan Thackaberry, Senior Scientist, Genentech Peter Wuelfing, Principal Scientist and Director, Merck


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The Call for Symposia is Now Open!

www.gcande.org

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How has ACS Webinars benefited you?

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“ACS Webinars benefit me by bringing me new ideas and new concepts in entertaining and memorable ways, that enrich and enhance both my professional life, my personal life, and my career goals! Thank you for making a difference through the ACS Webinar Series!”

Susanne Rohner, District Hazmat Manager California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) District 2 - Division of Maintenance - Hazmat Operations

Be a featured fan on an upcoming webinar! Write to us @ [email protected]

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facebook.com/acswebinars @acswebinars youtube.com/acswebinars

Search for “acswebinars” and connect! 58

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Benefits of ACS Membership Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) The preeminent weekly news source.

NEW! Free Access to ACS Presentations on Demand® ACS Member only access to over 1,000 presentation recordings from recent ACS meetings and select events.

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ACS Webinars does not endorse any products or services. The views expressed in this presentation are those of the presenter and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the American Chemical Society.


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“Delivery Options to Support Dose Escalation in Preclinical Toxicology and Pharmacodynamic Activity Studies” Evan Thackaberry, Senior Scientist, Genentech

Peter Wuelfing, Principal Scientist and Director, Merck


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How to Create a Safer and More Sustainable Lab Through

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