Part I1 (210 pages) deals with special applications of individual surfactants, including rust inhibition, sludge dispersion in oils, germioidal applications, and textile finishing. This section also reviews the methods used for analysis of surfactants. Part 111 (153 pages) reviews work on the physical and colloidal chemistry of surfaee-active agents. I t surveys literature on adsorption, micelle properties, saluhilizatian, foaming, wetting, emulsification, and detergency. This portion of the baok might well have been expanded s t the expense of Parts I1 and IV. However i t furnishes an excellent start for surveys of the literature in the important areas covered. Part IV (196 pages) discusses the use of surfactants in industries such as laundering, metal cleaning, textile processing, A. C. Z E ~ L E M ~ Y E R drugs, cosmetics, flotation, fertiliaers, inLehigh University secticides, leather, and paints. Bethlehem, Pmmglvania Since this book is actually a supplement which bring8 the original volume up to date, the user may often have to refer baok to Volume 1. It is to be hoped that the next edition will appear as a single integrated work. Meanwhile this volume Surface Active Agents and Detergentsand its predecessor constitute a valuable Volume 2 and unique reference work for both college and industrial libraries. Anthony M . Schwartz, Harris Research Laboratories, Washington, D. C.; J a m s IRVING REICH W. Perry, Western Reserve University; Lever Brothers Reseawh Cenler Julian Berch, Harris Research LahorEdgewater, Arm Jersey atories. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New Ymk, 1958. xv 839 pp. 16 X 23.5 cm. $17.50.
to instead of the more pertinent ones;
examples are the work of Schwah on defect oxide supported metals, and of Schulman and Pethica on biologically important films. Indeed, for study of a. specified area of surface chemistry, examination leads one to a feeling that too little meat is served with too much dessert. The section on Repulsion of Electric Double Layers is new hut there is no evidence therein for the state of matters regarding the Verwey-Overheek versus Dejsguin controversy. Nor is the eontrovemy on the attraction forces between colloidal particles brought up rtt all. I t must be emphasized, however, that, in its way, this hook is exoeedingly useful. This reviewer is pleased to have it available on his bookshelf.
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During the last 15 years, surfactants have found very important applications in almost every branch of technology. Concurrently there has been an enormous inorease in research relating to these &gens, leading to important advances in surface and colloid chemistry. The present hook, together with the earlier volume, is the most comprehensive and useful work covering this broad field. Volume 1 covered literature up to the beginning of 1947: Volume 2 covers the oeriod 1947l l M , .\s m V h m c I, 1I.c h r h ~ u r I.?* t~ I ~ w n r~vit.a.ml w r y rllomugl,l\. irderd. l ' h r surhor index l i w npprownnrrly Id100 names. Frequently the style is curt, resembling that of an "annual review." Brief summaries of many publications are presented without adequate critical evaluation. However, some important topics are discussed in s. more oonneoted and critioal manner. This is partioulsrly true of the evcellent chapter on the physicochemicsl basis of detergency. Part I (146 pages) describes the organic structures and syntheses of the various detergents and surfactants. This section is small as compared to the corresponding part of Volume 1. During the last decade, a greater proportion of effort has gone into studying the physieoehemicsl properties snd the applications of surfactants, rather than into synthesizing many new ones. The authors might well have devoted more s y c e to the increasingly important nonionic and ampholytic agents. Nevertheless, this section, along with the corresponding part of Volume 1 , is the best account of the orgrtnio chemistry of the surfactants which exists. The patent literature is referred to extensively.
52
/
Journal of Chemical Education
How to Problems
Solve
General
Chemistry
C. H . Sorum, Professor of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, 184 pp. 15 X 23 N. J., 1958. viii cm. Paperbound. $2.25.
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This second edition of a self-teaching review of first-year college chemietry principles is a distinct improvement over the first edition published in 1952. This edition runs to 184 pages and 550 problems as contrasted with 157 pages and 500 problems in the first edition. The extra space is utilized not only for additional prohlems, hut also in expanded discussions whieh precede each group of problems, many of whieh are now explained in greater detail. As before, several alternative methods itre shown. Answers are provided in three ways: ( 1 ) detailed solutions (161 problems), ( 2 ) numerical ansuws, now placed a t the back of the hook (174 problems), and ( 3 ) answers not in the book, but avsilabk from the author or publisher (215 problems). Most of the problems are the same as in the first edition, but in some eases the data have been changed. I n this edition, the author has taken pains to see that the data and answers are consistent with respect to significant figures. Material not in the first edition includes Fehrenheit-Centigrade conversion prohlems, pound-atomic weights, ton-atomie weights, pound atoms, ton atoms, the
general gas law equation, the hydrolysis constant, and a chapter on stoichiometry of mixtures. Deletions include pOH, equivalent volume, and a chapter on the concept of chemicsl factors, the use of which the author previously regarded as the ideal method of solving problems. Rearrangement of chapters brings the material on Btoichiometry together. Minor modernizing changes include the use of formula weight instead of molecular weight when referring to ionic compounds, and the replacement of P20s by PdOlo. The useful data provided in the appendix of the first edition are also found in the second. The wide scope and attractive format will probably result in the adoption ~roblem of this volume as a suonlementarv .. hook in many general chemist6 bourses. Its coverage is virtually identical with "Sohaum's Outline of Theory and Problems for Students of College Chemistry." GEORGE B. KAUFRUN Fresno State College Fresno, California
Textbook of Organic Chemistry
Carl R. N o l h , Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University. 2nd ed. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1958. x 654 . DD. . 16.5 X 24 em.
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I n this second edition, as was done in the Erst, the author presents a thorough coverage of the preparations, reactions, and uses of organic compounds. The hook has many outstanding features. One is the presentation of reaction mechanisms such as aromatic substitution and the oxidation of aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes. The effect of intermolecular forces on the physical properties of organic compounds is included. Attention is given to the industrial uses of organic chemicds. The contents of the hook, in order of presentation, include 219 pages on aliphatic compounds; 91 on proteins, derivatives of carbonic and thiocarhonic acids, stereoisomerism and carbohydrates; 138 on aromatic compounds; 30 on heterooyclics; 47 on color, dyes, dimes, and synthetic rubbers, chlorinated and fluarinated hydrocarbons; 46 on polyfnnctionals; 20 on alicylic and terpenes; and 15 on ~r~anometallics.A set of review questions and a set of problems are included a t the end of each chapter. A periodic table of the elements and an atomic weights table are found in the rear of the book. Pertinent information concerning prominent organic chemists ie given in footnote form. Although the second edition was not completely rewritten, some of the material from the first edition was eliminated while other material was reorpanieed. A considerable amount of new information has been added. Whereas the first edition contained a specific chapter on mechanisms of organic reactions, mechanisms m e generally well integrated with the appropriate fsotud information in the (Cmtinued 0 7 ~page A381
