Jan. 5, 1958
IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITIES INVOLVING MULTIPLEUNITSOF GALACTOSE
in 60 ml. of hot water. Cooling produced 1.50 to 1.74 gd (60-68%) of the somewhat impure flavin, m.p. 285-286 dec. This slightly impure material (4.66 8.) was divided into three lots, each of which was dissolved in hot water and poured into a column packed with a mixture of 150 g. of Magnesol and 150 g. of Hi-Flo Super-Cel. The column was washed with 10% acetone in water and the flavin eluted with 50y0 acetone in water. The eluate was evaporated t o dryness and the residue recrystallized by dissolving in hot water. The yield was 3.09 g. of flavin, m.p. 288-28918 dec. This material is identical in all respects to that prepared by the previous procedure.6 Chromatography.-The flavins were chromatographed by the descending method on Whatman #1 paper using the upper phase of a water (5)-n-butyl alcohol (4)-acetic acid (1) system. The flavins were found to have the following Rf values: riboflavin, 0.35; 6-methyl-7-ethylflavin, 0.48; 6-ethylilavin, 0.50; 6-ethyl-7-methylflavin, 0.51, and 6,7-diethylflavin, 0.62 .19 Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra.-All ultraviolet absorption spectra were determined with a Beckman quartz spectrophotometer, model DU. The compounds were dissolved (18) Reference 6 reported m.p. 284-285. (19) T h e prevailing atmospheric temperature was between 85 and SOOF. during these runs. On an earlier occasion H. V. Aposhian and J. P. Lambooy, THIS JOURNAL, 7 7 , 6368 (1955), b y means of the ascending method, found the Rf values of three of these flavins to be; riboflavin, 0.30; 6-ethylflavin, 0.43; and 6,7-diethylflavin, 0.54.
113
in water and measurements made on solutions whose concentrations were 5.00 mg./l. for riboflavin and 5.02 mg./l. for the 6-ethyl-7-methymavin and 6-methyl-7-ethylilavin. The spectra were almost superimposable. The values for E for the maxima and minima were found to be as follows: riboflavin, maxima: ( E ) 267 mp (32,100), 373 mp (10,400), 447 mp (12,300); minima: 306 mp (1050), 402 mp (6800); 6-ethyl-i-methyl-9-(1'-~-ribityl)-isoalloxazine, maxima: 268 mp (32,500), 374 mp (10,300), 447 mp (12,200); minima: 306 mp (l,O90), 402 mp (6,800); 6-methyl-7-ethyl-9-(1'-~ribity1)-isoalloxazine, maxima: 268 mp (32,100), 375 mp (10,500), 448 mp (12,400); minima: 307 mp (1,090), 402 rnp (6,900).
Acknowledgments.-The author is pleased to acknowledge the assistance given by a number of people: to Drs. J. B. Dickey and E. B. Towne of the Tennessee Eastman Corporation for the use of a battery of high pressure autoclaves; to Dr. F. W. Holly of Merck and Co., Inc., for the Dribamine used in this study; to Dr. M. Lane of the National Cancer Institute for the information that Magnesol is an excellent adsorbent for the flavins, and t o Mr. W. 0. Holleman of the Westvaco ChlorAlkali Division of the Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation for the Magnesol. ROCHESTER 20, AT.Y.
[CONTRIBUTION FROM THE INSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY, RCTGERS,THE STATE UNIVERSITY AXD THE DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE,THECOLLEGE O F P H Y S I C I A S S AND SURGEONS, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY AND THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL]
Immunological Specificities Involving Multiple Units of Galactose. 111.' B Y MICHAELHEIDELBERGER, s. ALANBARKER^
AND
BERTILBJORKLUND3
RECEIVED JULY 31, 1957 Further cross reactions of D-galactose-containing polysaccharides with Type XIV antipneumococcal serum are explored. Periodate-oxidized specific polysaccharide of Type XIV pneumococcus precipitates less than one-half of the antibody in the antiserum, confirming the importance of the eliminated non-reducing end groups of D-galactose in the over-all Type XIV pneumococcal specificity. I t is also inferred that such groups are present in the specific polysaccharide of the anthrax bacillus, in a cold-soluble fraction of agar, and probably in the mucilage of okra pods. Serological confirmation of the presence of non-reducing end groups of D-galactose also is given for corn fiber hemicellulose.
I n the first two papers of this series4r5i t was shown t h a t the cross-reactivities in Type XIV antipneumococcal sera of a number of galactosecontaining polysaccharides of known constitution could be used t o obtain advance information on the linkages of the galactose which occur in the capsular, immunologically type-specific polysaccharide ( S XIV) characteristic of the virulent, or mucoid, form of pneumococcus Type XIV.6s7 A study of the hydrolytic products of the methylated derivative of S XIV has already confirmed the prediction of non-reducing end groups of D-galactose and identified as 1,3-linked a t least a portion of the galactose predicted as bound in 1,3-, 1,6- or 1,3,6-1inkages.* (1) These studies were carried out mainly under a grant from the National Science Foundation to Rutgers University. (2) Fellow of the Rockefeller Foundation, from the Department of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, England. (3) Wallenberg and Swedish Cancer Society Fellow, a t Columbia University, from the State Bacteriological Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. (4) M. Heidelberper, Z. Dische, W. Brock Neely and M. I,. Wolfrom, THISJ O U R N A L , 77, 3511 (1955). (5) M. Heidelberger, i b i d . , 77, 4308 (1955). (6) W . F. Goebel, P. B. Beeson and C. L. Hoagland, J . Diol. C h i n . , 129, 455 (1939). (7) M. Heidelberger, S. A. Barker and M. Stacey, Science, 120, 781 (1954). (8) Private communication from Dr. S. A. Barker.
Moreover, the uronic acid originally reported in a galactan isolated from beef lungg was shown to be D-ghlcuronic acid by the unexpected reactivity of the galactan in Type I1 antipneumococcal serum, a finding later confirmed by chr~matography.~ The glucuronic acid .could also be shown to be a component of an impurity in, or degradation product of, the principal polysaccharide by the far greater content of uronic acid in the carbohydrate recovered from the specific precipitate in the Type IT antiserum than in the polysaccharide derived from the Type XIV precipitate or in the original galactan. An extension of these findings to other galactose-containing polysaccharides seemed indicated by these promising beginnings, and the present paper records some additional results. Experimental A preparation of the specific polysaccharide of B . anthrucis," isolated from cultures grown in the guinea pig," was kindly supplied by Dr. H. Smith, while two other poly(9) M. L. Wolfrom, D. I. Weisblat, J. V. Karabinos and 0. Keller, Arch. Biochem., 14, 1 (1947); M. L. Wolfrom, G. Sutherland and M. Schlamowitz, THIS JOURNAL, 74, 4883 (1952). (10) G. Ivbnovics, 2. Immunilatsforsch., 97, 402 (1939); 98, 373 (1940). (11) H. Smith and H. T. Zwartouw, Biochem. J.. 66, viii (1954); 63,447 (1956); B. R. Record and R. G. Wallis, ibid., 63, 453 (1956).
114
;\!hCHAEL
PKECIPIrATION O F Substance
Pn C' sX Y
HEIDELBERGER, s. ,4L.4N BARKERAND BERTILBJORKLUND
POLYSACCHARIDES I N
Unabcorbed serum
1.0M L .
TABLE I TYPEXI!'
OF
Pn C a
rINTIPSELXOCOCCAL
Vol.
HORSESEK1;Sf 633
Sitrogen in + g . , precipitated from antiserum absorbed wlth Oxd. Anthr. P n C, S XIV Anthrax Carob carob red cells
+
AT
so
0"
Coldsol. agar
47
1010 I O ~ - o ~SdS I Y 427 .Iiitlirax 219 C,trobs 159 (:ux 204 T,tmarind seed' 94 .Irabogalactan, Jeffrey pines 215 19 Crq ptococcus Culd-sol. agar 257 Corn fiber hemicellulose 207 56 48 Okra C-, or group-specific, carbohydrate of Pneumococcus. ic' b? the agar; cf. Table I1 for actual amounts.
867 289* 66
91 41
830, 770'
209
109 52
41
96
* Single determination.
s:Lccharides from in vitro cultures of tlie same micro6rganisin1* were furnished by Dr. Rydon. Of samples of the spccific polysaccharides of Cryptococcus A, B and Cl3 sent by Dr. E. E. Evans, only the first precipitated the Type XIT' antiserum used. Carob mucilageI4 was kindly supplied by Prof. E. L. Hirst, a sample of the closely related guar ~nucilage'~ by Prof. Fred Smith, and one of okra mucilage16 by Ik. R . L . m'histler. Corn fiber (corn hullj hemicellulose",18 was furnished by the Corn Products Refining Co. tlirougli tlie courtesy of hIr. Norman Kennedy. X generous smnple of the arabogalactan of the Jeffrey pine'g was supplied by Prof. W. 2 . Iiassid. The S XIV used was given by E. R . Squibb and Sons, through the courtesy of Mr. T. D. Gcrlough, and was further purified by several treatiiiciits of its aqueous solution with chloroform and butanolz0 and precipitation with isopropyl alcohol after addition of sodium acetate.z1 Tamarind seed polysaccharidez2 mas obtained through the kindness of Drs. E. 1'. White and F. E. Brauns. Cold-soluble agar was prepared as fol1on.s: 10 g. of Difco "bactoagar" was shaken vigorously for 2 min. with 200 ml. of water and filtered through paper. The filtrate, 110 ml., was treated with 4.5 g. of crystalline sodium acetate, adjusted to pH 7.1, and precipitated with 300 inl. of 9570 ethanol. After 2 lir. a t 0" the mixture was filtered on hardcued paper mid the precipitate was washed with ethanol and dried; yield 0.19 g. or 27, of the original agar. Subsequent prcparatioiis O i l a larger scale were fractionated aud are t o be discussed in a s e p x a t e communication. S XIV (21.6 nig.) was treated with 76.9 ing. of Na periodate in 50 ml. of water a t 25' in the dark for 5 days. Salts were reiiiovcd by dialysis and t h e oxidized S XIV (OS) was recovered by freeze-drying. Solutions were prepared by suspciision of weiglied aniimiits in 0.9yG NaC1 solution, additioii of a drop of S SaOH solution uiitil clear, atlid neutraliziition 11-ith -'J HC1. (12) J . E. Cave-Brown-Cave, E. S. J. Fry, H.
914 257
S.E1 Khadem and H .
K.Rydon, J . C h e m SOC.,3860 (1954). (13) E. E. E v a n s , J . Immuizol., 64, 423 (1930); E. E. Evans and J . W .Mehi, S i i e n c e , 114, 10 (1861); E. E. Evans and J. F. Kessel, J . Immtinol., 67, 109 (1951); E. E. E v a n s and R. J. Theriault, J. Bucicriol., 65, 371 (19a3). (11) E. L. Hirst and J. K. X. Jones, J . C h e m . SOL., 1278 (1948); F. Smith, THIS J O U R N A L , 7 0 , 3219 (1948). (18) I . E. Wise and J. W. Appling, I n d . Eng. C h e m . , A i d . E d . , 16, 28 (1944); Z . F. Ahmed and R. L. Whistler, THISJ O U R X A L , 72, 2524 (1950); C . hL. Rnfique and F. Smith, ibid., 72, 4634 (1950). (IO) R. L. Whistler and H. E. Conrad, ibid., 7 6 , 1673, 3344 (1954). (17) I
