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Food Safety and Toxicology
Impact of Iron-enriched Aspergillus oryzae on Iron Bioavailability, Safety and Gut Microbiota in Rats M. B. Reddy, and Seth M Armah J. Agric. Food Chem., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01758 • Publication Date (Web): 31 May 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on May 31, 2018
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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Impact of Iron-enriched Aspergillus oryzae on Iron Bioavailability, Safety and Gut Microbiota in Rats
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Manju B. Reddy1#, Seth M. Armah1*
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*Current address: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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RUNNING TITLE: Iron-rich Aspergillus oryzae
Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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#To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Manju B Reddy, PhD
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Mailing address: 706 Morrill Road
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220 Mackay Hall, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
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Telephone: 515-294-2024
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Fax: 515-294-6193
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Email:
[email protected] 16 17 18 19
Manju Reddy has conflict of interest with Cura Global Health, Inc.
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ACS Paragon Plus Environment
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
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Abstract
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Background. Iron deficiency is a leading global nutritional problem. Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) is
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the most common iron source used for supplementation. Because of many side effects associated
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with its consumption, it is important to identify new forms of iron. Objectives. To assess the
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bioavailability of iron-enriched Aspergillus oryzae, Aspiron® (ASP), evaluate the toxicity of
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high-dose iron supplementation with ASP; and determine ASP impact on gut microbiota in rats.
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Methods. In this study, we investigated iron bioavailability using hemoglobin repletion test.
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Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen levels were
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determined to evaluate the effect on liver and kidney function. Protein carbonyls were measured
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to assess oxidative damage to proteins. Fecal samples at the end of the 14-day repletion period
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were used for 16S rRNA sequencing for gut microbiota analysis. Slope ratio method using a
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common intercept-linear regression model was used to compare the bioavailability of the ASP to
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FeSO4. Results. Iron repletion increased hemoglobin concentrations with both ASP and FeSO4
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treatments compared to control group, except in the lowest ASP group. The slope ratio indicated
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that relative iron bioavailability of ASP was 60% that of FeSO4 when hemoglobin change was
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compared to iron in the diet. Similar results were obtained when absolute iron intake was
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compared based on food consumption. Compared to the control, protein carbonyl concentrations
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were significantly (P
