465
INDEX
Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on May 29, 2018 | https://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: February 14, 1992 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1992-0484.ix002
Nabisco Brands, Inc., 2 National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 232 National Food Processors Association, 48 The Pennsylvania State University, 297 The Procter & Gamble Company, 391 Reed College, 181 Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, 149 RJR Nabisco, 73 Rutgers, The State University, 243,278
Technical Assessment Systems, Inc., 214 U.S. Department of Agriculture, 250,429 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 41 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 26,99,105,132,140,261,419 University of Minnesota, 346 University of Nebraska, 316 The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 8 University of Wisconsin—Madison, 36,316 William S. Middleton V A Hospital, 316
Subject Index Aging, antioxidants, 369,371 Alkaloid toxicology Absorption cell membrane disruption, 451 distribution, metabolism, and excretion cholinesterase inhibition, 451 studies, 90-91 dietary effects, 453 olestra, 393-394 embryotoxicity, 453 Accum, Frederick, food adulteration types spina bifida, 451 and detection methods, 16 teratogenicity, 453-454 Active ingredient, definition, 42 Allergenic food proteins Activity, definition for QSAR, 182 acid stability, 323 Acute and chronic toxicity testing, common features, 321,323 food additive safety assessment heat stability, 323 dosing protocols, 10 list, 321,322* L D ^ values, 99-100 molecular size and shape, 323 structure, 323-324 maximum tolerated dose, 100-101 novel foods, 102-104 Allergic reactions, description of types, standards for valid negative 316,318 carcinogenicity bioassays, 102 Ames test, reliability and relevance, 93 Acute toxicity Amino acids, precursor of N-nitroso definition, 214 compounds, 408 function of tests, 89 Analytical chemistry, 15-16 Adulterated food, definition, 264 Anaphylactoid reactions, description, 324 Aeromonas hydrophila, food poisoning, 234 Andreas, Marggraf, analytical chemistry, 15 Aflatoxins Animal feeding studies, IFBC food safety com, 264 assessment recommendations, 96 Animal safety testing, review of current cottonseed and cottonseed meal, 265,269r,273 trends, 88-97 imported food products, 265,270f,273 Antibody-hybridization technique, milk and milk products, 265,270f,273 extended-shelf-life foods, 246 occurrence, 264 Anticipated residues peanut products, 265,266i,271 controlled studies, 217-220 potency estimates, 55-56 monitoring data, 220-222 regulation, 264-266* Antimicrobial substances, wholesomeness of tree nut products, 265,267f,271 food, 2
Finley et al.; Food Safety Assessment ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1992.
FOOD SAFETY ASSESSMENT
Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on May 29, 2018 | https://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: February 14, 1992 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1992-0484.ix002
466 Antioxidants controversies surrounding use, 348 coronary artery disease, 366-368 definition, 347 food processing, 371-372 future research needs, 372-373 health benefits, 346,358-368 health risks, 354-358 mechanism, 347-348 risk-benefit ratio for food processing, 372 structures chelators, 348,349/ enzyme-catalyzed lipid peroxidation inhibitors, 348,353/ lipid-soluble natural chain-breaking compounds, 348,352/ lipid-soluble synthetic chain-breaking compounds, 348,351/ water-soluble chain-breaking compounds, 348,35Qf tumor formation, 309-310 types, 347 wholesomeness of food, 2 Appert, Nicholas, heat processing and vacuum packaging, 18 Article handling, Good Laboratory Practice, 116 Artificial intelligence, food process control systems, 167-168 Arylamines, precursor of N-nitroso / compounds, 408 Aryltriazenes, 183-184 Aseptic processing of particulate-containing food systems, 244 Aspartame food idiosyncrasies, 326 postmarketing survey, 207-213 Assize of Bread, description, 10 Atherosclerosis formation, 360 oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins, 360 Β Bacillus cereus, target of food-processing systems, 245 Bacterial mutagenicity assays advantages, 79-82 description, 77
Bacterial mutagenicity assays—Continued disadvantages, 84,85; food safety assessments, 84,86 influencing factors, 82-84 limitations, 79 methodology, 82-83 physical-chemical factors, effect on test materials, 83-85; predictability of short-term assays, 77,79,81; prediction of carcinogenicity, 77 strains used in Ames assay, 83,85; utility, 80,82 Bacteriophages, microbial safety in extended-shelf-life foods, 246 Basic four food groups guidelines vs. actual consumption, 282,284/ See also Food groups Bible, references to food safety, 9 Biological activity, W-nitroso compounds, 402,403/ Biology, olestra, 392-393 Biotechnology, public perception, 39 Bliss, dose-response principle, 13 Boyle, Robert, tests for food safety evaluation, 16 Breastfeeding, food allergy development, 320 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, ethyl carbamate in foods, 420,421; Butylated hydroxyanisole, 356-358
C Calcium intake of women 19-50 years of age, 287,291/ tumor formation, 307 Caloric intake, tumor formation, 301-302 Campylobacter, foods implicated in outbreaks, 238; Campylobacter jejuni food poisoning, 234 target of food-processing systems, 244 Cancer dietary practice, 297 environmental factors, 297 inhibition by antioxidants, 369
Finley et al.; Food Safety Assessment ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1992.
467
Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on May 29, 2018 | https://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: February 14, 1992 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1992-0484.ix002
INDEX Cancer—Continued See also Diet-carcinogenesis relationship, Tumor formation Cancer death rate statistics, pesticide health risk determination, 56-57 Carbohydrates, tumor formation, 303-304 P-Carboline-3-carboxylic acid, precursor of W-nitroso compounds, 408 Carboxypeptidase inhibitor assay, 437 Carcinogen(s) classifications, 60,61* food sources, 60 plant foods, metabolic activation, 300-301 sequences of carcinogenesis, 60 Carcinogen potencies, probability distribution, 135-137/ Carcinogen testing, decision point approach, 60,62* Carcinogenesis-diet relationship, See Diet-carcinogenesis relationship Carcinogenesis process, 299-300 Carcinogenicity, antioxidants, 356*-358 Carcinogenicity studies bioassays, 91,92* standards for negative bioassays, 102 weight of evidence indices, 92* β-Carotene coronary artery disease, 367-368 tumor formation, 304 Celiac disease description, 326 mechanism, 316 α-Chaconine, structures, 430,431*,434,435/ Chain interruptors, mechanism, 347-348 Cheese dip potential hazards, 126* risk-assessment worksheets, 126-12
