INDEX
Downloaded by FLORIDA STATE UNIV on June 20, 2013 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: June 1, 1969 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1969-0088.ix001
A Accelerated aging 115 tests 231 Activation energy 248 Additives for altering burning rate 54 Additives and modifiers 91 Adhesives 34 Adiabatic-compression sensitivity test 365 Adiabatic flame temperature . . . . 45 Advanced fuels and oxidizers . . . . 316 Advanced oxidizers 321 Agglomerates, mixing time vs. breakup of 7 Aggravated aging 76 Aging 231 accelerated 115 aggravated 76 humidity 113 propellant degradation during . . 232 of solid propellants 188 stability of polyurethane propellants 112 thermal 114 Air dispersion powder filling apparatus . 15 Aluminum 31,51 Ammonia-perchloric acid 264 reaction zone 271 Ammonium perchlorate 3, 30 decomposition of 246 Analog propellant 259 Anisotropy 226 A/PA 264 Arcite 38 Arrhenius plot 233, 238 Asphalt 84 Autoignition temperature 59 Aziridines 129, 135
Β Ballistics properties of CTPB propellants Beryllium Biaxial correction factor Binder components, propellant crosslinked polymeric decomposition of effect of elastic modulus of -filler interaction -filler interface Binders chemistry of propellants based on chemically crosslinked . . . .
116 158 31 221 166 87 197 249 101 106 199 84 67
Binders (Continued) solid propellants based on polybutadiene Biot's theory ΒΙΡΑ BISA ΒΙΤΑ Blending Bonding agent on propellant me chanical properties, effect of . . Bonding of propellants Booster application British detergent Brittle temperature Bromine-oxygen compounds Bulk degradation Burning of hydrazine droplets mechanism of rate . .46, 120, 251, 272, 277, 279, additives for altering low pressure metal wires to increase particle size vs of PVC plastisol propellant . . Butadiene propellants, compositions of high energy Butarez C T L
122 22 163 163 163 10 112 144 306 38 75 327 248 378 245 355 54 275 56 253 48 123 163
C Carboxyl groups, prepolymer containing 81 Card-gap test 59,367 Case bonding 34 Cast double-base propellant, manufacture of 1 Casting 16 powder composite-modified 2 double-base 2 manufacture of 4 parameters 12 single-base 2 theory of 18 Cavity formation Ill Centrifuge tests 359 Characterization of liquid propellants 344 Charge manufacture, propellant . . 14 Chemical compatibility of liquid propellants 344 crosslinking 31 reaction rate 271 stability 358 of fuels 340
In Propellants Manufacture, Hazards, and Testing; Boyars, C., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1969.
Downloaded by FLORIDA STATE UNIV on June 20, 2013 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: June 1, 1969 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1969-0088.ix001
392
PROPELLANTS
Chemistry of propellants based on chemically crosslinked binders 67 Chemorheological methods 239 Chlorine oxides 327 Chlorine oxygen fluorides 331 Classed propellant explosive 59 Colloided spheroidal nitrocellulose 30 Columnar diffusionflamemodel . . 259 Combustion characteristics 305 efficiency 249 of liquid propellants 369 products 58 research, similarity principles in theoretical 369 Compatibility of liquid propellants 357 Complex shear modulus 212 Composite double-base propellants 197 -modified casting powder 2 propellant 67 solid propellant processing techniques 165 solid propellants, low pressure burning of 244 Compositions, typical propellant . . 2 Constraint parameter 226 Copper chromate 55 Coupling functions 377, 380 Critical diameter 367 Crosslink density 71,217 Crosslinked binders, chemistry of propellants based on chemi cally 67 Crosslinked polymeric binder . . . . 197 Crosslinkers 89 Crosslinking 78 Cryogenic propellants 320 Crystallization of polymer 75 CTPB 123, 162 propellants, ballistic properties of 158 propellants, curing agents for . . 128 Cumulative damage 227 Curing 17,20,37,60 agents for CTPB propellants . . . 128 theory of . 18 Cyclic methylene nitramines 30
D DDT Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate Deflagrative reaction vs. detonation Deformation history Degradation during aging, propellant Densities by various mold-filling techniques Density of casting powders, solvent vs. . . impulse Depolymerization DER-332
298 246 298 224 232 16 12 6 303 79 163
MANUFACTURE,
HAZARDS,
A N D TESTING
Detonation, deflagrative reaction vs. 298 Dewetting 199 Dielectric heating 42 Diffusional mixing 264 Diffusion equation 374 Diffusion flame 250 model, columnar 259 Dilatometer 200,201,203 dual 24 Dissociative sublimation 247, 266 Double-base casting powder 2 propellant, composite 197 propellant, manufacturing of cast 1 Droplet burning 370,386 rate 382 Drop weight test 364 Drying 9 Dynamic lag 277 Dynamic testing 211,214
Ε Effective bulk 24 Elastic modulus of binder, effect of 101 Electrostatic liner application . . . . 183 Electrostatic sensitivity 299 Elongations, ultimate 79 Embrittlement 231 End-bonded specimens 192 End-burning grains 57 Energetic fuels 31 Energy equation 267 Energy, mechanism for deriving . . 336 Engineering properties 304 Epon-X801 163 Epoxides 131,134 Equivalence ratio 283 ERLA-0510 163 Evacuation 16 Exothermic curing reactions 73 Expanding gas flows 371 Explosive liquids 298 Extensometer 191 Extinction 278,283
F Failure criteria 219 of solid propellants 188 Failure strain 221 Failure surface 220,226 parabolic 224 Filler interaction, binder106 Filling apparatus, air dispersion powder 15 Finishing 9 Fixed launch site systems 307 Flame propagation 371 structure 245 theory, granular diffusion 264 thickness 272 gas-phase 278 Flow, steady one-dimensional . . . . 373
In Propellants Manufacture, Hazards, and Testing; Boyars, C., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1969.
393
INDEX
Fluorine-based oxidizers Fluoroamino compounds Fluoroxy compounds Formulation of PVC plastisol propellant Formulations, solid propellant . . . Fuel, decomposition of Fuels, energetic Fuels and oxidizers, advanced . . .
329 332 330 44 197 249 31 316
Downloaded by FLORIDA STATE UNIV on June 20, 2013 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: June 1, 1969 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1969-0088.ix001
G Gap testing 299 Gasification 265 Gas mixtures, similarity in 385 Gas-phase flame thickness 278 Gelation 338 Gelling agents 339 hydrocolloid 340 Glass transition temperatures 167 Grain design, propellant 4 Granulating 8 Grinding 173-4 Granular diffusion flame theory .251, 264
H Halogen fluorides 333 Halogen-oxygen compounds 326 Hazard testing of liquid propellants 296,344 HC-434 163 Heat of combustion 319 Heat of polymerization 73 Heat generation 213 Heterogeneous fuels 334 Heterogeneous reaction 263 High energy butadiene propellants, composition of 123 High explosive, solid propellant vs. 297 Humidity aging 113 Hycar CTB 163 Hydrocolloid gelling agents 340 Hydrolytic cleavage 87 Hydrostatic pressure 225 Hydrazine 369 droplets, burning of 378
I IDP Ignition Impact testing Inert diluent process Inhibitor Injectors Instability behavior Insulating Iodine-oxygen compounds Isocyanates
163 371 298 33 63 369 277 182 327 90
J Jacketed compressibility JANAF specimen
25 191
Κ Kinetic rates
248
L Lab scale testing 362 Larger scale testing 366 Lewis number 374 Limiting molecular weight 71 Liner application, electrostatic . . . . 183 Liners 34,115 Lining 182 Liquid bipropellant applications . . 312 Liquid propellants characterization, chemical com patibility, storability, and hazard testing of 344 combustion of 369 prepackaged 347 storability and compatibility of 357 systems 301 Liquid ranges 309,310 Long term tests 360 Loss modulus 212 Low pressure burning of composite solid propellants 244 Low pressure burning rates 275
M Macaroni operation 7 Magnesium 51 MAPO 163 Matrix, influence of 100 Mechanical properties 99 effect of bonding agent on propellant 112 stability 359 stabilization 337 strength 73 Mechanism for deriving energy . . 336 Metal as an ingredient 51 Metal hydrides 31 Metals, finely divided 81 Metal wires to increase burning rate 56 Methane oxidation 383 Microstructure data for prepolymers 89 Military applications 306 Miner's Law 228 Mixer comparisons 180-1 Mixing 5 pneumatic 185 propellant 176 time vs. breakup of agglomerates 7 Mobile weapon systems 307 Modifiers and additives 91 Moisture embrittlement 102 Moisture and volatiles 12 Mold filling 14 techniques, densities by various 16 Molten fuel 284 Molten surface 245 Monomer formation 249
In Propellants Manufacture, Hazards, and Testing; Boyars, C., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1969.
394
PROPELLANTS
Monopropellants Mooney-Rivlin plot Multiaxial testing Multicomponent propellants, utilization of
248, 370 218 204 336
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Ν Nitrocellulose 1 plastisol propellants 29 spheroidal 32 Nitrogen fluorides 331 -oxygen fluorides 331 oxides 323 -oxygen compounds 322 Nitroglycerin 1 Nitronium compounds 326 Nitric acid and nitrates 324 Nitroparaffins 326 Nitrosyl compounds 326 Nitryl compounds 326 Noble gas fluorides 333 Noble gas-oxygen compounds . . . . 328 Nondestructive testing for solid propellants 234-7 Non-Newtonian propellants 349
Ο OH components, polyfunctional . . 89 O/F 264 One-dimensional model 267 Oronite-6 163 Oxidant-fuel flame 264 Oxidation mechanism 378 Oxidizer particle size 47, 285 distribution of ground 64 Oxidizer preparation 174 Oxidizers 30 advanced fuels and 316 Oxygen-based oxidizers 322 Oxygen fluorides 330 Ozonides 327
Ρ Particle size distribution of ground oxidizer 64 Particle size vs. burning rate . . . . 253 PBAA 123,162 PBAN 123,163 Pentaerythritol trinitrate 31 Perchloric acid and perchlorates . . 327 Performance criteria, generalized . . 308 Peroxides 327 Phase properties 320 Physical properties vs. temperature 44 Plasticizers 30,72 for PVC 38 used in solid propellants 90 Plastisol propellants applications of PVC 63 formulation of PVC 44 manufacture of PVC 59
MANUFACTURE,
HAZARDS,
A N D TESTING
Plastisol propellants (Continued) nitrocellulose 29 poly ( vinyl chloride ) 36, 38 Plateau burning 253 Plateau propellants 3 Pneumatic mixing 185 Poker chip test 207-9 Polybutadiene binders, solid pro pellants based on 122 Polybutadienes 89 Polyfunctional OH components . . 89 Polyesters 87 Polyethers 88 Polymer, crystallization 75 Polymer, decomposition 249 Polysulfide polymers 68 Polyurethane-based propellants . . 84 Polyurethane propellants, aging stability of 112 Polyurethanes 78 Poly (vinyl chloride) plastisol propellants 36, 38 Potassium perchlorate 30 Potlife 92 Powder cutting 8 Power ( energy rate ) balance . . . 229 Particle size, oxidizer 285 Prandtl number 374 Premix 175 Prepackaged liquid propellants . . 347 Prepolymer containing terminal carboxyl groups 81 Prepolymers, microstructure data for 89 Pressure curing 34 Pressure dependence 276-7 of reaction times 271 Pressure exponent 251 Pressure-vacuum casting 17 Processing techniques, composite solid propellant 165 Propellant chemistry 68 Propellant tailoring 310 Properties, propellant 196 PVC plastisol propellant applications of 63 burning rate of 48 composition of 38 formulation of 44 manufacture of 59 safety characteristics of 58 viscosity of 39 Pyrolysis 250
Q Quickmix
184
R Radiative heat loss 249,264.277 Ram pressure 17, 24 Rates of diffusional mixing 267 Reaction times, pressure depend ence of 271
In Propellants Manufacture, Hazards, and Testing; Boyars, C., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1969.
395
INDEX
Rheological properties Rheology Robane Rocket propellants, liquid
351 341 163 301
Downloaded by FLORIDA STATE UNIV on June 20, 2013 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: June 1, 1969 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1969-0088.ix001
S Safe storage life 233 Safety characteristics of PVC plastisol propellant 58 Screen loading density 13 Screw extrusion 61 cure 40 Second-order transition 75 Shvab-Zeldovich procedure 373 Silver wires 56 Similarity in gas mixtures . . . . . . 385 Similarity principles in theoretical combustion research 369 Similarity relations 373, 378 Simple shear test 206 Single-base casting powder 2 Slurry 29 viscosities 352 Sol fraction 217 Solid composite propellants 82 Solid-phase reactions 246, 263 Solid propellant based on polybutadiene binders 122 formulations 197 vs. high explosive 297 low pressure burning of composite 244 mechanical properties 188 plasticizers used in 90 processing techniques 165 Solvent pressures 17, 24 Solvent vs. density of casting powder 6 Spacecraft control 307 Space exploration 306 Specific impulse 45,116,302,316 of selected propellant systems, theoretical 309 theoretical 335 Spherical flaw growth 230 Spheroidal nitrocellulose 32 colloided 30 Spray burning 371 Stability of fuels, chemical 340 Stability of polyurethane pro pellants, aging 112 Stabilizer, PVC 39 Stabilizers 30 Steady one-dimensional flow . . . . 373 Steady-state approximation 372 Storability of liquid propellants . 344, 357 Storable propellants 320 Storage characteristics 76 Storage modulus 212 Strand burner 356
Stress-strain cycling Strip biaxial test Structural failure of solid propellants Subatmospheric pressures Sublimation, dissociative Superperoxides Surface decomposition Surface temperature Swelling
203 205 189 282 266 327 245 278 14, 217
Τ TEAT Telagen C T Temperature, physical properties vs Terpolymer Testing, hazard Testing solid propellants Thermal aging cleavage cycling layer theory wave thickness Time-temperature equivalence . . . Trauzl test Two-temperature postulate
163 163 44 80 296 188 114 86 227 261 278 212 364 246
U UDMH Ultimate elongations Uniaxial failure envelope Uniaxial test Uniformity Unmixedness Unsaturated polyester Upper stage propellants Urethane reaction Useful life
369 79 221 190 13 257 77 306 85 231
V Vibration tests Viscoelastic materials Viscometers Viscosity of PVC plastisol Volatile component Volatiles, moisture and Volume change
360 194 169,171 31,299 39 76 12 26
W Weight average particle size . . . . Wetting agent
47 39
Y Yield stress
In Propellants Manufacture, Hazards, and Testing; Boyars, C., et al.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1969.
351
