THE CHEMICAL WORLD THIS WEEK universities. The view of the leaders in Germany, as interpreted from Dr. Bretschneider's discussion, is that they do not plan to assume the mission of developing •a system of training chemical engineers along the lines iLsed by universities in the United States. Rather, it was urged, they should concentrate on finding ways to educate chemists and engineers who understand each other's problems and can work together. Above all, it was declared, chemists should be educated in such a way that it is clear to them that condtions in the academic laboratory are much more nearly ideal than those met in practice. It should be made emphatically clear that the mere pouring of acid from a container into a
reaction mixture or a simple technique such as filtering represents a complicated problem requiring special study in industrial practice. Likewise the engineer should have enough fundamental training in chemistry to be conversant with the chemist. But this is as far as the formal training should go, it was indicated—to develop chemists and engineers w h o can speak each other's languages and understand each other's problems in order that they can "work together smoothly in industrial practice. It is in the sphere of cooperation b e tween chemist and engineer that D E C H E M A , through its publications, congresses, and information service can aid in the development of understanding of
I îM33a!IllIH3GIî^BlI «If'-f-f^lBSlgSSQSO t
QUICK OPENING DOORS
f o r c u r i n g c h a m b e r s , vulcanizers, a n d s i m i l a r e q u i p m e n t , a r e quick—tight—bolt lesi. I n d i a m e t e r s u p t o 1 0 ft., t h e y m a y b e u s e d o n p r e s s u r e s up t o 2 5 0 p s i . X h e y a r e r i m - l o c k i n g ; manually o r mechanically operated. T h i s is o n l y o n e o f a l o n g l i n e o f B l a w - K n o x s t a n d a r d e q u i p m e n t i t e m s f o r the P r o c e s s I n d u s t r i e s . S e e B l a w - I C n o x Bulletin N o . 2 3 5 5.
PROCESS
EQUIPMENT
DEPARTMENT
BLAW-KNOX D I V I S I O N OF B L A W - K N O X C O M P A N Y 2087 FARMERS BANK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH 22, PA. Other
3300
Offices in Principal
INDUSTRY Plant f o r N i t r o g e n Products t o Be SuiSt fey Spencer C h e m i c a l C o .
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BLAW-KNOX
the fusing of chemical and engineering knowledge. T h e "Informations Tagung," a new idea this year, was organized as a bridge between the well-known A C H E M A expositions. While no large-scale equipment was displayed, equipment and apparatus companies had booths for the display of designs, pictures, and small models, where representatives were present at all times to discuss their products with interested visitors. In addition, about 5 0 papers were offered to the 3 1 0 0 people attending the meeting. The next full-scale exposition, A C H E M A X, will be held, it was announced, May 18 to 2 5 , 1952, in Frankfurt am Main. Since the time of the D E C H E M A meeting, announcement has been made of plans to hold the 25th International Congress for Industrial Chemistry in connection with ACHEMA X in Frankfurt.
Cities
CHEMICAL
A $ 1 4 million plant near Vicksburg, Miss., is being planned b y Spencer Chemical Co. It will produce anhydrous ammonia, with auxiliary nitric acid and ammoniating solution facilities to convert about 5 0 % of the ammonia to agricultural nitrogen, the rest to b e sold for industrial applications. ^he location was chosen because of its natural gas supplies, rail and water transportation facilities, a n d access to the southeastern markets, which are planned as the principal outlet for this plant. T h e National Production Authority has awarded the company a certificate of necessity allowing accelerated depreciation on 5 0 % of the cost, because it will be producing a critical material. The plant is scheduled for partial operation withm 18 t o 20 months and completion in two years. This construction follows upon the acquisition in May 1950 of a large ammonia plant at Henderson, Ky.
Pittsburgh Coke C o m p l e t e s Unit of N e w Research L a b o r a t o r y Pittsburgh Coke & Chemical Co. has announced completion of the first major unit of its n e w central research laboratories at Neville Island near Pittsburgh, Pa. The new unit more than doubles the company's available laboratory space and centralizes a number of research groups previously located at a number of different points o n Neville Island. R. M. Marshall, president of the company, stated that the n e w laboratories are designed to take care of the additional research requirements stemming from the company's expanding production of chemi-
AND
ENGINEERING
NEWS
New Text lg i i î i f t I lia il :m dl#t# rg e η t
zA COMPANY
The detergent base of many industrial and household cleaning com pounds, Oronite D-40 has dozens of other uses, Its versatility and high quality are characteristic of the chemicals made by Oronite— a dependable source of basic ingredients for, better products.
THREE T Y P I C A L ' INDUSTRIAL USES.OF Ε J
V SmOS
-REDUCTION
U s e o f D - 4 0 i n smog control sys tems, removes hydrocarbons from stack gasses and prevents the for m a t i o n o f undesirable emulsions in the "scrubbing" s o l u t i o n / I n ac tual practice this process has reduced exhaust smoke by as much as 90%, which offers^ a potential control o f s m o g conditions in industrial areas.
2
D-4©s
AGRICULTURE ' [
In addition t o its value in washing many fruits and vegetables, Oronite D-40 is a tremendous aid in peeling these foods^during canning and packing operations. T w o distinct advantages are obtained; 1) immer sion time and the concentration o f alkali can be reduced and 2) the fruits and vegetables retain better color.
Be sare SQ ?mnû tes ACS Diamond JabHae and the WORLD CHEMICAL CONCLAVE September 3 to f 5,1951 · flew Ysrfr City, Hew Yolk
st of otBer D e t e r g e n t Alkane D e t e r g e n t Slurry Detergent D-60 "Wetting A g e n t s Lu bri e a t i n g Oil A d dit Gresylic A c i d s
VSO^fe
ι wan t m ο re detailed * ActiveAgents,justwrite
Oronite
Gas O d o r a n t s Polybutenes S o d i u m Sulfonates Purified Sulfonate
3
CEMENT ^
T h e use o f Oronite D - 4 0 i n tueproduction of cement products, such as building blocks, provides many distinct advantages. The texture of the finished product is improved, water requirements reduced, plastic ity and workability are better and "stripping* ' from molds or forms is facilitated. In addition, the abrasivewear on mixing equipment is greatly^ reduced. A l l t h e s e contributions help cut production costs. Chemicals Orthô Xylene Para X y l e n e Xylol Aliphatic Acid
Phthalic A n h y d r i d e
info rma tio ?i us and
"lad to so
3 8 S A N S O M E S T , S A N F R A N C I S C O 4, C A L I F . ^ S T A N D A R D O I L B l D G : , L O S A N G E L E S 15, C A L I F . 3 0 R O C K E F E L L E R P L A Z A , NE W Y O R Κ 2 0 , N . Y . " 6 0 0 S. M I C H I G A N A V E N U E , C H I C A G O 5, I L L . M E R C A N T I L E SEC U R I T I E S - B L D G . , D A L L A S , T E X A S
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New Text . . .
for rapid,
accurate
THE C H E M I C A L W O R L D THIS WEEK
preparation
of Volumetric
Solutions.
. . . Laboratories requiring speed and accuracy are using Acculute w i t h excellent results. ACCULUTE SAVES TIME — O p e n the a m p o u l e — transfer the contents to a volumetric flask—-dilute to volume (10OO m l ) — y o u r v o l u m e t r i c s o l u t i o n is prepared.
Ί
ACCULUTE IS RELIABLE —Close control of the spe cial manufacturing proc esses insures uniformity of the product. Acculute does not vary in chemical con t e n t — you c a n d e p e n d on it. ACCULUTE IS ACCURATE —Each ampoule contains the precise concentrated equivalent of the normal ity stated o n the l a b e l . There is no need for sub sequent standardization. C a u s t i c s o l u t i o n s are lupplied in wax ampoules, >the in chemically resistant glass. others Complete instructions for preparing Acculute solutions are furnished with each unit. A special bulletin, listing Acculute con centrates with prices and discounts will be sent o n request.
New Text
New Text p H TEST PAPERS simple,
rapid,
cals. He pointed out that the research needs of the company's new fine chemicals division, expected to be in operation by the end of the year, were of immediate importance and that further expansion, primarily in the field of synthetic organic chemicals, is indicated in the future. The new laboratories are constructed primarily of Pittsburgh Coke & Chemical products. Precast concrete curtain walls, fabricated by the company's concrete prod ucts division, are hung on a steel frame of standard design. Floors and roof are of precast concrete structural members also made by the company. A Pittsburgh lightweight aggregate block is used for interior wall partitions. In addition, one of the company's bitumi nous coatings is used to seal all exterior walls and its synthetic coatings are applied to all exposed metal surfaces. Pittsburgh Coke & Chemical Co. is a leading producer of pig iron, coke, agri cultural chemicals, plasticizers, coal chemi cals, and activated carbon.
National Lead Acquires Charles Taylor Sons Co, Stock
accurate
Write for complete information and prices.
SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS · APPARATUS · CHEMICALS E. H. SARGENT & COMPANY, 4647 W. FOSTER AVE., CHICAGO 30, ILLINOIS M I C H I G A N DIVISION, 1959 EAST JEFFERSON STREET. DETROIT 7 , MICHIGAN S O U T H W E S T E R N D I V I S I O N , 5 9 1 5 PEELER STREET, DALLAS 9 , T E X A S
National Lead Co. has announced that it now holds all the capital stock of Charles Taylor Sons Co., and will operate it as a subsidiary under its present management. The latter concern, with head offices and a plant in Cincinnati and another plant in Taylor, Ky., manufactures specialized refractory materials in the high tempera ture field, mainly for the glass and metal lurgical industries. One of its major de velopments has been production of arti ficial mullite, which, with sillimanite and zircon, is one of the principal refractory materials. National Lead Co. produces and refines zircon, and has been interested for many years in the refractory field. It now oper ates a plant for development of refractories at Niagara Falls.
Potash Deliveries Beat Record Year by 4 6 % Potash deliveries in North America reached a record total of 1,712,281 tons potassium oxide during the fiscal year of June 1950 through May 1951, according" to the American Potash Institute. This represents an increase of 50% over 1ϋ *û 50 and 46% over 1948-49, the previous record year. A strike in the potash mines in the Carlsbad area reduced deliveries in 1949-50. Deliveries by the five leading American potash producers were well over any previous year and what are believed to be rather complete figures on importations indicate a possible record for these also. The deliveries were made in 46 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Hawaii, Canada, and a few other countries. Deliveries for agricultural purposes in the continental United States amounted to 1,495,057 tons potassium oxide, a 57% 3302
CHEMI
CAL
AND
ENGINEERING
NEWS
ALCOA
CHEMICALS
• · .fortunesenfi/MMjkeba New Text New Text During the 75 years since the founding of tLie American Chemical Society, the chemical and process industries have discovered that ALCOA Chemicals make * f good partners for good products." Remarkably versatile, these Aluminas ancî Fluorides have gone hand-in-hand with the Industry's progress—working wonders, increasing production, improving quality,, reducing costs. T h e y have a wide scope of beneficial applications. We'll gladly tell you how they can j o i n you in a partnership t h a t will make your future increasingly bright. ALCOA Aluminas are readily available* Write t o : A L U M I N U M C O M P A N Y O F AMERICA, CHEMICALS D I V I -
SION, 6 0 4 H Gulf Building, Pittsburgh 19, P a . W h a t c a t a l y s t d o e s yo>ur r e a c t i o n r e q u i r e ? Granular, fiuidized, sorptive, non-sorptive, porous, dense, active or neutral? There's an ALCOA Activated* Tabular or Calcined Alumina t o up-grade ^our catalytic process yields . . · reduce losses from contamination and side reactions. W h a t a r e y o u r bed—support a n d c o v e r p r o b l e m s ? ALCOA Tabular Alumina Balls are chemically and thermally stable a n d c a t alytically neutral. The*y offer economy . . . adaptability . · · better operation o f your reactor towers. W h a t d o y o u d r y ? HEow d r y d o y o u w a n t i t ? ALCOA Activated Alumina i s one of t h e oldest, m o s t reliable, tk-oroughlv proved de siccants for the dehydration o f liquids, gases and vapors. W h a t t e m p e r a t u r e does your process r e q u i r e ? Refractories £brtified with A L C O A Alumina will withstand the highest temperatures · · · last the longest. · . resist spalling and corrosive slags an«l gases. And t h i s performance goes up with, the ALCOA Alumina content!
QwecctttMimdcaa ALUMINAS and FLUORIDES
ACTIVATED ALUMINAS · CALCINED AIUMK1NAS · HYORATED ALUMINAS · TABULAR ALUMINAS · LOW SODA ALUMINAS ALUMINUM FLUORIDE · SODIUM FLUORIDE · SOOIUM ACID FLUORIDE · FLUOBORIC ACID · CRYOLITE · GALLIUM
VOLUME
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Λ-
Α Notable Contribution •
•
•
. . . has been made in the forward march of civilization through the great leadership of the American Chemical Society in the past seventy-five years. T h e chemist uses the gifts of nature for the benefit of mankind.
His professional society provides the tools of
publication of his research and gives association with like-minded people in scientific endeavor here and throughout the world· The founders could not possibly have envisioned the distinguished service of the American Chemical Society, but each generation of leaders has made possible an increasing contribution t o the nation's cultural, scientific, and material development.
Their vi sion and wisdom find fruition today in
the world's largest professional scientific society—a bulwark to the American way of life, and a beacon of light to the entire universe.
We salute the American Chemical Society
on its 75th -Anniversary.
i M d C f e j PRINTING COMPANY Easton, Pennsylvania
3304
CHEMICAL
Technical Publications
AND
ENGINEERING
NEWS
. . . α sign you can believe in You are apt to see this sign anywhere. It might be on a 'dozer "hogging out" a raw site for a refinery in Europe or the Near East; or on a 100-ton vessel in transit t o South America, Canada, or the Orient; or on the control board of a petroleum chemical plant on the Gulf Coast. It might even be as close as the cover of a proposal lying on your own desk. But wherever you see it, it symbolizes a project in capable hands—Lummus hands. It stands securely on its world-wide record—the designing and constructing of nearly 200 units of all types for the manufacture of motor gasoline, high octane aviation fuel, and fuel oils . . . more than 115 lube oil and wax processing plants . . . over 300 units for making chemicals and petroleum chemicals . . . and a score of complete refin eries and chemical plants. It's a good sign to look for, believe in, and rely on when you buy complete, integrated engineering service for your next project
Τ H Ε 3 8 5 C H I C A G O
DESIGNING
L 17 M M V S M A D I S O N •
A V E N U E ,
H O U S T O N
ENGINEERS ANO CONSTRUCTORS
•
NEW
L O N D O N
FOR THE
CO YORK ·
PETROLEUM
Ρ Λ M Y 1 7 ,
N . V .
C A R A C A S
ANO CHEMICAL
·
P A R I S
INDUSTRIES
J
V O L U M E
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3305
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Text
handled without fear of breakage, on the ground or in the air. Need to get a highly corrosive or expensive chemical somewhere in a hurry? The Plaxpak bottle is the answer. Take it high in the sky. Unequal pressures will cause it to flex, but not break or pop its closure. Drop it on the ground. It will bounce, but not break. Shipping weights are drastically reduced. When compared empty, the Plaxpak bottle is one-fifth the weight
of glass; when filled, one-half
the weight.
Only the best is New
New Text 3306
New Text
Text
New Text CHEMICAL
AMD
New Text ENGINEERING
NEWS
For Packaging Pharmaceuticals in liquid or powder form, the Plaxpak bottle offers the triple advantages of unbreakability, lightweight and, where desired, controlled dispensing as a spray, stream or droplet. Shown above are some stock bottles for medicinal use.
For laboratory Research the Plaxpak bottle provides the convenience of a n unbreakable, chemically inert container, and the added advantage of controlled dispensing. The stream dispensing fitment shown above was developed by S. H. Ansell & Sons, Boston, Mass.
For Boosting Turpentine Product ion the Plaxpak bottle has proven a n invaluable aid. It is used as a container for sulfuric acid, which is squirted into "wounds*· in the tree to increase sap flow. Safe, easy to handle and inert to the acid, the Plaxpak bottle speeds up operations, vastly increases manhour output and helps to lengthen tree productivity.
good enough PLAX
HELPFUL PLAX LITERATURE
CORPORATION
Subsidiary o f Emhart M f g . Co.
Catalogs on Plaxpak bottles and other Plax products are available on request. Also available is a booklet "Fabrication of Polystyrene."
P . 0. BOX 1019, HARTFORD 1. (ONN. I n C a n a d a , Plax Canada, Ltd., Toronto Sales Offices: N e w York City, Syracuse, Philadelphia, Cincinnati and Chicago.
Plax blow.molded products are made under the following V. S. Pate.: 2128239, 217S0S3, 217S054, 2230190, 2260750, 22837S1, 2349176, 2349177, 2349178, 2230188. «Rex. U. S. Pat. Off.
V O L U M E
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»
» AUGUST
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1951
3307
THE CHEMICAL WORLD THIS WEEK
•Jfc. ; -
*Μ»·ϋ
Lindsay is the world's largest producer of thorium and rare earth salts.
Wc ant
prepared t o furnish salts o f the f o l l o w i n g , cither in technical grades for commercial use, or in smaller quantities of h i g h purity. Cerium» Didymiuin, ljar»irl»««iimnt Neodymium, T h o r i u m , Gadolinium, Samarium, and Europium. The experience of 4 9 years and a m o d e m research laboratory completely equipped and staffed is available to you iox h e l p with your specific problems
Wc wel
come your inquiries
LINDSAY ]JGHT & GHEMIGAL COMPANY Dcpi C-SÎ, West Chicago, H I .
HELLIGE
TURBIDIMETER ^ . felYl
A TURBIDIMETER WITHOUT S T A N D A R D S Accurate · Foolproof · Universal
S t e a d y Progress Being M o d e in Furfural Plant Construction Quaker Oats Co.'s furfural plant going up i n Omaha, N e b . , at the July 1 stage of construction. T h e plant is expected t o be completed sometime i n October and is being b o u t to meet expanded demand for furfural a s a chemical intermediate, solvent in the refining of petroleum, and reactant i n resin manufacturing. Furfural is also required for the production o f synthetic rubber and other uses necessary t o the nation's mobilization program. Pictured are the acid and product storage tanks, the distillation and digester building, and the shop building. Not shown are the boiler plant and the handling, and storage facilities for the large tonnage of corn cobs used as raw material increase over last year. Canada received 00,757 tons* a decrease of 10*&; Cuba 12,395 tons, a n increase of 88%; Puerto Rico, "50.129 tons, an increase of 104%; Hawaii. 1 x 7 6 0 tons* a n increase of 18%. Illinois was the leading state for deliveries, followed in order by Georgia* Virginia, Ohio, and Maryland, each taking
more than 100,000 tons. Deliveries do not necessarily correspond to consumption in a given state. T h e 6 0 % muriate of potash continued t o be the principal grade, comprising 7 8 % of the total agricultural potash delivered. Sulfate of potash and sulfate of potashmagnesia together m a d e up 87r of deliv-
Squibb Replacing Drugs Destroyed in Kansas C i t y Flood E. B . Squibb & Sons i s replacing without charge the merchandise lost during the Kansas City flood i n drug s t jres such as the water-and-fire-damaged pharmacy shown above. D e s p i t e the damage, C. R. Emmick (left) expects to h a v e his pharmacy back in business within t w o weeks. Paul Huffman, secretary of the Kansas City Retail Druggists Association, and Jack Watkms, president of association, h a v e helped to organize their members into 5 0 teams o f five m e n each t o assist stricken drug stores in t h e area. Marvin C. Former, district sales manager for Squibb, is helping t o rush Squibb products to t h e area as replacements for medicines damaged or destroyed b y the disaster
New Text WRITE FOR CATALOG No. 8000-A
HELLIGE INCORPORATED
37» NORTHERN «VOL lOMC ISLAND CITY 1. MX
930ft
CHEMICAL
AND
ENGINEERING
NEWS
Can faster rinsing speed up your process? If fast, thorough rinsing is important to your chemical operations, try speeding up your process ing time with
AIMSOr WETTING MINTS These fast acting compounds obtain quick results . . . produce closer contact between the rinsing sur face and the liquid wash that is used. Other advan tages include better wetting, penetration, spreading and dispersion. Write for our booklet whdch will give you more information on how these wetting agents can help your chemical processing.
c AMERtcA/v LM/iniuniciCOMPA/VY INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS DIVISION, DIPT.
C&M 8
30 ROCKEFELLER PLAZA, NEW YORK 2 0 , Ν. Υ. In Canada: North American Cyanamid Limited, Toronto and Montreal
V O L U M E
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1951
3309
THE C H E M I C A L W O R L D
The house of Givaudan is known throughout the world as
manufacturer
quantities, gents,
for
and
supplier
use in
pharmaceuticals AROMATIC
in
perfumery, and
pound,
cosmetics,
o t h e r industrial
and
car-lot
soaps,
deter
products,
of:
FINE ORGANIC P E R F l ME OIL product*
DERIVATIVES
CHEMICALS .MIXTURES
HUM·!, n n i - i - t r n i l v
and
uniformly,
highest
standard.- id" elirmieal ptirilv and odor perfection.
Qivaudan-F)ela\\'annaf JLy
Inc.
3 3 0 W E S T I 2 N D S T K E K T . NEW Y O R K Mamijhcttircrs
cries; 5 0 r r muriate of p o t a s h 1 4 ' Ϋ ; w h i l e m a n u r e salts d r o p p e d to less t h a n l f / c , reflecting the t r e n d t o w a r d t h e u s e o f more concentrated materials. D e l i v e r i e s o f p o t a s h for c h e m i c a l u s e s a m o u n t e d to 8 7 , 6 0 6 t o n s , a n i n c r e a s e o f 2 3 ' ', o v e r 1 9 4 9 - 5 0 . T h e 60'/© m u r i a t e g r a d e m a d e u p 94'/< o f c h e m i c a l d e l i v eries, a n d s u l f a t e p o t a s h 6f,'e
ton
THIS WEEK
oftncr
.100 eh cm irais,
18. Ν. Υ. including
fatty a M f h \ i | i · - . Buviii.·* l u i n \ l · iunumi· altlfhy·!«*>. a m \ l «alirylatt». aulirpiiip, I H M I / V I • • - Ι · · Γ « . ••••t\l .il.tiln.l. «ititi.niii·- al
